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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Russian|Russian]]  → [[Language/Russian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Conjugation → Past Tense</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Russian|Russian]]  → [[Language/Russian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Past Tense</div>


{{#seo:
Welcome to the lesson on the '''Past Tense''' in Russian! Understanding the past tense is crucial for anyone looking to communicate effectively in Russian. It allows you to express actions that have already occurred, share experiences, and tell stories, which is an essential part of any language. In this lesson, you will learn how to form the past tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending and the noun's gender.
|title=Russian Grammar → Verbs and Conjugation → Past Tense
 
|keywords=Russian grammar, Russian verbs, Russian conjugation, past tense in Russian
In Russian, verbs change their form based on the time they represent. While the present tense can be quite straightforward, the past tense requires attention to gender and number, making it a bit more complex. However, don't worry—by the end of this lesson, you'll feel confident using the past tense in your conversations!
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form the past tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending and the noun's gender.
 
}}
__TOC__
 
=== The Basics of Past Tense ===
 
The past tense in Russian is a bit like a time machine; it takes you back to events that have already happened. When forming the past tense, the verb changes based on the gender of the subject and whether it is singular or plural.


==Introduction==
==== Gender and Number ====


Welcome to the lesson on the past tense in Russian! In this lesson, we will explore how to form the past tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending and the noun's gender. The past tense is used to talk about actions that have already happened in the past. By mastering the past tense, you will be able to express yourself more accurately and effectively in Russian.
In Russian, nouns and adjectives have genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. The past tense verb forms are adjusted according to the gender of the subject. Here’s how it works:


To form the past tense in Russian, we need to consider both the verb's ending and the noun's gender. In Russian, there are three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Each gender has its own set of rules for conjugating verbs in the past tense. We will explore these rules in detail in the following sections.
* '''Masculine Singular''': The verb typically ends in -л.


{{TOC}}
* '''Feminine Singular''': The verb changes to end in -ла.


===Regular Verbs===
* '''Neuter Singular''': The verb changes to end in -ло.


Let's start by looking at how to form the past tense for regular verbs in Russian. Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern of conjugation based on their endings. To form the past tense, we need to add specific endings to the verb stem.
* '''Plural (all genders)''': The verb ends in -ли.


For regular verbs ending in -ать, we remove -ть and add -л for masculine nouns, -ла for feminine nouns, and -ло for neuter nouns. For example:
Let’s look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| говорить || [gəvɐˈrʲitʲ] || to speak
 
| он пошёл  || on poshól || he went
 
|-
|-
| он говорил || [on gəvɐˈrʲil] || he spoke
 
| она пошла  || ona poshlá || she went
 
|-
|-
| она говорила || [ɐˈna gəvɐˈrʲilə] || she spoke
 
| оно пошло  || ono poshló || it went
 
|-
|-
| это говорило || [ˈɛto gəvɐˈrʲilo] || it spoke
 
| они пошли  || oni poshli || they went
 
|}
|}


For regular verbs ending in -ить, we remove -ть and add -л for masculine and neuter nouns, and -ла for feminine nouns. For example:
=== Conjugation Patterns ===
 
To form the past tense, we generally take the infinitive form of the verb, remove the infinitive ending, and add the appropriate past tense ending based on the gender and number.
 
For regular verbs, the endings will follow these patterns:
 
* '''Infinitive ending -ть'''
 
* Masculine: -л
 
* Feminine: -ла
 
* Neuter: -ло
 
* Plural: -ли
 
Let’s see some examples with the verb "читать" (to read):


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| писать || [pʲɪˈsatʲ] || to write
 
| он читал  || on chitál || he read
 
|-
|-
| он писал || [on pʲɪˈsal] || he wrote
 
| она читала  || ona chitála || she read
 
|-
|-
| она писала || [ɐˈna pʲɪˈsalə] || she wrote
 
| оно читало  || ono chitálo || it read
 
|-
|-
| это писало || [ˈɛto pʲɪˈsalə] || it wrote
 
| они читали  || oni chitáli || they read
 
|}
|}


For regular verbs ending in -еть, we remove -ть and add -л for masculine nouns, -ла for feminine nouns, and -ло for neuter nouns. For example:
=== Irregular Verbs ===
 
Some verbs may not follow regular patterns and have irregular forms. It's important to memorize these forms as they appear. For instance, the verb "идти" (to go) has the past tense forms:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| видеть || [vʲɪˈdʲetʲ] || to see
 
| он шёл  || on shól || he went
 
|-
|-
| он видел || [on vʲɪˈdʲɛl] || he saw
 
| она шла  || ona shlá || she went
 
|-
|-
| она видела || [ɐˈna vʲɪˈdʲɛlə] || she saw
 
| оно шло  || ono shló || it went
 
|-
|-
| это видело || [ˈɛto vʲɪˈdʲɛlo] || it saw
 
| они шли  || oni shlí || they went
 
|}
|}


It is important to note that these are just examples of regular verbs. There are irregular verbs in Russian that do not follow these patterns. We will cover irregular verbs in a later lesson.
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that you understand the rules, let’s put your knowledge to the test!


===Verbs with Stem Changes===
1. '''Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense form:'''


Some verbs undergo stem changes in the past tense. Stem changes occur when the verb stem changes its form before adding the past tense endings. Let's take a look at a few examples:
* Я (писать) _______ письмо. (I wrote a letter.)


The verb "делать" (to do) changes its stem to "делал" in the past tense:
* Он (играть) _______ в футбол. (He played football.)


{| class="wikitable"
* Она (смотреть) _______ фильм. (She watched a movie.)
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
* Мы (путешествовать) _______ летом. (We traveled in summer.)
| делать || [dʲɪˈlatʲ] || to do
 
|-
'''Answers:'''
| он делал || [on dʲɪˈlal] || he did
 
|-
1. Я написал (masculine) / Я написала (feminine) письмо.
| она делала || [ɐˈna dʲɪˈlala] || she did
 
|-
2. Он играл в футбол.
| это делало || [ˈɛto dʲɪˈlalo] || it did
 
|}
3. Она смотрела фильм.
 
4. Мы путешествовали летом.
 
2. '''Match the sentences:'''
 
* a) Он купил книгу. (He bought a book.)
 
* b) Они поехали на море. (They went to the sea.)
 
* c) Она готовила ужин. (She cooked dinner.)
 
* d) Я видел её. (I saw her.)
 
'''Answers:'''
 
a) - He bought a book.
 
b) - They went to the sea.
 
c) - She cooked dinner.
 
d) - I saw her.
 
3. '''Translate the following sentences to Russian:'''
 
* They played in the park.
 
* She listened to music.
 
* He cooked breakfast.
 
'''Answers:'''
 
* Они играли в парке.
 
* Она слушала музыку.
 
* Он готовил завтрак.
 
4. '''Conjugate the following verbs in the past tense:'''
 
* говорить (to speak)
 
* прыгать (to jump)
 
* работать (to work)
 
'''Answers:'''
 
* он говорил / она говорила / они говорили
 
* он прыгал / она прыгала / они прыгали
 
* он работал / она работала / они работали
 
5. '''Identify the gender of the subject and change the verb accordingly:'''
 
* Она (бежать) _______ быстро. (She ran fast.)
 
* Он (плавать) _______ в реке. (He swam in the river.)
 
'''Answers:'''
 
* Она бегала быстро.
 
* Он плавал в реке.
 
6. '''Change the following sentences to the past tense:'''
 
* Я (есть) яблоко. (I eat an apple.)
 
* Мы (идти) в кино. (We go to the cinema.)
 
'''Answers:'''
 
* Я ел (masculine) / Я ела (feminine) яблоко.
 
* Мы шли в кино.
 
7. '''Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb:'''
 
* Ты (петь) _______ песню. (You sang a song.)


The verb "есть" (to eat) changes its stem to "ел" in the past tense:
* Они (работать) _______ весь день. (They worked all day.)


{| class="wikitable"
'''Answers:'''
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| есть || [jɛstʲ] || to eat
|-
| он ел || [on jɛl] || he ate
|-
| она ела || [ɐˈna jɛla] || she ate
|-
| это ело || [ˈɛto jɛlo] || it ate
|}


These are just a few examples of verbs with stem changes in the past tense. It is important to familiarize yourself with these irregularities as you progress in your Russian language learning journey.
* Ты пел (masculine) / Ты пела (feminine) песню.


===Verbs with Gender Agreement===
* Они работали весь день.


In addition to considering the verb's ending, we also need to take into account the noun's gender when conjugating verbs in the past tense. The past tense endings for regular verbs change based on the noun's gender.
8. '''Fill in the past tense forms in the sentences:'''


For masculine nouns, we add -л to the verb stem. For feminine nouns, we add -ла, and for neuter nouns, we add -ло. Let's see some examples:
* Он (сказать) _______ правду. (He told the truth.)


For a masculine noun:
* Мы (позвонить) _______ другу. (We called a friend.)


{| class="wikitable"
'''Answers:'''
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| писать || [pʲɪˈsatʲ] || to write
|-
| он писал письмо || [on pʲɪˈsal ˈpʲismə] || he wrote a letter
|}


For a feminine noun:
* Он сказал правду.


{| class="wikitable"
* Мы позвонили другу.
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| писать || [pʲɪˈsatʲ] || to write
|-
| она писала письмо || [ɐˈna pʲɪˈsalə ˈpʲismə] || she wrote a letter
|}


For a neuter noun:
9. '''Write your own sentences in the past tense about what you did yesterday.'''


{| class="wikitable"
10. '''Choose the correct past tense forms of the verbs:'''
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| писать || [pʲɪˈsatʲ] || to write
|-
| это писало письмо || [ˈɛto pʲɪˈsalə ˈpʲismə] || it wrote a letter
|}


It is important to remember that the past tense endings need to agree with the noun's gender. This is an essential aspect of Russian grammar that will help you communicate accurately and fluently in the past tense.
* Она (пойти) _______ в магазин. (She went to the store.)


==Practice==
* Мы (смотреть) _______ телевизор. (We watched TV.)


Now that we have covered the rules for forming the past tense in Russian, it's time to practice! Here are some exercises to help reinforce what you have learned:
'''Answers:'''


1. Conjugate the following regular verbs in the past tense based on the given noun's gender:
* Она пошла в магазин.


* гулять (to walk) - masculine noun "парк" (park)
* Мы смотрели телевизор.
* гулять (to walk) - feminine noun "улица" (street)
* гулять (to walk) - neuter noun "озеро" (lake)


2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the past tense for the given verb:
=== Summary ===


* Я ________ (говорить) с ним вчера. (I spoke to him yesterday.)
In this lesson, you’ve learned how to form the past tense of Russian verbs, focusing on how to conjugate them based on gender and number. We’ve covered regular and irregular verbs and provided plenty of examples to illustrate the rules. With practice exercises, you can apply what you've learned and reinforce your understanding.  
* Он ________ (делать) задание на прошлой неделе. (He did the assignment last week.)
* Мы ________ (писать) письмо своим друзьям. (We wrote a letter to our friends.)


3. Translate the following sentences into Russian using the past tense:
Keep practicing, and soon you’ll be able to express all your past experiences in Russian!


* I saw a beautiful sunset yesterday.
{{#seo:
* She cooked a delicious meal for her family.
* They visited the museum last week.


Take your time to complete the exercises and check your answers. Practice is key to mastering the past tense in Russian!
|title=Learn Russian Past Tense Grammar


==Conclusion==
|keywords=Russian grammar, past tense, Russian verbs, language learning


Congratulations on completing the lesson on the past tense in Russian! In this lesson, you learned how to form the past tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending and the noun's gender. Remember to practice regularly to reinforce your knowledge and improve your skills in using the past tense.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form the past tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending and the noun's gender.


In the next lesson, we will explore another important aspect of Russian grammar: the future tense. Stay motivated and continue your journey towards becoming proficient in the Russian language!
}}


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==Videos==
==Videos==

Latest revision as of 22:43, 1 August 2024

◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Common Foods ▶️

Russian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Russian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Past Tense

Welcome to the lesson on the Past Tense in Russian! Understanding the past tense is crucial for anyone looking to communicate effectively in Russian. It allows you to express actions that have already occurred, share experiences, and tell stories, which is an essential part of any language. In this lesson, you will learn how to form the past tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending and the noun's gender.

In Russian, verbs change their form based on the time they represent. While the present tense can be quite straightforward, the past tense requires attention to gender and number, making it a bit more complex. However, don't worry—by the end of this lesson, you'll feel confident using the past tense in your conversations!

The Basics of Past Tense[edit | edit source]

The past tense in Russian is a bit like a time machine; it takes you back to events that have already happened. When forming the past tense, the verb changes based on the gender of the subject and whether it is singular or plural.

Gender and Number[edit | edit source]

In Russian, nouns and adjectives have genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. The past tense verb forms are adjusted according to the gender of the subject. Here’s how it works:

  • Masculine Singular: The verb typically ends in -л.
  • Feminine Singular: The verb changes to end in -ла.
  • Neuter Singular: The verb changes to end in -ло.
  • Plural (all genders): The verb ends in -ли.

Let’s look at some examples:

Russian Pronunciation English
он пошёл on poshól he went
она пошла ona poshlá she went
оно пошло ono poshló it went
они пошли oni poshli they went

Conjugation Patterns[edit | edit source]

To form the past tense, we generally take the infinitive form of the verb, remove the infinitive ending, and add the appropriate past tense ending based on the gender and number.

For regular verbs, the endings will follow these patterns:

  • Infinitive ending -ть
  • Masculine: -л
  • Feminine: -ла
  • Neuter: -ло
  • Plural: -ли

Let’s see some examples with the verb "читать" (to read):

Russian Pronunciation English
он читал on chitál he read
она читала ona chitála she read
оно читало ono chitálo it read
они читали oni chitáli they read

Irregular Verbs[edit | edit source]

Some verbs may not follow regular patterns and have irregular forms. It's important to memorize these forms as they appear. For instance, the verb "идти" (to go) has the past tense forms:

Russian Pronunciation English
он шёл on shól he went
она шла ona shlá she went
оно шло ono shló it went
они шли oni shlí they went

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you understand the rules, let’s put your knowledge to the test!

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense form:

  • Я (писать) _______ письмо. (I wrote a letter.)
  • Он (играть) _______ в футбол. (He played football.)
  • Она (смотреть) _______ фильм. (She watched a movie.)
  • Мы (путешествовать) _______ летом. (We traveled in summer.)

Answers:

1. Я написал (masculine) / Я написала (feminine) письмо.

2. Он играл в футбол.

3. Она смотрела фильм.

4. Мы путешествовали летом.

2. Match the sentences:

  • a) Он купил книгу. (He bought a book.)
  • b) Они поехали на море. (They went to the sea.)
  • c) Она готовила ужин. (She cooked dinner.)
  • d) Я видел её. (I saw her.)

Answers:

a) - He bought a book.

b) - They went to the sea.

c) - She cooked dinner.

d) - I saw her.

3. Translate the following sentences to Russian:

  • They played in the park.
  • She listened to music.
  • He cooked breakfast.

Answers:

  • Они играли в парке.
  • Она слушала музыку.
  • Он готовил завтрак.

4. Conjugate the following verbs in the past tense:

  • говорить (to speak)
  • прыгать (to jump)
  • работать (to work)

Answers:

  • он говорил / она говорила / они говорили
  • он прыгал / она прыгала / они прыгали
  • он работал / она работала / они работали

5. Identify the gender of the subject and change the verb accordingly:

  • Она (бежать) _______ быстро. (She ran fast.)
  • Он (плавать) _______ в реке. (He swam in the river.)

Answers:

  • Она бегала быстро.
  • Он плавал в реке.

6. Change the following sentences to the past tense:

  • Я (есть) яблоко. (I eat an apple.)
  • Мы (идти) в кино. (We go to the cinema.)

Answers:

  • Я ел (masculine) / Я ела (feminine) яблоко.
  • Мы шли в кино.

7. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb:

  • Ты (петь) _______ песню. (You sang a song.)
  • Они (работать) _______ весь день. (They worked all day.)

Answers:

  • Ты пел (masculine) / Ты пела (feminine) песню.
  • Они работали весь день.

8. Fill in the past tense forms in the sentences:

  • Он (сказать) _______ правду. (He told the truth.)
  • Мы (позвонить) _______ другу. (We called a friend.)

Answers:

  • Он сказал правду.
  • Мы позвонили другу.

9. Write your own sentences in the past tense about what you did yesterday.

10. Choose the correct past tense forms of the verbs:

  • Она (пойти) _______ в магазин. (She went to the store.)
  • Мы (смотреть) _______ телевизор. (We watched TV.)

Answers:

  • Она пошла в магазин.
  • Мы смотрели телевизор.

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, you’ve learned how to form the past tense of Russian verbs, focusing on how to conjugate them based on gender and number. We’ve covered regular and irregular verbs and provided plenty of examples to illustrate the rules. With practice exercises, you can apply what you've learned and reinforce your understanding.

Keep practicing, and soon you’ll be able to express all your past experiences in Russian!

Table of Contents - Russian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Basic Phrases and Greetings


Nouns and Gender


Numbers and Time


Cases and Prepositions


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Conjugation


Food and Dining


Russian Traditions and Holidays


Travel and Transportation


Adjectives and Adverbs


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Russian Literature and Arts

Videos[edit | edit source]

Forming the Past Tense in Russian - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Russian conjugation: Present, Past and Future tense - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Russian grammar - Past Tense, прошедшее время - времена в ...[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Common Foods ▶️

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