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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Russian|Russian]]  → [[Language/Russian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Past Tense</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Russian|Russian]]  → [[Language/Russian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Conjugation → Past Tense</div>
Welcome to the lesson on the '''Past Tense''' in Russian! Understanding the past tense is crucial for anyone looking to communicate effectively in Russian. It allows you to express actions that have already occurred, share experiences, and tell stories, which is an essential part of any language. In this lesson, you will learn how to form the past tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending and the noun's gender.
 
In Russian, verbs change their form based on the time they represent. While the present tense can be quite straightforward, the past tense requires attention to gender and number, making it a bit more complex. However, don't worry—by the end of this lesson, you'll feel confident using the past tense in your conversations!


__TOC__
__TOC__


As a Russian language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I know that learning verb conjugation in any language can be a challenge. But don't worry, I'm here to guide you through the Russian past tense! In this lesson, you will learn how to form the past tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending and the noun's gender. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to communicate about past events and actions in Russian.
=== The Basics of Past Tense ===
 
The past tense in Russian is a bit like a time machine; it takes you back to events that have already happened. When forming the past tense, the verb changes based on the gender of the subject and whether it is singular or plural.
 
==== Gender and Number ====
 
In Russian, nouns and adjectives have genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. The past tense verb forms are adjusted according to the gender of the subject. Here’s how it works:
 
* '''Masculine Singular''': The verb typically ends in -л.
 
* '''Feminine Singular''': The verb changes to end in -ла.
 
* '''Neuter Singular''': The verb changes to end in -ло.
 
* '''Plural (all genders)''': The verb ends in -ли.
 
Let’s look at some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| он пошёл  || on poshól || he went
 
|-
 
| она пошла  || ona poshlá || she went
 
|-
 
| оно пошло  || ono poshló || it went
 
|-
 
| они пошли  || oni poshli || they went
 
|}
 
=== Conjugation Patterns ===
 
To form the past tense, we generally take the infinitive form of the verb, remove the infinitive ending, and add the appropriate past tense ending based on the gender and number.
 
For regular verbs, the endings will follow these patterns:
 
* '''Infinitive ending -ть'''
 
* Masculine: -л


* Feminine: -ла


<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: [[Language/Russian/Grammar/How-to-Use-be|How to Use be]] & [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Instrumental-Case|Instrumental Case]].</span>
* Neuter: -ло
== Understanding the Past Tense in Russian ==


In order to use the past tense in Russian, we need to identify the verb's ending. Like with the present tense, Russian verbs change depending on who is doing the action, whether it's me, you or they. However, unlike the present tense, the past tense also requires us to take into account the gender of the noun.
* Plural: -ли


The verb endings will either end in -л, -ла, -ло, or -ли. In other words, the ending of the past tense verb will depend on the gender of the noun that comes before the verb.
Let’s see some examples with the verb "читать" (to read):


Let me give you an example:
{| class="wikitable"


If the gender of the noun is masculine, the past tense verb will end in -л, i.e., "играл" (played). If the gender of the noun is feminine, the past tense verb will end in -ла, i.e., "читала" (read). If the gender of the noun is neuter, the past tense verb will end in -ло, i.e., "писало" (wrote). Finally, if the gender of the noun is plural, the past tense verb will end in -ли, i.e., "знали" (knew).
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English


== Examples ==
|-


Here are some examples of past tense verbs with different noun genders:
| он читал  || on chitál || he read
 
|-
 
| она читала  || ona chitála || she read
 
|-
 
| оно читало  || ono chitálo || it read
 
|-
 
| они читали  || oni chitáli || they read
 
|}
 
=== Irregular Verbs ===
 
Some verbs may not follow regular patterns and have irregular forms. It's important to memorize these forms as they appear. For instance, the verb "идти" (to go) has the past tense forms:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Играл || Ee-gral || Played (masculine)
 
| он шёл  || on shól || he went
 
|-
|-
| Читала || Chee-ta-la || Read (feminine)
 
| она шла  || ona shlá || she went
 
|-
|-
| Писало || Piss-a-la || Wrote (neuter)
 
| оно шло  || ono shló || it went
 
|-
|-
| Знали || Zna-li || Knew (plural)
 
| они шли  || oni shlí || they went
 
|}
|}


== Forming the Past Tense in Russian ==
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that you understand the rules, let’s put your knowledge to the test!
 
1. '''Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense form:'''
 
* Я (писать) _______ письмо. (I wrote a letter.)
 
* Он (играть) _______ в футбол. (He played football.)
 
* Она (смотреть) _______ фильм. (She watched a movie.)
 
* Мы (путешествовать) _______ летом. (We traveled in summer.)


Let's take a closer look at how to form the past tense in Russian. The basic rule is to remove the infinitive ending (-ть, -чь, -ти, etc.) and add the appropriate ending (-л, -ла, -ло, -ли) depending on the gender of the noun that comes before the verb. But there are some additional rules and exceptions that we need to keep in mind.
'''Answers:'''


1. If the verb stem ends in a consonant, then при-, про-, and вы- are added before the verb stem to create the past tense. For example:
1. Я написал (masculine) / Я написала (feminine) письмо.


- Смотреть (to watch) becomes Посмотрел (watched)
2. Он играл в футбол.
- Говорить (to speak) becomes Выговорил (spoke out)
- Делать (to do) becomes Сделал (did)


2. If the verb stem ends with a vowel, then -л is added. For example:
3. Она смотрела фильм.


- Гулять (to walk) becomes гулял (walked)
4. Мы путешествовали летом.
- Жить (to live) becomes жил (lived)


3. For some verbs, the stem may change somewhere in the word. For example:
2. '''Match the sentences:'''


- Носить (to wear) becomes Нёс (wore)
* a) Он купил книгу. (He bought a book.)
- Видеть (to see) becomes Видал (saw)


4. Some verbs are irregular and do not follow any specific pattern. Some examples are:
* b) Они поехали на море. (They went to the sea.)


- Идти (to go) becomes Шёл (went)
* c) Она готовила ужин. (She cooked dinner.)
- Быть (to be) becomes Был (was)


== Practice ==
* d) Я видел её. (I saw her.)


Here are some exercises to help you practice forming the past tense in Russian:
'''Answers:'''


1. Я ___ домой (I went home).
a) - He bought a book.
- Answer: Я пошел домой. (I went home.)


2. Она ___ на собрание (She went to the meeting).
b) - They went to the sea.
- Answer: Она пошла на собрание. (She went to the meeting.)


3. Он ___ письмо (He wrote a letter).
c) - She cooked dinner.
- Answer: Он написал письмо. (He wrote a letter.)


4. Мы ___ фильм (We watched a movie).
d) - I saw her.
- Answer: Мы посмотрели фильм. (We watched a movie.)


== Conclusion ==
3. '''Translate the following sentences to Russian:'''


In this lesson, you learned how to form the past tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending and the noun's gender. Keep practicing and don't be afraid to make mistakes! Engaging in regular practice with a tutor or native speaker is an excellent way to reinforce your understanding of Russian verbs and how they change in different tenses. Happy studying!
* They played in the park.


* She listened to music.
* He cooked breakfast.
'''Answers:'''
* Они играли в парке.
* Она слушала музыку.
* Он готовил завтрак.
4. '''Conjugate the following verbs in the past tense:'''
* говорить (to speak)
* прыгать (to jump)
* работать (to work)
'''Answers:'''
* он говорил / она говорила / они говорили
* он прыгал / она прыгала / они прыгали
* он работал / она работала / они работали
5. '''Identify the gender of the subject and change the verb accordingly:'''
* Она (бежать) _______ быстро. (She ran fast.)
* Он (плавать) _______ в реке. (He swam in the river.)
'''Answers:'''
* Она бегала быстро.
* Он плавал в реке.
6. '''Change the following sentences to the past tense:'''
* Я (есть) яблоко. (I eat an apple.)
* Мы (идти) в кино. (We go to the cinema.)
'''Answers:'''
* Я ел (masculine) / Я ела (feminine) яблоко.
* Мы шли в кино.
7. '''Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb:'''
* Ты (петь) _______ песню. (You sang a song.)
* Они (работать) _______ весь день. (They worked all day.)
'''Answers:'''
* Ты пел (masculine) / Ты пела (feminine) песню.
* Они работали весь день.
8. '''Fill in the past tense forms in the sentences:'''
* Он (сказать) _______ правду. (He told the truth.)
* Мы (позвонить) _______ другу. (We called a friend.)
'''Answers:'''
* Он сказал правду.
* Мы позвонили другу.
9. '''Write your own sentences in the past tense about what you did yesterday.'''
10. '''Choose the correct past tense forms of the verbs:'''
* Она (пойти) _______ в магазин. (She went to the store.)
* Мы (смотреть) _______ телевизор. (We watched TV.)
'''Answers:'''
* Она пошла в магазин.
* Мы смотрели телевизор.
=== Summary ===
In this lesson, you’ve learned how to form the past tense of Russian verbs, focusing on how to conjugate them based on gender and number. We’ve covered regular and irregular verbs and provided plenty of examples to illustrate the rules. With practice exercises, you can apply what you've learned and reinforce your understanding.
Keep practicing, and soon you’ll be able to express all your past experiences in Russian!


<span link>Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]] & [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Present-Tense-Conjugations|Present Tense Conjugations]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Russian Grammar → Verbs and Conjugation → Past Tense
 
|keywords=Russian, grammar, verbs, conjugation, past tense, Russian language, lessons, wiki
|title=Learn Russian Past Tense Grammar
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form the past tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending and the noun's gender. Keep practicing and don't be afraid to make mistakes!
 
|keywords=Russian grammar, past tense, Russian verbs, language learning
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form the past tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending and the noun's gender.
 
}}
}}


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==Videos==
==Videos==
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===Russian grammar - Past Tense, прошедшее время - времена в ...===
===Russian grammar - Past Tense, прошедшее время - времена в ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4r2sQTqlww</youtube>
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4r2sQTqlww</youtube>
==Sources==
* [https://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/verbs_past.php Russian Past Tense - Russian Verbs]
* [http://masterrussian.com/aa021500a.shtml Past Tense of the Verb - Learn Russian Grammar]
* [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Grammar/Past_tense Russian/Grammar/Past tense - Wikibooks, open books for an open ...]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
Line 126: Line 316:
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]


<span class='maj'></span>
 
==Sources==
* [https://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/verbs_past.php Russian Past Tense - Russian Verbs]
* [http://masterrussian.com/aa021500a.shtml Past Tense of the Verb - Learn Russian Grammar]
* [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Grammar/Past_tense Russian/Grammar/Past tense - Wikibooks, open books for an open ...]


{{Russian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Russian-Page-Bottom}}
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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"  

Latest revision as of 22:43, 1 August 2024

◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Common Foods ▶️

Russian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Russian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Past Tense

Welcome to the lesson on the Past Tense in Russian! Understanding the past tense is crucial for anyone looking to communicate effectively in Russian. It allows you to express actions that have already occurred, share experiences, and tell stories, which is an essential part of any language. In this lesson, you will learn how to form the past tense of Russian verbs and understand the rules for conjugation based on the verb's ending and the noun's gender.

In Russian, verbs change their form based on the time they represent. While the present tense can be quite straightforward, the past tense requires attention to gender and number, making it a bit more complex. However, don't worry—by the end of this lesson, you'll feel confident using the past tense in your conversations!

The Basics of Past Tense[edit | edit source]

The past tense in Russian is a bit like a time machine; it takes you back to events that have already happened. When forming the past tense, the verb changes based on the gender of the subject and whether it is singular or plural.

Gender and Number[edit | edit source]

In Russian, nouns and adjectives have genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. The past tense verb forms are adjusted according to the gender of the subject. Here’s how it works:

  • Masculine Singular: The verb typically ends in -л.
  • Feminine Singular: The verb changes to end in -ла.
  • Neuter Singular: The verb changes to end in -ло.
  • Plural (all genders): The verb ends in -ли.

Let’s look at some examples:

Russian Pronunciation English
он пошёл on poshól he went
она пошла ona poshlá she went
оно пошло ono poshló it went
они пошли oni poshli they went

Conjugation Patterns[edit | edit source]

To form the past tense, we generally take the infinitive form of the verb, remove the infinitive ending, and add the appropriate past tense ending based on the gender and number.

For regular verbs, the endings will follow these patterns:

  • Infinitive ending -ть
  • Masculine: -л
  • Feminine: -ла
  • Neuter: -ло
  • Plural: -ли

Let’s see some examples with the verb "читать" (to read):

Russian Pronunciation English
он читал on chitál he read
она читала ona chitála she read
оно читало ono chitálo it read
они читали oni chitáli they read

Irregular Verbs[edit | edit source]

Some verbs may not follow regular patterns and have irregular forms. It's important to memorize these forms as they appear. For instance, the verb "идти" (to go) has the past tense forms:

Russian Pronunciation English
он шёл on shól he went
она шла ona shlá she went
оно шло ono shló it went
они шли oni shlí they went

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that you understand the rules, let’s put your knowledge to the test!

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense form:

  • Я (писать) _______ письмо. (I wrote a letter.)
  • Он (играть) _______ в футбол. (He played football.)
  • Она (смотреть) _______ фильм. (She watched a movie.)
  • Мы (путешествовать) _______ летом. (We traveled in summer.)

Answers:

1. Я написал (masculine) / Я написала (feminine) письмо.

2. Он играл в футбол.

3. Она смотрела фильм.

4. Мы путешествовали летом.

2. Match the sentences:

  • a) Он купил книгу. (He bought a book.)
  • b) Они поехали на море. (They went to the sea.)
  • c) Она готовила ужин. (She cooked dinner.)
  • d) Я видел её. (I saw her.)

Answers:

a) - He bought a book.

b) - They went to the sea.

c) - She cooked dinner.

d) - I saw her.

3. Translate the following sentences to Russian:

  • They played in the park.
  • She listened to music.
  • He cooked breakfast.

Answers:

  • Они играли в парке.
  • Она слушала музыку.
  • Он готовил завтрак.

4. Conjugate the following verbs in the past tense:

  • говорить (to speak)
  • прыгать (to jump)
  • работать (to work)

Answers:

  • он говорил / она говорила / они говорили
  • он прыгал / она прыгала / они прыгали
  • он работал / она работала / они работали

5. Identify the gender of the subject and change the verb accordingly:

  • Она (бежать) _______ быстро. (She ran fast.)
  • Он (плавать) _______ в реке. (He swam in the river.)

Answers:

  • Она бегала быстро.
  • Он плавал в реке.

6. Change the following sentences to the past tense:

  • Я (есть) яблоко. (I eat an apple.)
  • Мы (идти) в кино. (We go to the cinema.)

Answers:

  • Я ел (masculine) / Я ела (feminine) яблоко.
  • Мы шли в кино.

7. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb:

  • Ты (петь) _______ песню. (You sang a song.)
  • Они (работать) _______ весь день. (They worked all day.)

Answers:

  • Ты пел (masculine) / Ты пела (feminine) песню.
  • Они работали весь день.

8. Fill in the past tense forms in the sentences:

  • Он (сказать) _______ правду. (He told the truth.)
  • Мы (позвонить) _______ другу. (We called a friend.)

Answers:

  • Он сказал правду.
  • Мы позвонили другу.

9. Write your own sentences in the past tense about what you did yesterday.

10. Choose the correct past tense forms of the verbs:

  • Она (пойти) _______ в магазин. (She went to the store.)
  • Мы (смотреть) _______ телевизор. (We watched TV.)

Answers:

  • Она пошла в магазин.
  • Мы смотрели телевизор.

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, you’ve learned how to form the past tense of Russian verbs, focusing on how to conjugate them based on gender and number. We’ve covered regular and irregular verbs and provided plenty of examples to illustrate the rules. With practice exercises, you can apply what you've learned and reinforce your understanding.

Keep practicing, and soon you’ll be able to express all your past experiences in Russian!

Table of Contents - Russian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Basic Phrases and Greetings


Nouns and Gender


Numbers and Time


Cases and Prepositions


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Conjugation


Food and Dining


Russian Traditions and Holidays


Travel and Transportation


Adjectives and Adverbs


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Russian Literature and Arts

Videos[edit | edit source]

Forming the Past Tense in Russian - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Russian conjugation: Present, Past and Future tense - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Russian grammar - Past Tense, прошедшее время - времена в ...[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Common Foods ▶️

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