Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Prepositions

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Panjabi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions

Welcome to the lesson on Panjabi Prepositions! Prepositions are essential components of language that help us express relationships between different elements in a sentence. In Panjabi, like in English, prepositions indicate location, time, direction, and more. Understanding how to use prepositions effectively will enhance your ability to communicate clearly and accurately in Panjabi.

In this lesson, we will explore the different types of prepositions in Panjabi, provide a variety of examples, and engage in practical exercises to help reinforce your learning. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Panjabi prepositions and be able to use them in everyday conversations.

What are Prepositions?

Prepositions are words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They help describe relationships in terms of:

• Location (where something is)

• Time (when something happens)

• Direction (where something is going)

• Other relationships (like possession or means)

In Panjabi, prepositions are often used to form phrases that provide additional context.

Types of Prepositions

There are several categories of prepositions in Panjabi. Let’s break them down:

1. Prepositions of Location

These prepositions describe where something is situated. Common examples include:

• 'ਵਿੱਚ' (vic) - in

• 'ਤੇ' (te) - on

• 'ਨਾਲ' (naal) - with

• 'ਆਲੇ' (aale) - beside

Here are some examples:

Panjabi	Pronunciation	English
ਮੈਂ ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਂ	maiṁ kamarē vic hāṁ	I am in the room
ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਹੈ	kitāb mēz te hai	The book is on the table
ਉਹ ਮੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ ਆਇਆ	uh mērē nāl āiā	He came with me
ਬੱਚਾ ਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਆਲੇ ਖੇਡ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ	bacchā māṁ dē ālē khēḍ rihā hai	The child is playing beside the mother

2. Prepositions of Time

These prepositions indicate when something occurs. Common examples include:

• 'ਤੱਕ' (takk) - until

• 'ਸਮੇਂ' (samēṁ) - at

• 'ਬਾਅਦ' (bād) - after

• 'ਪਹਿਲਾਂ' (pahilāṁ) - before

Examples include:

Panjabi	Pronunciation	English
ਮੈਂ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਤੱਕ ਜਾਗਣਾਂ	maiṁ savērē takk jāgaṇā	I will wake up until morning
ਉਹ ਦਿਨ 10 ਵਜੇ ਮਿਲੇਗੇ	uh din 10 vajē milēgē	They will meet at 10 o'clock
ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਚਾਹ ਪੀਓ	bād vic chāh pīō	Drink tea after
ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਆਪਣਾ ਕੰਮ ਖਤਮ ਕਰੋ	pahilāṁ āpaṇā kama khatam karō	Finish your work before

3. Prepositions of Direction

These prepositions describe movement towards a specific point. Common examples include:

• 'ਵੱਲ' (val) - towards

• 'ਲਈ' (la'ī) - for

• 'ਵਿਚੋਂ' (vicōṁ) - out of

• 'ਦੀ طرف' (dī taraf) - to the side of

Examples include:

Panjabi	Pronunciation	English
ਉਹ ਦਰਵਾਜੇ ਵੱਲ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ	uh darvājē val jā rihā hai	He is going towards the door
ਮੈਂ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਲਈ ਖੁਸ਼ ਹਾਂ	maiṁ tuhāḍē la'ī khuś hāṁ	I am happy for you
ਉਹ ਸੜਕ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੋਇਆ	uh saṛak vicōṁ paidā ho'ā	He came out of the street
ਉਹ ਮੇਰੇ ਘਰ ਦੀ طرف ਜਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ	uh mērē ghar dī taraf jā rahī hai	She is going to the side of my house

4. Prepositions Indicating Other Relationships

These prepositions help express possession, means, and other relationships. Common examples include:

• 'ਦਾ' (dā) - of

• 'ਸਾਥ' (sāth) - with (in terms of cooperation)

• 'ਆਪਣੇ' (āpaṇē) - to oneself

Examples include:

Panjabi	Pronunciation	English
ਇਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਰੀ ਹੈ	ih kitāb mērī hai	This book is mine
ਉਹ ਸਾਥੀ ਨਾਲ ਖੇਡ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ	uh sāthī nāl khēḍ rahē han	They are playing with friends
ਉਹ ਇਸ ਕੰਮ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਲਈ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ	uh is kama nū āpaṇē la'ī kardā hai	He does this work for himself
ਇਹ ਮੇਰੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਦਾ ਕਾਰ ਹੈ	ih mērē pitā dā kāra hai	This is my father's car

Using Prepositions in Sentences

To create meaningful sentences in Panjabi, it’s crucial to know how to combine nouns and verbs with prepositions. Here are some tips for using prepositions effectively:

• Placement: Prepositions typically come before the noun they modify.

• Context: Choose the appropriate preposition based on the context of your sentence.

For example:

• "ਮੈਂ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਜਾਉਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ।" (maiṁ savērē bājār jāuṁdā hāṁ) translates to "I go to the market in the morning." Here, 'ਸਵੇਰੇ' (savērē) indicates the time and 'ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ' (bājār) indicates the direction.

Practice Exercises

Now that we’ve covered the basics, it’s time to put your knowledge into practice! Here are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding of Panjabi prepositions.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions.

1. ਮੈਂ _____ ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਂ। (in)

2. ਉਹ _____ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਹੈ। (on)

3. ਉਹ _____ ਮੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ ਗਿਆ। (with)

4. ਮੈਂ _____ 5 ਵਜੇ ਮਿਲਾਂਗਾ। (at)

5. ਉਹ _____ ਪਾਸੇ ਦੇਖ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ। (towards)

Answers:

1. ਵਿੱਚ (vic)

2. ਤੇ (te)

3. ਨਾਲ (naal)

4. ਸਵੇਰੇ (savērē)

5. ਵੱਲ (val)

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences

Translate the following sentences into Panjabi.

1. The book is on the table.

2. She is playing with her friends.

3. We will meet at the park.

4. The keys are in the drawer.

5. I went out of the house.

Answers:

1. ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਹੈ। (kitāb mēz te hai)

2. ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਦੋਸਤਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਖੇਡ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ। (uh āpaṇē dōsatāṁ nāl khēḍ rahī hai)

3. ਅਸੀਂ ਪਾਰਕ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਿਲਾਂਗੇ। (asīṁ pārk vic milāngē)

4. ਚਾਬੀਆਂ ਦਰਾਜ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਨ। (chābī'āṁ darāz vic han)

5. ਮੈਂ ਘਰ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਗਿਆ। (maiṁ ghar tōṁ bāhar giā)

Exercise 3: Sentence Creation

Create your own sentences using the following prepositions:

1. ਵਿੱਚ (in)

2. ਨਾਲ (with)

3. ਤੇ (on)

4. ਬਾਅਦ (after)

5. ਲਈ (for)

Suggested Sentences:

1. ਉਹ ਕਮਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੈ। (uh kamarē vic hai) - He is in the room.

2. ਮੈਂ ਆਪਣੀ ਮਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਗੱਲ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ। (maiṁ āpaṇī māṁ nāl gall kardā hāṁ) - I talk with my mother.

3. ਮੇਰੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਹੈ। (mērī kitāb mēz te hai) - My book is on the table.

4. ਉਹ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਵੇਗਾ। (uh bād vic āvēgā) - He will come after.

5. ਇਹ ਤੋਹਫਾ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਲਈ ਹੈ। (ih tōhfā tuhāḍē la'ī hai) - This gift is for you.

Exercise 4: Matching Exercise

Match the following English sentences with their Panjabi translations.

1. I am at the market.

2. He is with his friends.

3. The cat is under the table.

4. We will meet after lunch.

5. The book belongs to me.

a. ਇਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਮੇਰੀ ਹੈ।

b. ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਦੋਸਤਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਹੈ।

c. ਮੈਂ ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਂ।

d. ਅਸੀਂ ਦੁਪਹਿਰ ਬਾਅਦ ਮਿਲਾਂਗੇ।

e. ਬਿੱਲੀ ਮੇਜ਼ ਦੇ ਹੇਠਾਂ ਹੈ।

Answers:

1 - c

2 - b

3 - e

4 - d

5 - a

Exercise 5: Preposition Identification

Read the sentences below and identify the prepositions used.

1. ਉਹ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਸਕੂਲ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ।

2. ਮੈਂ ਰਾਤ ਨੂੰ ਚਾਹ ਪੀਂਦਾ ਹਾਂ।

3. ਉਹ ਪੱਕੇ ਚੌਕ ਦੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਖੜਾ ਹੈ।

4. ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੈ।

5. ਗੱਡੀ ਸੜਕ ਦੇ ਉੱਪਰ ਹੈ।

Answers:

1. ਸਵੇਰੇ (savērē)

2. ਨੂੰ (nū)

3. ਪਾਸੇ (pāsē)

4. ਨਾਲ (naal)

5. ਉੱਪਰ (uppar)

Exercise 6: Sentence Correction

Correct the sentences by replacing the incorrect preposition with the correct one.

1. ਉਹ ਚੁੱਕੀ ਦਾ ਹੈ। (He is on the roof.)

2. ਮੈਂ ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਂ। (I am at the market.)

3. ਉਹ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾ ਆਇਆ। (He came before.)

4. ਪੱਤਰਕਾਰੀ ਮੇਜ਼ ਦੇ ਹੇਠਾਂ ਹੈ। (The newspaper is under the table.)

5. ਮੇਰਾ ਭਰਾ ਸਕੂਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੈ। (My brother is in school.)

Answers:

1. ਉਹ ਛਤ ਤੇ ਹੈ।

2. Correct

3. ਉਹ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਇਆ।

4. Correct

5. Correct

Exercise 7: Preposition Usage in Context

Write a short paragraph using at least five different prepositions.

Example Response:

"ਮੈਂ ਸਵੇਰੇ ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਗਿਆ। ਮੈਂ ਮੇਰੀ ਮਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਖਰੀਦੀਆਂ। ਉਹ ਮੇਰੇ ਨਾਲ ਗੱਲਾਂ ਕਰ ਰਹੀ ਸੀ। ਦੁਪਹਿਰ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ, ਅਸੀਂ ਘਰ ਦੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਬੈਠੇ। ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ, ਮੈਂ ਚਾਹ ਪੀਣ ਲਈ ਚਲਾ ਗਿਆ।"

Exercise 8: Creating Questions

Create questions using the following prompts.

1. Where is your book?

2. When will we meet?

3. Who is with you?

4. Which table is the pen on?

5. What will you do after class?

Suggested Questions:

1. ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਕਿੱਥੇ ਹੈ? (Tuhāḍī kitāb kithē hai?)

2. ਅਸੀਂ ਕਦੋਂ ਮਿਲਾਂਗੇ? (Asīṁ kadōṁ milāngē?)

3. ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ ਕੋਣ ਹੈ? (Tuhāḍē nāl kōṇ hai?)

4. ਕਿਹੜੇ ਮੇਜ਼ ਤੇ ਕਲਮ ਹੈ? (Kihṛē mēz te kalam hai?)

5. ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪਾਠ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਕੀ ਕਰੋਂਗੇ? (Tusīṁ pāṭh tōṁ bād kī karōngē?)

Exercise 9: True or False

Read the following statements related to prepositions and indicate whether they are true or false.

1. Prepositions only express location.

2. In Panjabi, prepositions usually come after the noun.

3. Prepositions can also indicate time.

4. The word 'ਨਾਲ' means 'with.'

5. 'ਤੱਕ' is used to indicate direction.

Answers:

1. False

2. False

3. True

4. True

5. False

Exercise 10: Fill in the Chart

Fill in the chart with examples of prepositions you learned in this lesson.

| Type of Preposition | Panjabi | English |

|---------------------|---------|---------|

| Location | | |

| Time | | |

| Direction | | |

| Other Relationships | | |

Suggested Answers:

| Type of Preposition | Panjabi | English |

|---------------------|-------------|---------------------|

| Location | ਵਿੱਚ (vic) | in |

| Time | ਬਾਅਦ (bād) | after |

| Direction | ਵੱਲ (val) | towards |

| Other Relationships | ਦਾ (dā) | of |

Conclusion

In this lesson, we have explored the essential role that prepositions play in the Panjabi language. By understanding their use in terms of location, time, direction, and other relationships, you are now better equipped to form sentences that are clear and coherent. Remember to practice regularly and use these prepositions in your daily conversations.

If you have any questions or need further clarification on any points, feel free to reach out. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Panjabi Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Introduction to Panjabi Script

• Gurmukhi Alphabet
• Gurmukhi Matra

  ---

Basic Words and Phrases

• Greetings and Introductions
• Numbers and Time
• Days and Months

  ---

Basic Sentence Structure

• Subject-Object-Verb Order
• Nouns and Pronouns
• Adjectives and Adverbs

  ---

Everyday Vocabulary

• Colors and Shapes
• Food and Drinks
• Clothing and Accessories
• Family and Relationships

  ---

Verbs and Tenses

• Present Tense
• Past Tense
• Future Tense

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Directions and Places
• Accommodation and Reservations

  ---

Questions and Negation

• Asking Questions
• Negation

  ---

Panjabi Customs and Traditions

• Festivals and Celebrations
• Food and Cuisine
• Traditional Clothing

  ---

Hobbies and Leisure Activities

• Sports and Exercise
• Arts and Entertainment
• Outdoor Activities

  ---

Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Prepositions
• Conjunctions

  ---

Panjabi Literature and Media

• Folklore and Legends
• Panjabi Literature
• Panjabi Media

  ---

Health and Emergencies

• Health and Illness
• Emergencies

  ---

Expressing Opinions and Emotions

• Likes and Dislikes
• Emotions and Feelings

Other Lessons

• Present Tense
• Conditional Mood
• How to Use Be
• Asking Questions
• Likes and Dislikes
• Nouns and Pronouns
• Gender
• Gurmukhi Matra
• Conjunctions

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