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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Turkmen|Turkmen]]  → [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Pronouns and Verbs → Basic Verb Conjugation</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Turkmen|Turkmen]]  → [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Turkmen/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Verb Conjugation</div>
 
Welcome to the exciting journey of learning Turkmen! In this lesson, we will focus on '''basic verb conjugation''' in the present tense. Understanding how to conjugate verbs is crucial because it allows you to express actions and states of being in a clear and concise manner. As you embark on this learning experience, you'll see how verbs are the backbone of sentences, making them lively and informative.
 
In Turkmen, verbs change according to the subject of the sentence, which means that conjugation is essential for clarity. This lesson is structured to guide you through the conjugation of regular verbs, ensuring you have a solid foundation to build upon as you progress in your language skills.
 
We will cover the following topics:
 
* Overview of verb conjugation
 
* Conjugation patterns for regular verbs
 
* Examples of conjugated verbs
 
* Practice exercises to enhance your learning
 
So, without further ado, let's dive into the world of Turkmen verbs!


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Overview of Verb Conjugation ===
 
In Turkmen, verbs are conjugated based on the subject pronoun. This means that the form of the verb changes depending on who is performing the action. For example, the verb “to go” will look different when saying “I go” versus “he goes.”
 
The basic structure of a Turkmen verb in the present tense involves:
 
* The verb root
 
* A suffix that corresponds to the subject pronoun
 
For instance, the verb "bar" (to go) is conjugated as follows:
 
* Men barýaryn (I go)
 
* Sen barýarsyň (You go)
 
* Ol barýar (He/She/It goes)
 
This pattern will become clearer as we explore regular verbs.
 
=== Conjugation Patterns for Regular Verbs ===
 
Regular verbs in Turkmen follow predictable patterns when conjugated. The conjugation process generally includes the following steps:
 
1. Identify the verb root.
 
2. Add the appropriate suffix based on the subject pronoun.


Welcome to the lesson on basic verb conjugation in Turkmen! In this lesson, we will learn how to conjugate regular Turkmen verbs in the present tense. This is an essential topic to master as it lays the foundation for constructing sentences and expressing actions in Turkmen. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently conjugate verbs and form basic sentences in Turkmen.
Here is a quick reference for personal pronouns in Turkmen:


To begin, we will explore the structure of Turkmen verbs and the various verb forms used in the present tense. We will then delve into the conjugation patterns for regular Turkmen verbs, providing numerous examples to illustrate each point. Throughout the lesson, we will also explore cultural aspects related to the usage and understanding of verbs in Turkmenistan.
* Men (I)


So let's get started and dive into the fascinating world of Turkmen verb conjugation!
* Sen (You - singular)


== Turkmen Verbs: Structure and Forms ==
* Ol (He/She/It)


Before we dive into verb conjugation, let's first understand the structure and forms of Turkmen verbs. Verbs in Turkmen consist of a stem and a verb ending. The verb endings change depending on the subject of the sentence and the tense being used.
* Biz (We)


In the present tense, Turkmen verbs have three main forms:
* Siz (You - plural/formal)
1. The indefinite form: This form is used when the subject of the sentence is not specified or when referring to a general action.
2. The definite form: This form is used when the subject of the sentence is specified.
3. The negative form: This form is used to express negation or the absence of an action.


Now that we have a basic understanding of Turkmen verb structure and forms, let's move on to verb conjugation.
* Ol (They)


== Conjugating Regular Turkmen Verbs ==
Now let’s examine how to conjugate some common regular verbs in the present tense.


Conjugating regular Turkmen verbs in the present tense is relatively straightforward. The verb endings change based on the subject of the sentence, and there are specific rules to follow depending on the verb stem.
==== Example Conjugations ====


Let's look at the conjugation pattern for regular Turkmen verbs in the present tense:
Here are some examples of regular verb conjugations:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| barýaryn  || bɑːˈrɯ.jɑ.rɯn || I go
|-
|-
| ýazmak || [jazˈmak] || to write
 
| barýarsyň || bɑːˈrɯ.jɑr.sɯŋ || You go (singular)
 
|-
 
| barýar  || bɑːˈrɯ.jɑr || He/She/It goes
 
|-
|-
| gitmek || [gitˈmek] || to go  
 
| barýarys || bɑːˈrɯ.jɑ.rɯs || We go  
 
|-
|-
| okamak || [oˈkamak] || to read
 
| barýarsyňyz || bɑːˈrɯ.jɑr.sɯŋ.ɯz || You go (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| gelmek || [ɡelˈmek] || to come
 
| barýarlar || bɑːˈrɯ.jɑr.lɑr || They go
 
|}
|}


As you can see from the examples above, the verb stem remains the same throughout conjugation, and the endings change based on the subject of the sentence.
Now let’s take a look at another common verb: "okamak" (to read).


Let's explore the conjugation patterns for regular Turkmen verbs in the present tense using the verb "ýazmak" (to write) as an example:
{| class="wikitable"


=== Indefinite Form ===
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English


The indefinite form is used when the subject of the sentence is not specified or when referring to a general action. To form the indefinite form of a regular Turkmen verb in the present tense, follow these steps:
|-


1. Take the verb stem, which is "ýaz-"
| okýaryn  || o.kʲɑːˈrɯn || I read
2. Add the appropriate verb ending based on the subject of the sentence.


Here are the verb endings for the indefinite form in the present tense:
|-
 
| okýarsyň  || o.kʲɑːr.sɯŋ || You read (singular)
 
|-
 
| okýar  || o.kʲɑːr || He/She/It reads
 
|-
 
| okýarys  || o.kʲɑːr.ɯs || We read
 
|-
 
| okýarsyňyz  || o.kʲɑːr.sɯŋ.ɯz || You read (plural/formal)
 
|-
 
| okýarlar  || o.kʲɯˈlɑr || They read
 
|}
 
You will notice that the verb endings change with the subject pronouns, providing clarity in communication.
 
=== More Examples of Regular Verb Conjugation ===
 
Let’s look at more examples to solidify your understanding of regular verb conjugation in Turkmen:
 
1. '''Eat (eýmek)'''


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Subject !! Verb Ending
 
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| iýýärin  || iːˈjɛː.rɪn || I eat
 
|-
|-
| I (singular) || -ýan/-iň
 
| iýýärsiň  || iːˈjɛːr.sɯŋ || You eat (singular)
 
|-
 
| iýýär  || iːˈjɛːr || He/She/It eats
 
|-
 
| iýýäris  || iːˈjɛːr.ɯs || We eat
 
|-
 
| iýýärsiňiz  || iːˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz || You eat (plural/formal)
 
|-
 
| iýýärler  || iːˈjɛːl.lə.r || They eat
 
|}
 
2. '''To work (işlemek)'''
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| you (singular) || -san/-sin
 
| işleýärin  || iʃ.lɛˈjɛː.rɪn || I work
 
|-
|-
| he/she/it || -ar/-er
 
| işleýärsiň  || iʃ.lɛˈjɛːr.sɯŋ || You work (singular)
 
|-
|-
| we (inclusive) || -ar/-er
 
| işleýär  || iʃ.lɛˈjɛːr || He/She/It works
 
|-
|-
| we (exclusive) || -arys/-äris
 
| işleýäris  || iʃ.lɛˈjɛːr.ɯs || We work
 
|-
|-
| you (plural) || -san/-sin
 
| işleýärsiňiz  || iʃ.lɛˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz || You work (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| they || -lar/-ler
 
| işleýärler  || iʃ.lɛˈlɛr || They work
 
|}
|}


Let's see the indefinite form conjugation of the verb "ýazmak" (to write):
3. '''To play (oýnamak)'''


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ýazýan || [jazˈjan] || I write
 
| oýnaýaryn || oʊˈnɑː.jɑ.rɯn || I play
 
|-
|-
| ýazsan || [jazˈsan] || you write
 
| oýnaýarsyň || oʊˈnɑː.jɑr.sɯŋ || You play (singular)
 
|-
|-
| ýazar || [jaˈzar] || he/she/it writes
 
| oýnaýar || oʊˈnɑː.jɑr || He/She/It plays
 
|-
|-
| ýazarys || [jazaˈrɯs] || we (exclusive) write
 
| oýnaýarys || oʊˈnɑː.jɑr.ɯs || We play
 
|-
|-
| ýazarys || [jazaˈrɯs] || we (inclusive) write
 
| oýnaýarsyňyz || oʊˈnɑː.jɑr.sɯŋ.ɯz || You play (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| ýazsan || [jazˈsan] || you write
 
| oýnaýarlar || oʊˈnɑː.jɑr.lɑr || They play
 
|}
 
4. '''To learn (öwrenmek)'''
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| öwrenýärin  || øʊˈrɛn.jɛː.rɪn || I learn
 
|-
 
| öwrenýärsiň  || øʊˈrɛn.jɛːr.sɯŋ || You learn (singular)
 
|-
 
| öwrenýär  || øʊˈrɛn.jɛːr || He/She/It learns
 
|-
 
| öwrenýäris  || øʊˈrɛn.jɛːr.ɯs || We learn
 
|-
 
| öwrenýärsiňiz  || øʊˈrɛn.jɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz || You learn (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| ýazarlar || [jazarˈlar] || they write
 
| öwrenýärler || øʊˈrɛn.læʊr || They learn
 
|}
|}


=== Definite Form ===
5. '''To listen (diňlemek)'''
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| diňleýärin  || dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛː.rɪn || I listen
 
|-
 
| diňleýärsiň  || dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛːr.sɯŋ || You listen (singular)
 
|-
 
| diňleýär  || dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛːr || He/She/It listens
 
|-
 
| diňleýäris  || dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛːr.ɯs || We listen
 
|-
 
| diňleýärsiňiz  || dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz || You listen (plural/formal)
 
|-


The definite form is used when the subject of the sentence is specified. To form the definite form of a regular Turkmen verb in the present tense, follow these steps:
| diňleýärler  || dɪŋ.lɛˈlɛr || They listen


1. Take the verb stem, which is "ýaz-"
|}
2. Add the appropriate verb ending based on the subject of the sentence.


Here are the verb endings for the definite form in the present tense:
6. '''To travel (syýahat etmek)'''


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Subject !! Verb Ending
 
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| I (singular) || -ym/-im
 
| syýahat edýärin  || sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯrɪn || I travel
 
|-
|-
| you (singular) || -syz/-siz
 
| syýahat edýärsiň  || sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯsɯŋ || You travel (singular)
 
|-
|-
| he/she/it || -dir
 
| syýahat edýär  || sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯ || He/She/It travels
 
|-
|-
| we (inclusive) || -ik
 
| syýahat edýäris  || sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯs || We travel
 
|-
|-
| we (exclusive) || -miz
 
| syýahat edýärsiňiz  || sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯsɯŋ.ɯz || You travel (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| you (plural) || -siz/-syz
 
|-
| syýahat edýärler  || sɪˈjɑː.hæt.lɛr || They travel
| they || -dirler
 
|}
|}


Let's see the definite form conjugation of the verb "ýazmak" (to write):
7. '''To dance (ýerlemek)'''


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ýazym || [jazˈɯm] || I write
 
| ýerleýärin || jɛːˈrɛː.lɛrɪn || I dance
 
|-
|-
| ýazsyz || [jazˈsɯz] || you write
 
| ýerleýärsiň || jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr.sɯŋ || You dance (singular)
 
|-
|-
| ýazdyr || [jazˈdir] || he/she/it writes
 
| ýerleýär || jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr || He/She/It dances
 
|-
|-
| ýazmiz || [jazˈmiz] || we (exclusive) write
 
| ýerleýäris || jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr.ɯs || We dance
 
|-
|-
| ýazmiz || [jazˈmiz] || we (inclusive) write
 
| ýerleýärsiňiz || jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr.sɯŋ.ɯz || You dance (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| ýazsyz || [jazˈsɯz] || you write
 
| ýerleýärler || jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr.lɛr || They dance
 
|}
 
8. '''To buy (satyn almak)'''
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| satyn alýaryn  || sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑ.rɯn || I buy
 
|-
 
| satyn alýarsyň  || sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr.sɯŋ || You buy (singular)
 
|-
 
| satyn alýar  || sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr || He/She/It buys
 
|-
 
| satyn alýarys  || sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr.ɯs || We buy
 
|-
|-
| ýazdyrlar  || [jazdirˈlar] || they write
|}


=== Negative Form ===
| satyn alýarsyňyz  || sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr.sɯŋ.ɯz || You buy (plural/formal)


The negative form is used to express negation or the absence of an action. To form the negative form of a regular Turkmen verb in the present tense, follow these steps:
|-


1. Take the verb stem, which is "ýaz-"
| satyn alýarlar  || sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr.lɑr || They buy
2. Add the negative verb ending "-ma/-me" after the verb stem.


Here are the negative verb endings for the present tense:
|}
 
9. '''To meet (deşmek)'''


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Subject !! Verb Ending
 
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| I (singular) || -maň/-meň
 
| deşýärin  || dɛʃˈjɛː.rɪn || I meet
 
|-
|-
| you (singular) || -san/-sen
 
| deşýärsiň  || dɛʃˈjɛːr.sɯŋ || You meet (singular)
 
|-
|-
| he/she/it || -ar/-er
 
| deşýär  || dɛʃˈjɛːr || He/She/It meets
 
|-
|-
| we (inclusive) || -ar/-er
 
| deşýäris  || dɛʃˈjɛːr.ɯs || We meet
 
|-
|-
| we (exclusive) || -arys/-äris
 
| deşýärsiňiz  || dɛʃˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz || You meet (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| you (plural) || -san/-sen
 
|-
| deşýärler  || dɛʃˈjɛːl.lɛr || They meet
| they || -lar/-ler
 
|}
|}


Let's see the negative form conjugation of the verb "ýazmak" (to write):
10. '''To laugh (gülmek)'''


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
! Turkmen !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ýazmaň || [jazˈmaŋ] || I don't write
 
| gülýärin || gʏlˈjɛː.rɪn || I laugh
 
|-
|-
| ýazsan || [jazˈsan] || you don't write
 
| gülýärsiň || gʏlˈjɛːr.sɯŋ || You laugh (singular)
 
|-
|-
| ýazar || [jaˈzar] || he/she/it doesn't write
 
| gülýär || gʏlˈjɛːr || He/She/It laughs
 
|-
|-
| ýazarys || [jazaˈrɯs] || we (exclusive) don't write
 
| gülýäris || gʏlˈjɛːr.ɯs || We laugh
 
|-
|-
| ýazarys || [jazaˈrɯs] || we (inclusive) don't write
 
| gülýärsiňiz || gʏlˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz || You laugh (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| ýazsan || [jazˈsan] || you don't write
 
|-
| gülýärler || gʏlˈjɛːl.lɛr || They laugh
| ýazarlar  || [jazarˈlar] || they don't write
 
|}
|}


== Cultural Insights: Verbs in Turkmenistan ==
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that you have learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense, it’s time to put your knowledge into practice! Below are some exercises designed to reinforce what you've learned.
 
1. '''Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb "bar" (to go):'''
 
* Men ___ (to go)
 
* Sen ___ (to go)
 
* Ol ___ (to go)
 
* Biz ___ (to go)
 
* Siz ___ (to go)
 
* Ol ___ (to go)
 
'''Answers:'''
 
* Men barýaryn
 
* Sen barýarsyň
 
* Ol barýar
 
* Biz barýarys
 
* Siz barýarsyňyz
 
* Ol barýarlar
 
2. '''Translate the following sentences into Turkmen:'''
 
* I read.
 
* You work (singular).
 
* They eat.
 
* We dance.
 
'''Answers:'''
 
* Men okýaryn.
 
* Sen işleýärsiň.
 
* Ol iýýärler.
 
* Biz ýerleýäris.
 
3. '''Conjugate the verb "syýahat etmek" (to travel) for all subject pronouns:'''
 
'''Answers:'''
 
* Men syýahat edýärin
 
* Sen syýahat edýärsiň
 
* Ol syýahat edýär


In Turkmenistan, the usage of verbs reflects the cultural values and traditions of the Turkmen people. Verbs play a significant role in everyday communication, and the choice of verbs can convey respect, politeness, and social hierarchy.
* Biz syýahat edýäris


One interesting cultural aspect of Turkmen verbs is the use of honorific verbs. These verbs are used to show respect to someone of higher social status, such as elders, teachers, or leaders. Using honorific verbs is considered a sign of politeness and deference in Turkmen culture.
* Siz syýahat edýärsiňiz


For example, instead of using the regular verb "ýazmak" (to write), Turkmen people may use the honorific verb "öýremek" (to teach) when referring to someone who is older or holds a higher position. This subtle linguistic choice reflects the importance of showing respect and honoring social hierarchies in Turkmen society.
* Ol syýahat edýärler


Another cultural aspect related to verbs in Turkmenistan is the use of proverbs and idiomatic expressions. Turkmen proverbs often use verbs to convey wisdom, advice, or cultural values. Learning these proverbs and understanding their underlying verbs can provide valuable insights into Turkmen culture and mindset.
4. '''Choose the correct form of the verb "okamak" (to read) to complete the sentences:'''


For example, the proverb "Iş bolan adam üçin gara toprak ýeter" (A person with work has enough black soil) emphasizes the value of hard work and the satisfaction that comes from being productive. The verb "bolan" (having) in this proverb encapsulates the concept of being industrious and self-sufficient, which are highly valued traits in Turkmen society.
* Men ___ (to read) kitap.


== Practice Exercises ==
* Siz ___ (to read) gazet.


Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of basic verb conjugation in Turkmen.
* Biz ___ (to read) makala.


Exercise 1: Conjugate the verb "gitmek" (to go) in the indefinite form for the given subjects.
'''Answers:'''


* I (singular)
* Men okýaryn kitap.
* you (singular)
* he/she/it
* we (exclusive)
* we (inclusive)
* you (plural)
* they


Exercise 2: Conjugate the verb "okamak" (to read) in the definite form for the given subjects.
* Siz okýarsyňyz gazet.


* I (singular)
* Biz okýarys makala.
* you (singular)
* he/she/it
* we (exclusive)
* we (inclusive)
* you (plural)
* they


Exercise 3: Conjugate the verb "gelmek" (to come) in the negative form for the given subjects.
5. '''Create sentences using the verbs "işlemek" (to work) and "gülmek" (to laugh) in the present tense for each subject pronoun.'''


* I (singular)
'''Answers:'''
* you (singular)
* he/she/it
* we (exclusive)
* we (inclusive)
* you (plural)
* they


* Men işleýärin.


== Solutions ==
* Sen işleýärsiň.


Exercise 1: Indefinite Form of "gitmek" (to go)
* Ol işleýär.


* ýörem
* Biz işleýäris.
* ýörsin
* ýör
* ýöremiz
* ýöremiz
* ýörsin
* ýörler


Exercise 2: Definite Form of "okamak" (to read)
* Siz işleýärsiňiz.


* okam
* Ol işleýärler.
* okasyz
* okar
* okamiz
* okamiz
* okasyz
* okarlar


Exercise 3: Negative Form of "gelmek" (to come)
* Men gülýärin.


* galmam
* Sen gülýärsiň.
* gelsen
* gelmez
* gelmäris
* gelmäris
* gelsen
* gelmezler


* Ol gülýär.


Congratulations on completing the practice exercises! You're well on your way to mastering basic verb conjugation in Turkmen.
* Biz gülýäris.


== Conclusion ==
* Siz gülýärsiňiz.


In this lesson, we explored the intricacies of basic verb conjugation in Turkmen. We learned about the structure and forms of Turkmen verbs, and we delved into the conjugation patterns for regular verbs in the present tense. Along the way, we discovered cultural insights related to verbs in Turkmenistan, highlighting the significance of verbs in everyday communication and cultural expressions.
* Ol gülýärler.


By practicing the exercises provided, you have reinforced your understanding of basic verb conjugation in Turkmen. Keep practicing and applying these concepts in real-life situations to further enhance your language skills.
6. '''Match the verbs to their English translations:'''


In the next lesson, we will continue our journey through the Turkmen language and explore the world of numbers and time. Get ready to count and tell time in Turkmen!
* 1. oýnamak
 
* 2. diňlemek
 
* 3. öwrenmek
 
* 4. satyn almak
 
'''Answers:'''
 
* 1 = To play
 
* 2 = To listen
 
* 3 = To learn
 
* 4 = To buy
 
7. '''Conjugate the verb "gülmek" (to laugh) for all subject pronouns:'''
 
'''Answers:'''
 
* Men gülýärin
 
* Sen gülýärsiň
 
* Ol gülýär
 
* Biz gülýäris
 
* Siz gülýärsiňiz
 
* Ol gülýärler
 
8. '''Write a short paragraph introducing yourself using at least three verbs in the present tense.'''
 
'''Example Answer:'''
 
* Men Ismail. Men okýaryn, işleýärin, we gülýärin.
 
9. '''Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb "eşitmek" (to listen):'''
 
* Men ___ nice.
 
* Sen ___ nice.
 
* Ol ___ nice.
 
'''Answers:'''
 
* Men eşitýärin
 
* Sen eşitýärsiň
 
* Ol eşitýär
 
10. '''Translate the following Turkmen sentences into English:'''
 
* Men okýaryn.
 
* Siz gülýärsiňiz.
 
* Ol işleýär.
 
'''Answers:'''
 
* I read.
 
* You laugh (plural/formal).
 
* He/She/It works.
 
As you practice conjugating verbs, remember that repetition is key to mastery. The more you use these verbs in context, the more natural they will become.
 
By the end of this lesson, you should have a clearer understanding of how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense. Keep practicing, and you'll be well on your way to confidently using Turkmen in your conversations!


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|title=Turkmen Grammar → Pronouns and Verbs → Basic Verb Conjugation
 
|keywords=Turkmen grammar, Turkmen verbs, basic verb conjugation, Turkmen language, present tense, regular verbs, Turkmen culture
|title=Turkmen Grammar: Basic Verb Conjugation
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate regular Turkmen verbs in the present tense. We will explore the structure and forms of Turkmen verbs, delve into conjugation patterns, and provide cultural insights related to verbs in Turkmenistan.
 
|keywords=Turkmen, verb conjugation, learn Turkmen, present tense, Turkmen language
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate regular Turkmen verbs in the present tense. This foundational grammar skill will enhance your communication in Turkmen.
 
}}
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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 05:11, 2 August 2024

◀️ Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Numbers 1-10 ▶️

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Turkmen → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Verb Conjugation

Welcome to the exciting journey of learning Turkmen! In this lesson, we will focus on basic verb conjugation in the present tense. Understanding how to conjugate verbs is crucial because it allows you to express actions and states of being in a clear and concise manner. As you embark on this learning experience, you'll see how verbs are the backbone of sentences, making them lively and informative.

In Turkmen, verbs change according to the subject of the sentence, which means that conjugation is essential for clarity. This lesson is structured to guide you through the conjugation of regular verbs, ensuring you have a solid foundation to build upon as you progress in your language skills.

We will cover the following topics:

  • Overview of verb conjugation
  • Conjugation patterns for regular verbs
  • Examples of conjugated verbs
  • Practice exercises to enhance your learning

So, without further ado, let's dive into the world of Turkmen verbs!

Overview of Verb Conjugation[edit | edit source]

In Turkmen, verbs are conjugated based on the subject pronoun. This means that the form of the verb changes depending on who is performing the action. For example, the verb “to go” will look different when saying “I go” versus “he goes.”

The basic structure of a Turkmen verb in the present tense involves:

  • The verb root
  • A suffix that corresponds to the subject pronoun

For instance, the verb "bar" (to go) is conjugated as follows:

  • Men barýaryn (I go)
  • Sen barýarsyň (You go)
  • Ol barýar (He/She/It goes)

This pattern will become clearer as we explore regular verbs.

Conjugation Patterns for Regular Verbs[edit | edit source]

Regular verbs in Turkmen follow predictable patterns when conjugated. The conjugation process generally includes the following steps:

1. Identify the verb root.

2. Add the appropriate suffix based on the subject pronoun.

Here is a quick reference for personal pronouns in Turkmen:

  • Men (I)
  • Sen (You - singular)
  • Ol (He/She/It)
  • Biz (We)
  • Siz (You - plural/formal)
  • Ol (They)

Now let’s examine how to conjugate some common regular verbs in the present tense.

Example Conjugations[edit | edit source]

Here are some examples of regular verb conjugations:

Turkmen Pronunciation English
barýaryn bɑːˈrɯ.jɑ.rɯn I go
barýarsyň bɑːˈrɯ.jɑr.sɯŋ You go (singular)
barýar bɑːˈrɯ.jɑr He/She/It goes
barýarys bɑːˈrɯ.jɑ.rɯs We go
barýarsyňyz bɑːˈrɯ.jɑr.sɯŋ.ɯz You go (plural/formal)
barýarlar bɑːˈrɯ.jɑr.lɑr They go

Now let’s take a look at another common verb: "okamak" (to read).

Turkmen Pronunciation English
okýaryn o.kʲɑːˈrɯn I read
okýarsyň o.kʲɑːr.sɯŋ You read (singular)
okýar o.kʲɑːr He/She/It reads
okýarys o.kʲɑːr.ɯs We read
okýarsyňyz o.kʲɑːr.sɯŋ.ɯz You read (plural/formal)
okýarlar o.kʲɯˈlɑr They read

You will notice that the verb endings change with the subject pronouns, providing clarity in communication.

More Examples of Regular Verb Conjugation[edit | edit source]

Let’s look at more examples to solidify your understanding of regular verb conjugation in Turkmen:

1. Eat (eýmek)

Turkmen Pronunciation English
iýýärin iːˈjɛː.rɪn I eat
iýýärsiň iːˈjɛːr.sɯŋ You eat (singular)
iýýär iːˈjɛːr He/She/It eats
iýýäris iːˈjɛːr.ɯs We eat
iýýärsiňiz iːˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz You eat (plural/formal)
iýýärler iːˈjɛːl.lə.r They eat

2. To work (işlemek)

Turkmen Pronunciation English
işleýärin iʃ.lɛˈjɛː.rɪn I work
işleýärsiň iʃ.lɛˈjɛːr.sɯŋ You work (singular)
işleýär iʃ.lɛˈjɛːr He/She/It works
işleýäris iʃ.lɛˈjɛːr.ɯs We work
işleýärsiňiz iʃ.lɛˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz You work (plural/formal)
işleýärler iʃ.lɛˈlɛr They work

3. To play (oýnamak)

Turkmen Pronunciation English
oýnaýaryn oʊˈnɑː.jɑ.rɯn I play
oýnaýarsyň oʊˈnɑː.jɑr.sɯŋ You play (singular)
oýnaýar oʊˈnɑː.jɑr He/She/It plays
oýnaýarys oʊˈnɑː.jɑr.ɯs We play
oýnaýarsyňyz oʊˈnɑː.jɑr.sɯŋ.ɯz You play (plural/formal)
oýnaýarlar oʊˈnɑː.jɑr.lɑr They play

4. To learn (öwrenmek)

Turkmen Pronunciation English
öwrenýärin øʊˈrɛn.jɛː.rɪn I learn
öwrenýärsiň øʊˈrɛn.jɛːr.sɯŋ You learn (singular)
öwrenýär øʊˈrɛn.jɛːr He/She/It learns
öwrenýäris øʊˈrɛn.jɛːr.ɯs We learn
öwrenýärsiňiz øʊˈrɛn.jɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz You learn (plural/formal)
öwrenýärler øʊˈrɛn.læʊr They learn

5. To listen (diňlemek)

Turkmen Pronunciation English
diňleýärin dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛː.rɪn I listen
diňleýärsiň dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛːr.sɯŋ You listen (singular)
diňleýär dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛːr He/She/It listens
diňleýäris dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛːr.ɯs We listen
diňleýärsiňiz dɪŋ.lɛˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz You listen (plural/formal)
diňleýärler dɪŋ.lɛˈlɛr They listen

6. To travel (syýahat etmek)

Turkmen Pronunciation English
syýahat edýärin sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯrɪn I travel
syýahat edýärsiň sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯsɯŋ You travel (singular)
syýahat edýär sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯ He/She/It travels
syýahat edýäris sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯs We travel
syýahat edýärsiňiz sɪˈjɑː.hæt.ɯsɯŋ.ɯz You travel (plural/formal)
syýahat edýärler sɪˈjɑː.hæt.lɛr They travel

7. To dance (ýerlemek)

Turkmen Pronunciation English
ýerleýärin jɛːˈrɛː.lɛrɪn I dance
ýerleýärsiň jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr.sɯŋ You dance (singular)
ýerleýär jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr He/She/It dances
ýerleýäris jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr.ɯs We dance
ýerleýärsiňiz jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr.sɯŋ.ɯz You dance (plural/formal)
ýerleýärler jɛːˈrɛː.lɛr.lɛr They dance

8. To buy (satyn almak)

Turkmen Pronunciation English
satyn alýaryn sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑ.rɯn I buy
satyn alýarsyň sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr.sɯŋ You buy (singular)
satyn alýar sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr He/She/It buys
satyn alýarys sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr.ɯs We buy
satyn alýarsyňyz sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr.sɯŋ.ɯz You buy (plural/formal)
satyn alýarlar sɑːˈtɯ.nɑːˈjɑr.lɑr They buy

9. To meet (deşmek)

Turkmen Pronunciation English
deşýärin dɛʃˈjɛː.rɪn I meet
deşýärsiň dɛʃˈjɛːr.sɯŋ You meet (singular)
deşýär dɛʃˈjɛːr He/She/It meets
deşýäris dɛʃˈjɛːr.ɯs We meet
deşýärsiňiz dɛʃˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz You meet (plural/formal)
deşýärler dɛʃˈjɛːl.lɛr They meet

10. To laugh (gülmek)

Turkmen Pronunciation English
gülýärin gʏlˈjɛː.rɪn I laugh
gülýärsiň gʏlˈjɛːr.sɯŋ You laugh (singular)
gülýär gʏlˈjɛːr He/She/It laughs
gülýäris gʏlˈjɛːr.ɯs We laugh
gülýärsiňiz gʏlˈjɛːr.sɯŋ.ɯz You laugh (plural/formal)
gülýärler gʏlˈjɛːl.lɛr They laugh

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you have learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense, it’s time to put your knowledge into practice! Below are some exercises designed to reinforce what you've learned.

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb "bar" (to go):

  • Men ___ (to go)
  • Sen ___ (to go)
  • Ol ___ (to go)
  • Biz ___ (to go)
  • Siz ___ (to go)
  • Ol ___ (to go)

Answers:

  • Men barýaryn
  • Sen barýarsyň
  • Ol barýar
  • Biz barýarys
  • Siz barýarsyňyz
  • Ol barýarlar

2. Translate the following sentences into Turkmen:

  • I read.
  • You work (singular).
  • They eat.
  • We dance.

Answers:

  • Men okýaryn.
  • Sen işleýärsiň.
  • Ol iýýärler.
  • Biz ýerleýäris.

3. Conjugate the verb "syýahat etmek" (to travel) for all subject pronouns:

Answers:

  • Men syýahat edýärin
  • Sen syýahat edýärsiň
  • Ol syýahat edýär
  • Biz syýahat edýäris
  • Siz syýahat edýärsiňiz
  • Ol syýahat edýärler

4. Choose the correct form of the verb "okamak" (to read) to complete the sentences:

  • Men ___ (to read) kitap.
  • Siz ___ (to read) gazet.
  • Biz ___ (to read) makala.

Answers:

  • Men okýaryn kitap.
  • Siz okýarsyňyz gazet.
  • Biz okýarys makala.

5. Create sentences using the verbs "işlemek" (to work) and "gülmek" (to laugh) in the present tense for each subject pronoun.

Answers:

  • Men işleýärin.
  • Sen işleýärsiň.
  • Ol işleýär.
  • Biz işleýäris.
  • Siz işleýärsiňiz.
  • Ol işleýärler.
  • Men gülýärin.
  • Sen gülýärsiň.
  • Ol gülýär.
  • Biz gülýäris.
  • Siz gülýärsiňiz.
  • Ol gülýärler.

6. Match the verbs to their English translations:

  • 1. oýnamak
  • 2. diňlemek
  • 3. öwrenmek
  • 4. satyn almak

Answers:

  • 1 = To play
  • 2 = To listen
  • 3 = To learn
  • 4 = To buy

7. Conjugate the verb "gülmek" (to laugh) for all subject pronouns:

Answers:

  • Men gülýärin
  • Sen gülýärsiň
  • Ol gülýär
  • Biz gülýäris
  • Siz gülýärsiňiz
  • Ol gülýärler

8. Write a short paragraph introducing yourself using at least three verbs in the present tense.

Example Answer:

  • Men Ismail. Men okýaryn, işleýärin, we gülýärin.

9. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb "eşitmek" (to listen):

  • Men ___ nice.
  • Sen ___ nice.
  • Ol ___ nice.

Answers:

  • Men eşitýärin
  • Sen eşitýärsiň
  • Ol eşitýär

10. Translate the following Turkmen sentences into English:

  • Men okýaryn.
  • Siz gülýärsiňiz.
  • Ol işleýär.

Answers:

  • I read.
  • You laugh (plural/formal).
  • He/She/It works.

As you practice conjugating verbs, remember that repetition is key to mastery. The more you use these verbs in context, the more natural they will become.

By the end of this lesson, you should have a clearer understanding of how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense. Keep practicing, and you'll be well on your way to confidently using Turkmen in your conversations!

Table of Contents - Turkmen Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Verbs


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Adjectives


Family and Relationships


Turkmen Customs and Traditions


Food and Dining


Asking Questions


Travel and Transportation


Geography and Landmarks


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Turkmen Art and Literature

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Personal Pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Numbers 1-10 ▶️

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