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{{Georgian-Page-Top}}
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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Georgian|Georgian]]  → [[Language/Georgian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparison</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Georgian|Georgian]]  → [[Language/Georgian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Comparison</div>
 
Welcome, dear students! Today, we will embark on an exciting journey into the world of Georgian adjectives and adverbs. Understanding how to compare these parts of speech is crucial for expressing differences and similarities in your conversations. Whether you're chatting about the weather, discussing your favorite foods, or comparing your favorite athletes, the ability to use adjectives and adverbs effectively will enhance your communication skills in Georgian.
 
=== Lesson Outline ===
 
In this lesson, we will cover the following key points:
 
* The importance of comparison in the Georgian language
 
* How to form comparative and superlative adjectives
 
* How to form comparative adverbs
 
* Examples to illustrate each concept
 
* Exercises to practice what you've learned
 
So, let's dive in!


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== The Importance of Comparison in Georgian ===


Welcome to the lesson on comparison of adjectives and adverbs in Georgian! In this lesson, we will explore how to form and compare adjectives and adverbs in the Georgian language. Understanding how to compare different qualities and characteristics is an essential aspect of mastering any language, and Georgian is no exception. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of the rules and patterns for forming and comparing adjectives and adverbs, allowing you to express yourself more effectively in Georgian.
In Georgian, comparison allows you to express how things relate to one another. For instance, you might want to say that one dish is tastier than another or that a friend is taller than you. The ability to compare helps you describe the world around you with greater detail and nuance.  


To ensure a comprehensive understanding, we will cover various aspects of comparison, including the formation of comparative and superlative degrees, as well as irregular forms. We will provide numerous examples and exercises throughout the lesson to reinforce your learning and help you practice applying these concepts in context. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of comparison in Georgian, as well as share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to this topic.
In Georgian, adjectives and adverbs can both be compared, enhancing your ability to communicate effectively. Let’s explore how to form comparisons in both areas.


Let's dive in and discover the fascinating world of comparison in Georgian!
=== Forming Comparative and Superlative Adjectives ===


== Formation of Comparative Degree ==
In Georgian, adjectives can be compared in two main ways: using the comparative form and the superlative form.


The comparative degree is used to compare two entities, expressing a higher or lower degree of a quality or characteristic. In Georgian, the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs can be formed in different ways, depending on the word's ending and the desired comparison.
==== Comparative Adjectives ====


=== Comparative Degree of Adjectives ===
To form the comparative adjective in Georgian, you typically add the suffix '''-er''' or use the word '''მეტი''' (meti) meaning "more" before the adjective.


To form the comparative degree of adjectives in Georgian, we generally add the suffix "-მე" ("-me") to the base form of the adjective. However, there are a few exceptions and irregular forms that we will cover later in this lesson.
Here is a simple structure to remember:
 
* Positive: დიდი (didi) - big
 
* Comparative: უფრო დიდი (ufro didi) - bigger


Let's look at some examples:
Let's look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| მარგალიტელი (margaliteli) || [mar.ga.li.te.li] || beautiful
 
| მაღალი || maghali || tall
 
|-
|-
| მარგალიტელმე (margalitelme) || [mar.ga.li.tel.me] || more beautiful
 
| უფრო მაღალი || ufro maghali || taller
 
|-
|-
| ცხოვრებადი (tskhovrebadi) || [tsʰxo.vɾe.ba.di] || interesting
 
| პატარა || pat'ara || small
 
|-
 
| უფრო პატარა || ufro pat'ara || smaller
 
|-
|-
| ცხოვრებადმე (tskhovrebadme) || [tsʰxo.vɾe.bad.me] || more interesting
|}


In the examples above, we added the suffix "-მე" ("-me") to the base form of the adjectives "მარგალიტელი" ("margaliteli") and "ცხოვრებადი" ("tskhovrebadi") to form their comparative degrees. Notice how the vowel "ა" ("a") in the base form changes to "ე" ("e") in the comparative form.
| სწრაფი || sts'rap'i || fast


It is important to note that some adjectives have irregular forms in the comparative degree. These irregular forms must be memorized separately. Let's look at a few examples:
|-
 
| უფრო სწრაფი || ufro sts'rap'i || faster


{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| გრძელი (grdzeli) || [ɡɾ.d͡zɛ.li] || tall
 
| სუსტი || sust'i || weak
 
|-
|-
| უფრო გრძელი (upro grdzeli) || [upɾɔ ɡɾ.d͡zɛ.li] || taller
 
| უფრო სუსტი || ufro sust'i || weaker
 
|-
|-
| კარგი (kargi) || [kʰaɾ.ɡi] || good
 
| ჭკვიანი || ch'k'viani || smart
 
|-
|-
| უფრო კარგი (upro kargi) || [upɾɔ kʰaɾ.ɡi] || better
 
| უფრო ჭკვიანი || ufro ch'k'viani || smarter
 
|}
|}


In the examples above, the adjectives "გრძელი" ("grdzeli") and "კარგი" ("kargi") have irregular forms in the comparative degree. Instead of adding the suffix "-მე" ("-me"), we use the phrase "უფრო" ("upro") before the adjective to indicate the comparative degree.
==== Superlative Adjectives ====
 
To form the superlative, you can use the word '''მოუწინავე''' (mouts'inave) meaning "the most" or the suffix '''-est'''.  


=== Comparative Degree of Adverbs ===
* Positive: კარგი (k'argi) - good


Forming the comparative degree of adverbs in Georgian is similar to that of adjectives. Generally, we add the suffix "-მე" ("-me") to the base form of the adverb, but there are also irregular forms to be aware of.
* Superlative: ყველაზე კარგი (q'velaze k'argi) - the best


Let's see some examples:
Here are some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ხმამაღლებით (khmamaghlebit) || [xmɑ.mɑ.ɣlɛ.bit] || loudly
 
| ლამაზი || lamazi || beautiful
 
|-
|-
| ხმამაღლებითმე (khmamaghlebitme) || [xmɑ.mɑ.ɣlɛ.bit.me] || more loudly
 
| ყველაზე ლამაზი || q'velaze lamazi || the most beautiful
 
|-
|-
| სწორად (stsorad) || [stsʼɔ.ɾɑd] || correctly
 
| ძველი || dzveli || old
 
|-
|-
| სწორადმე (stsoradme) || [stsʼɔ.ɾɑd.me] || more correctly
|}


In the examples above, we added the suffix "-მე" ("-me") to the base form of the adverbs "ხმამაღლებით" ("khmamaghlebit") and "სწორად" ("stsorad") to form their comparative degrees.
| ყველაზე ძველი || q'velaze dzveli || the oldest
 
|-


Similarly to adjectives, some adverbs have irregular forms in the comparative degree. Let's take a look:
| ახალი || akhali || new


{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| კარგად (kargad) || [kʰaɾ.ɡɑd] || well
 
| ყველაზე ახალი || q'velaze akhali || the newest
 
|-
|-
| უფრო კარგად (upro kargad) || [upɾɔ kʰaɾ.ɡɑd] || better
 
| ძლიერი || dzlieri || strong
 
|-
|-
| ცოტა (tsota) || [tsʼɔ.tʼɑ] || a little
 
| ყველაზე ძლიერი || q'velaze dzlieri || the strongest
 
|-
|-
| უფრო ცოტა (upro tsota) || [upɾɔ tsʼɔ.tʼɑ] || less
 
| სწრაფი || sts'rap'i || fast
 
|-
 
| ყველაზე სწრაფი || q'velaze sts'rap'i || the fastest
 
|}
|}


In the examples above, the adverbs "კარგად" ("kargad") and "ცოტა" ("tsota") have irregular forms in the comparative degree. We use the phrase "უფრო" ("upro") before the adverb to indicate the comparative degree.
=== Forming Comparative Adverbs ===


== Formation of Superlative Degree ==
Just like adjectives, adverbs can also be compared. In Georgian, you can compare adverbs by using '''მეტი''' (meti) for "more" or '''მესამე''' (mesame) for "the most."


The superlative degree is used to compare three or more entities, expressing the highest or lowest degree of a quality or characteristic. In Georgian, the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs can also be formed in different ways, depending on the word's ending and the desired comparison.
==== Comparative Adverbs ====


=== Superlative Degree of Adjectives ===
Here’s how you can form comparative adverbs:


To form the superlative degree of adjectives in Georgian, we generally add the suffix "-კაცი" ("-katsi") to the base form of the adjective. However, similar to the comparative degree, there are irregular forms that we will cover later in this lesson.
* Positive: სწრაფად (sts'rapad) - quickly


Let's explore some examples:
* Comparative: უფრო სწრაფად (ufro sts'rapad) - more quickly
 
Let’s look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ნელა || nela || slowly
|-
|-
| მარგალიტელი (margaliteli) || [mar.ga.li.te.li] || beautiful
 
| უფრო ნელა || ufro nela || more slowly
 
|-
|-
| მარგალიტელკაცი (margalitelkatsi) || [mar.ga.li.tel.kʰɑ.t͡si] || the most beautiful
 
| კარგად || k'argad || well
 
|-
|-
| ცხოვრებადი (tskhovrebadi) || [tsʰxo.vɾe.ba.di] || interesting
 
| უფრო კარგად || ufro k'argad || better
 
|-
|-
| ცხოვრებადიკაცი (tskhovrebadikatsi) || [tsʰxo.vɾe.ba.di.kʰɑ.t͡si] || the most interesting
|}


In the examples above, we added the suffix "-კაცი" ("-katsi") to the base form of the adjectives "მარგალიტელი" ("margaliteli") and "ცხოვრებადი" ("tskhovrebadi") to form their superlative degrees.
| მაღლა || maghla || high
 
|-


Just like the comparative degree, some adjectives have irregular forms in the superlative degree. Let's examine a few examples:
| უფრო მაღლა || ufro maghla || higher


{| class="wikitable"
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| გრძელი (grdzeli) || [ɡɾ.d͡zɛ.li] || tall
 
| ცოტათი || ts'ot'ati || a little
 
|-
|-
| უყვარდეთი (uqvardeti) || [uqʼ.var.dɛ.tʰi] || the tallest
 
| უფრო ცოტათი || ufro ts'ot'ati || a bit more
 
|-
|-
| კარგი (kargi) || [kʰaɾ.ɡi] || good
 
| კარგად || k'argad || well
 
|-
|-
| უყვარდეთი (uqvardeti) || [uqʼ.var.dɛ.tʰi] || the best
 
| უფრო კარგად || ufro k'argad || better
 
|}
|}


In the examples above, the adjectives "გრძელი" ("grdzeli") and "კარგი" ("kargi") have irregular forms in the superlative degree. Instead of adding the suffix "-კაცი" ("-katsi"), we use the word "უყვარდეთი" ("uqvardeti") before the adjective to indicate the superlative degree.
=== Summary ===
 
In summary, forming comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs in Georgian is essential for describing relationships and differences. You now have the tools to express comparisons confidently!
 
Now, let's practice what we've learned with some exercises.
 
=== Exercises ===
 
Here are some exercises to help you practice forming and using comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences using the correct comparative form of the adjectives in parentheses.
 
1. This book is ___ (good) than that one.
 
2. I run ___ (fast) than my brother.
 
3. She is ___ (tall) than her sister.
 
4. This car is ___ (new) than my old one.
 
5. He is the ___ (smart) student in the class.
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1. better (კარგი -> უკეთესი)
 
2. faster (სწრაფი -> უფრო სწრაფი)
 
3. taller (მაღალი -> უფრო მაღალი)
 
4. newer (ახალი -> უფრო ახალი)
 
5. smartest (ჭკვიანი -> ყველაზე ჭკვიანი)
 
==== Exercise 2: Comparative Adverbs ====
 
Rewrite the following sentences using the comparative form of the adverbs in parentheses.
 
1. She sings ___ (well) than I do.
 
2. He works ___ (hard) than anyone else.
 
3. They arrived ___ (early) than expected.
 
4. This task is completed ___ (quickly) than the last one.
 
5. She speaks ___ (clearly) than before.
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1. better (კარგად -> უკეთ)
 
2. harder (მუდმივად -> უფრო მძლავრად)
 
3. earlier (დროებით -> უფრო ადრე)
 
4. more quickly (სწრაფად -> უფრო სწრაფად)
 
5. more clearly ( rõ rõ -> უფრო მკაფიოდ)
 
==== Exercise 3: Match the Adjective with its Comparative Form ====


=== Superlative Degree of Adverbs ===
Match the adjectives in column A with their comparative forms in column B.


Forming the superlative degree of adverbs in Georgian follows a similar pattern to adjectives. Generally, we add the suffix "-კაცი" ("-katsi") to the base form of the adverb. However, there are also irregular forms to be aware of.
| Column A | Column B |


Let's see some examples:
|----------|----------|


{| class="wikitable"
| 1. დიდი  | A. უფრო მაღალი |
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ხმამაღლებით (khmamaghlebit) || [xmɑ.mɑ.ɣlɛ.bit] || loudly
|-
| ხმამაღლებითკაცი (khmamaghlebitkatsi) || [xmɑ.mɑ.ɣlɛ.bit.kʰɑ.t͡si] || the loudest
|-
| სწორად (stsorad) || [stsʼɔ.ɾɑd] || correctly
|-
| სწორადკაცი (stsoradkatsi) || [stsʼɔ.ɾɑd.kʰɑ.t͡si] || the most correctly
|}


In the examples above, we added the suffix "-კაცი" ("-katsi") to the base form of the adverbs "ხმამაღლებით" ("khmamaghlebit") and "სწორად" ("stsorad") to form their superlative degrees.
| 2. პატარა | B. უფრო პატარა |


Similarly to adjectives, some adverbs have irregular forms in the superlative degree. Let's take a look:
| 3. კარგი  | C. უფრო კარგი  |


{| class="wikitable"
| 4. ძველი  | D. უფრო ძველი |
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| კარგად (kargad) || [kʰaɾ.ɡɑd] || well
|-
| უყვარდეთი (uqvardeti) || [uqʼ.var.dɛ.tʰi] || the best
|-
| ცოტა (tsota) || [tsʼɔ.tʼɑ] || a little
|-
| უყვარდეთი (uqvardeti) || [uqʼ.var.dɛ.tʰi] || the least
|}


In the examples above, the adverbs "კარგად" ("kargad") and "ცოტა" ("tsota") have irregular forms in the superlative degree. We use the word "უყვარდეთი" ("uqvardeti") before the adverb to indicate the superlative degree.
| 5. ძლიერი | E. უფრო ძლიერი |


== Comparison of Equality ==
'''Answers:'''


In addition to the comparative and superlative degrees, Georgian also has a way to express comparison of equality. This form is used when two entities possess an equal degree of a quality or characteristic.
1 - C, 2 - B, 3 - A, 4 - D, 5 - E


To express comparison of equality in Georgian, we use the word "იგავი" ("igavi") before the adjective or adverb, followed by the word "როგორც" ("rogorkh") and the other entity being compared. Let's see some examples:
==== Exercise 4: Create Sentences ====


=== Comparison of Equality with Adjectives ===
Using the adjectives provided, create sentences comparing two things.


{| class="wikitable"
1. სწრაფი (fast)
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| მარგალიტელი (margaliteli) || [mar.ga.li.te.li] || beautiful
|-
| იგავი როგორც მე (igavi rogorkh margaliteli) || [i.ɡɑ.vi ɾɔ.ɡɔɾ.χʼi maɾ.ɡɑ.li.te.li] || as beautiful as me
|-
| იგავი როგორც ის (igavi rogorkh is) || [i.ɡɑ.vi ɾɔ.ɡɔɾ.χʼi is] || as beautiful as him/her
|}


In the examples above, we use the word "იგავი" ("igavi"), followed by "როგორც" ("rogorkh") and the entity being compared, to express comparison of equality with adjectives.
2. ლამაზი (beautiful)


=== Comparison of Equality with Adverbs ===
3. ძველი (old)


{| class="wikitable"
4. დიდი (big)
! Georgian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ხმამაღლებით (khmamaghlebit) || [xmɑ.mɑ.ɣlɛ.bit] || loudly
|-
| იგავი როგორც მე (igavi rogorkh khmamaghlebit) || [i.ɡɑ.vi ɾɔ.ɡɔɾ.χʼi xmɑ.mɑ.ɣlɛ.bit] || as loudly as me
|-
| იგავი როგორც ის (igavi rogorkh is) || [i.ɡɑ.vi ɾɔ.ɡɔɾ.χʼi is] || as loudly as him/her
|}


In the examples above, we use the word "იგავი" ("igavi"), followed by "როგორც" ("rogorkh") and the entity being compared, to express comparison of equality with adverbs.
5. ჭკვიანი (smart)


== Regional Variations and Cultural Insights ==
'''Example Answers:'''


The usage and understanding of comparison in Georgian are generally consistent across regions. However, it is worth noting that certain dialects may have slight variations in pronunciation or vocabulary related to comparison. These variations are often influenced by local customs, historical factors, and neighboring language influences.
1. ჩემი მანქანა უფრო სწრაფია ვიდრე შენი. (My car is faster than yours.)


In Georgian culture, the art of comparison is highly valued and often used in everyday conversations. Georgians take pride in their ability to vividly describe and compare various aspects of life, such as nature, food, and even personal experiences. Comparisons are frequently used in literature, poetry, and traditional songs, enriching the cultural heritage of the Georgian people.
2. ეს სურათი უფრო ლამაზია ვიდრე ის. (This picture is more beautiful than that one.)


== Exercises ==
3. ეს შენობა უფრო ძველია ვიდრე ის. (This building is older than that one.)


Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding of forming and comparing adjectives and adverbs in Georgian.
4. მისი სახლი უფრო დიდია ვიდრე ჩემი. (His house is bigger than mine.)


Exercise 1: Forming the Comparative Degree
5. ის სტუდენტი უფრო ჭკვიანია ვიდრე მე. (That student is smarter than me.)
Convert the following adjectives and adverbs to their comparative degrees:


* კარგი (kargi) - good
==== Exercise 5: Superlative Forms ====
* მარგალიტელი (margaliteli) - beautiful
* მარგალიტელიკაცი (margalitelkatsi) - the most beautiful
* სწორად (stsorad) - correctly
* ხმამაღლებით (khmamaghlebit) - loudly


Exercise 2: Forming the Superlative Degree
Convert the following adjectives into their superlative forms.
Convert the following adjectives and adverbs to their superlative degrees:


* გრძელი (grdzeli) - tall
1. მაღალი
* უყვარდეთი (uqvardeti) - the tallest
* კარგი (kargi) - good
* უყვარდეთი (uqvardeti) - the best
* სწორად (stsorad) - correctly


Exercise 3: Comparison of Equality
2. ლამაზი
Complete the following sentences using the appropriate forms of comparison of equality:


* მე მარგალიტელი ვარ, როგორც _____. (me margaliteli var, rogorkh _____.) - I am as beautiful as ____.
3. ძველი
* ____ მარგალიტელია, როგორც ის. (____ margalitelia, rogorkh is.) - ____ is as beautiful as him/her.
* ჩემი ხმა იგავს, როგორც _____. (chemi khma igavs, rogorkh _____.) - My voice is as loud as ____.


== Solutions ==
4. ძლიერი


Exercise 1: Forming the Comparative Degree
5. სწრაფი


* კარგი (kargi) - უფრო კარგი (upro kargi)
'''Answers:'''
* მარგალიტელი (margaliteli) - მარგალიტელმე (margalitelme)
* მარგალიტელიკაცი (margalitelkatsi) - უფრო მარგალიტელიკაცი (upro margalitelkatsi)
* სწორად (stsorad) - სწორადმე (stsoradme)
* ხმამაღლებით (khmamaghlebit) - ხმამაღლებითმე (khmamaghlebitme)


Exercise 2: Forming the Superlative Degree
1. ყველაზე მაღალი


* გრძელი (grdzeli) - უყვარდეთი (uqvardeti)
2. ყველაზე ლამაზი
* უყვარდეთი (uqvardeti) - უყვარდეთიკაცი (uqvardetikatsi)
* კარგი (kargi) - უყვარდეთი (uqvardeti)
* უყვარდეთი (uqvardeti) - უყვარდეთი (uqvardeti)
* სწორად (stsorad) - უყვარდეთი (uqvardeti)


Exercise 3: Comparison of Equality
3. ყველაზე ძველი


* მე მარგალიტელი ვარ, როგორც _____. (me margaliteli var, rogorkh _____.) - I am as beautiful as ____.
4. ყველაზე ძლიერი
* ____ მარგალიტელია, როგორც ის. (____ margalitelia, rogorkh is.) - ____ is as beautiful as him/her.
* ჩემი ხმა იგავს, როგორც _____. (chemi khma igavs, rogorkh _____.) - My voice is as loud as ____.


Solutions:
5. ყველაზე სწრაფი


* მე მარგალიტელი ვარ, როგორც შენ. (me margaliteli var, rogorkh shen.) - I am as beautiful as you.
=== Conclusion ===
* შენ მარგალიტელია, როგორც ის. (shen margalitelia, rogorkh is.) - You are as beautiful as him/her.
* ჩემი ხმა იგავს, როგორც ისეთია. (chemi khma igavs, rogorkh isetia.) - My voice is as loud as his/hers.


== Conclusion ==
Congratulations! You've successfully learned how to form and use comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs in Georgian. This skill will undoubtedly help you express yourself more clearly and accurately in your conversations.


Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form and compare adjectives and adverbs in Georgian. The ability to express comparison is a valuable skill that will greatly enhance your language proficiency. Keep practicing and applying these concepts in your Georgian conversations, and soon you will master the art of comparison. Well done!
As you continue practicing, try to incorporate these new comparisons into your daily discussions. The more you use them, the more natural they will become!


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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 15:17, 1 August 2024

◀️ Adjective Agreement — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Money and Currency ▶️

Georgian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Georgian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Comparison

Welcome, dear students! Today, we will embark on an exciting journey into the world of Georgian adjectives and adverbs. Understanding how to compare these parts of speech is crucial for expressing differences and similarities in your conversations. Whether you're chatting about the weather, discussing your favorite foods, or comparing your favorite athletes, the ability to use adjectives and adverbs effectively will enhance your communication skills in Georgian.

Lesson Outline[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will cover the following key points:

  • The importance of comparison in the Georgian language
  • How to form comparative and superlative adjectives
  • How to form comparative adverbs
  • Examples to illustrate each concept
  • Exercises to practice what you've learned

So, let's dive in!

The Importance of Comparison in Georgian[edit | edit source]

In Georgian, comparison allows you to express how things relate to one another. For instance, you might want to say that one dish is tastier than another or that a friend is taller than you. The ability to compare helps you describe the world around you with greater detail and nuance.

In Georgian, adjectives and adverbs can both be compared, enhancing your ability to communicate effectively. Let’s explore how to form comparisons in both areas.

Forming Comparative and Superlative Adjectives[edit | edit source]

In Georgian, adjectives can be compared in two main ways: using the comparative form and the superlative form.

Comparative Adjectives[edit | edit source]

To form the comparative adjective in Georgian, you typically add the suffix -er or use the word მეტი (meti) meaning "more" before the adjective.

Here is a simple structure to remember:

  • Positive: დიდი (didi) - big
  • Comparative: უფრო დიდი (ufro didi) - bigger

Let's look at some examples:

Georgian Pronunciation English
მაღალი maghali tall
უფრო მაღალი ufro maghali taller
პატარა pat'ara small
უფრო პატარა ufro pat'ara smaller
სწრაფი sts'rap'i fast
უფრო სწრაფი ufro sts'rap'i faster
სუსტი sust'i weak
უფრო სუსტი ufro sust'i weaker
ჭკვიანი ch'k'viani smart
უფრო ჭკვიანი ufro ch'k'viani smarter

Superlative Adjectives[edit | edit source]

To form the superlative, you can use the word მოუწინავე (mouts'inave) meaning "the most" or the suffix -est.

  • Positive: კარგი (k'argi) - good
  • Superlative: ყველაზე კარგი (q'velaze k'argi) - the best

Here are some examples:

Georgian Pronunciation English
ლამაზი lamazi beautiful
ყველაზე ლამაზი q'velaze lamazi the most beautiful
ძველი dzveli old
ყველაზე ძველი q'velaze dzveli the oldest
ახალი akhali new
ყველაზე ახალი q'velaze akhali the newest
ძლიერი dzlieri strong
ყველაზე ძლიერი q'velaze dzlieri the strongest
სწრაფი sts'rap'i fast
ყველაზე სწრაფი q'velaze sts'rap'i the fastest

Forming Comparative Adverbs[edit | edit source]

Just like adjectives, adverbs can also be compared. In Georgian, you can compare adverbs by using მეტი (meti) for "more" or მესამე (mesame) for "the most."

Comparative Adverbs[edit | edit source]

Here’s how you can form comparative adverbs:

  • Positive: სწრაფად (sts'rapad) - quickly
  • Comparative: უფრო სწრაფად (ufro sts'rapad) - more quickly

Let’s look at some examples:

Georgian Pronunciation English
ნელა nela slowly
უფრო ნელა ufro nela more slowly
კარგად k'argad well
უფრო კარგად ufro k'argad better
მაღლა maghla high
უფრო მაღლა ufro maghla higher
ცოტათი ts'ot'ati a little
უფრო ცოტათი ufro ts'ot'ati a bit more
კარგად k'argad well
უფრო კარგად ufro k'argad better

Summary[edit | edit source]

In summary, forming comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs in Georgian is essential for describing relationships and differences. You now have the tools to express comparisons confidently!

Now, let's practice what we've learned with some exercises.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Here are some exercises to help you practice forming and using comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences using the correct comparative form of the adjectives in parentheses.

1. This book is ___ (good) than that one.

2. I run ___ (fast) than my brother.

3. She is ___ (tall) than her sister.

4. This car is ___ (new) than my old one.

5. He is the ___ (smart) student in the class.

Answers:

1. better (კარგი -> უკეთესი)

2. faster (სწრაფი -> უფრო სწრაფი)

3. taller (მაღალი -> უფრო მაღალი)

4. newer (ახალი -> უფრო ახალი)

5. smartest (ჭკვიანი -> ყველაზე ჭკვიანი)

Exercise 2: Comparative Adverbs[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the following sentences using the comparative form of the adverbs in parentheses.

1. She sings ___ (well) than I do.

2. He works ___ (hard) than anyone else.

3. They arrived ___ (early) than expected.

4. This task is completed ___ (quickly) than the last one.

5. She speaks ___ (clearly) than before.

Answers:

1. better (კარგად -> უკეთ)

2. harder (მუდმივად -> უფრო მძლავრად)

3. earlier (დროებით -> უფრო ადრე)

4. more quickly (სწრაფად -> უფრო სწრაფად)

5. more clearly ( rõ rõ -> უფრო მკაფიოდ)

Exercise 3: Match the Adjective with its Comparative Form[edit | edit source]

Match the adjectives in column A with their comparative forms in column B.

| Column A | Column B |

|----------|----------|

| 1. დიდი | A. უფრო მაღალი |

| 2. პატარა | B. უფრო პატარა |

| 3. კარგი | C. უფრო კარგი |

| 4. ძველი | D. უფრო ძველი |

| 5. ძლიერი | E. უფრო ძლიერი |

Answers:

1 - C, 2 - B, 3 - A, 4 - D, 5 - E

Exercise 4: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the adjectives provided, create sentences comparing two things.

1. სწრაფი (fast)

2. ლამაზი (beautiful)

3. ძველი (old)

4. დიდი (big)

5. ჭკვიანი (smart)

Example Answers:

1. ჩემი მანქანა უფრო სწრაფია ვიდრე შენი. (My car is faster than yours.)

2. ეს სურათი უფრო ლამაზია ვიდრე ის. (This picture is more beautiful than that one.)

3. ეს შენობა უფრო ძველია ვიდრე ის. (This building is older than that one.)

4. მისი სახლი უფრო დიდია ვიდრე ჩემი. (His house is bigger than mine.)

5. ის სტუდენტი უფრო ჭკვიანია ვიდრე მე. (That student is smarter than me.)

Exercise 5: Superlative Forms[edit | edit source]

Convert the following adjectives into their superlative forms.

1. მაღალი

2. ლამაზი

3. ძველი

4. ძლიერი

5. სწრაფი

Answers:

1. ყველაზე მაღალი

2. ყველაზე ლამაზი

3. ყველაზე ძველი

4. ყველაზე ძლიერი

5. ყველაზე სწრაფი

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You've successfully learned how to form and use comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs in Georgian. This skill will undoubtedly help you express yourself more clearly and accurately in your conversations.

As you continue practicing, try to incorporate these new comparisons into your daily discussions. The more you use them, the more natural they will become!

Table of Contents - Georgian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Alphabet and Sounds


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Cases


Family and Relationships


Food and Drink


Verbs and Tenses


Transportation and Directions


Holidays and Celebrations


Adjectives and Adverbs


Shopping and Services


Arts and Entertainment


Prepositions


Work and Employment


Georgian History and Geography

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Adjective Agreement — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Money and Currency ▶️

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