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<div class="pg_page_title">Central Pashto Grammar - Pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Central Pashto Grammar - Pronouns</div>
Hi Central Pashto learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing pronouns in Central Pashto. Pronouns are an important part of the language and can help you express yourself more clearly. We will look at the different types of pronouns, how to use them correctly, and some examples of how they are used in sentences.  
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-pashto Central Pashto] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will be diving into the world of pronouns in Central Pashto grammar. Pronouns are an essential part of every language, and they allow us to communicate more efficiently. Without them, our language would be clunky, and it would be tough to express ourselves clearly.
 
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<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]], [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]], [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Prepositions-of-Place|Prepositions of Place]] & [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Object-Pronouns|Object Pronouns]].</span>
== What are Pronouns? ==
In Central Pashto, pronouns are the words that we use to replace nouns. These words are incredibly useful because they help us to shorten sentences while maintaining clarity, and they can help us to avoid continually repeating the same words, which can become tiresome and boring.
== Types of Pronouns ==
== Types of Pronouns ==
There are three main types of pronouns in Central Pashto: personal, possessive, and demonstrative.
In Pashto, there are several types of pronouns you need to familiarize yourself with:


=== Personal Pronouns ===
=== Personal Pronouns ===
Personal pronouns are used to refer to people or things. They can be singular (one person or thing) or plural (more than one person or thing).  
Personal pronouns are what we use to refer to people when we want to replace their name. They come in different forms depending on the gender, number, and case. Here is a table to familiarize yourself.


Examples of personal pronouns in Central Pashto:
{| class="wikitable"
* Singular: za (I), tu (you), yu (he/she/it)  
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
* Plural: zam (we), tum (you), yum (they)  
|-
| زه  || zə || I (singular)
|-
| ته  || tə || You (singular)
|-
| یو  || yəw || He/She (singular)
|-
| مونږ  || məwəŋə || We (dual)
|-
| تاسو  || tɑːsu || You (dual)
|-
| یو  || yəw || They (dual)
|-
| زما  || zmɑː || My/Mine
|-
| تاسوي  || tɑːsuwə || Your/Yours
|-
| ستاسو  || stɑːsuwə || Your/Yours (formal)
|-
| خپل  || xəpl || His/Her
|-
| مونږ  || məwəŋə || Our/Ours
|-
| ستاسونه  || stɑːsunə || Your/Yours (plural formal)
|-
| خو  || xow || Their/Theirs
|}


=== Possessive Pronouns ===
==== Examples ====
Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership or possession. They can also be used to indicate a relationship between two people or things.
* Person 1: کوم هیلید؟‎ (kum həleed?) (What is your name?)
* Person 2: زه د فرید هم ده‎ (zə də Fareed ham dah) (My name is Farid)


Examples of possessive pronouns in Central Pashto:
=== Reflexive Pronouns ===
* Singular: zam (my), tum (your), yum (his/her/its)  
Reflexive pronouns are words that end in the suffix "za," which adds emphasis to the subject. They are equivalent to words such as "myself," "ourselves," and "yourself." They are only used in certain situations when the emphasis is needed. Here is a table to familiarize yourself with these pronouns.
* Plural: zamra (our), tumra (your), yumra (their)  
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| خپله  || xəpləza || Oneself
|-
| زما خپله  || zmɑː xəpləza || Myself
|-
| تاسوي خپله  || tɑːsuwə xəpləza || Yourself
|-
| یو خپله  || yəw xəpləza || Himself/Herself
|-
| مونږ خپله  || məwəŋə xəpləza || Ourselves
|-
| تاسونه خپله  || tɑːsunə xəpləza || Yourselves
|-
| خو خپله  || xow xəpləza || Themselves
|}
 
==== Examples ====
* Person 1: آیا تاسو خپله هیلیږ؟‎ (aya tɑːsu xəplə hayleej?) (Do you like yourself?)
* Person 2: زه خپله هیلیم‎ (zə xəplə həleem) (I like myself)


=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===
=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out people or things. They can be used to indicate distance (near or far) or to indicate a specific person or thing.  
Demonstrative pronouns are words that are used to indicate or demonstrate specific people, places, or things. In Pashto, the demonstrative pronouns are "دا‎," "ده‎," and "دغه‎." The best way to learn them is by using them in sentences. Here is a table to familiarize yourself.
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| دا / دې  || dɑː/də || This / These
|-
| ده / دې  || dah/de || That / Those
|-
| دغه  || dəɣə || That (over there)
|}
 
==== Examples ====
* Person 1: دا ټولو سندره کوو؟‎ (dɑː təlow sandarə koo?) (Whose sandals are these?)
* Person 2: زما دې سترګې دی‎ (zmɑː dey storɡe dey) (These sandals are mine.)
 
=== Interrogative Pronouns ===
Interrogative pronouns are words that we use when asking a question. They usually start with "څه‎" or "څلا‎," which means "what" or "which." Here is a table to familiarize yourself with them.
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| څه  || tʃə || What
|-
| څلونه  || tʃulənə || Which
|-
| څه پوهېږي  || tʃə powheyjə || Who
|-
| دلته پوهېږي  || dəltə powheyjə || Whose
|-
| چې پوهېږي  || tʃə powheyjə || What (as relative pronoun)
|}


Examples of demonstrative pronouns in Central Pashto:
==== Examples ====
* Near: za (this), tu (that), yu (these), tum (those)  
* Person 1: څه فکراتی؟‎ (tʃə fikrati?) (What are you thinking?)
* Far: zama (this), tuma (that), yuma (these), tumara (those)  
* Person 2: زما پوهېږي مخ ده‎ (zmɑː powheyjə mix dah) (It's my brain which is thinking.)


== Using Pronouns ==
== Conclusion ==
When using pronouns in Central Pashto, it is important to remember to use the correct form. For example, when referring to a single person or thing, you should use the singular form of the pronoun. When referring to multiple people or things, you should use the plural form.  
Congratulations! You have just learned the basics of Central Pashto pronouns. Remember, the best way to become comfortable with these pronouns is by practicing them in context. To improve your [[Language/Central-pashto|Central Pashto]] [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=94 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/central-pashto/question questions]!


It is also important to remember to use the correct case. For example, when referring to someone in the third person, you should use the possessive form of the pronoun.  
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


Finally, it is important to remember to use the correct demonstrative pronoun. For example, when referring to something that is near you, you should use the near form of the pronoun. When referring to something that is far away, you should use the far form of the pronoun.  
== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto_language Pashto Language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronoun Pronoun]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtun_culture Pashtun Culture]


== Examples ==
Here are some examples of how pronouns are used in Central Pashto:


* Za khabar kawam. (I know.)
<span link>Having concluded this lesson, consider checking out these related pages: [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Subject-Object-Verb|Central Pashto Grammar → Basic Sentence Structure → Subject ...]], [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Questions|Questions]], [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Gender|Gender]] & [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]].</span>
* Tu khabar nayam. (You don't know.)
{{#seo:
* Yu khabar kawai. (He/She/It knows.)
|title=Central Pashto Grammar - Pronouns
* Zam khabar kawam. (We know.)
|keywords=Central Pashto, Pronouns, Personal Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns, Interrogative Pronouns, Pashtun Culture
* Tum khabar nayam. (You don't know.)
|description=In this lesson, learn about Central Pashto Grammar - Pronouns, their types with table illustrations, essentials and their usage in Pashtun Culture.
* Yum khabar kawai. (They know.)
}}
* Zama khabar kawam. (This knows.)
* Tuma khabar nayam. (That doesn't know.)
* Yuma khabar kawai. (These know.)
* Tumara khabar nayam. (Those don't know.)


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Personal-pronouns|Personal pronouns]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]


{{Central-pashto-Page-Bottom}}
{{Central-pashto-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 20:56, 27 March 2023

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Central Pashto Grammar - Pronouns

Hi Central Pashto learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be diving into the world of pronouns in Central Pashto grammar. Pronouns are an essential part of every language, and they allow us to communicate more efficiently. Without them, our language would be clunky, and it would be tough to express ourselves clearly.


Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: Nouns, Future Tense, Prepositions of Place & Object Pronouns.

What are Pronouns?[edit | edit source]

In Central Pashto, pronouns are the words that we use to replace nouns. These words are incredibly useful because they help us to shorten sentences while maintaining clarity, and they can help us to avoid continually repeating the same words, which can become tiresome and boring.

Types of Pronouns[edit | edit source]

In Pashto, there are several types of pronouns you need to familiarize yourself with:

Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns are what we use to refer to people when we want to replace their name. They come in different forms depending on the gender, number, and case. Here is a table to familiarize yourself.

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
زه zə I (singular)
ته tə You (singular)
یو yəw He/She (singular)
مونږ məwəŋə We (dual)
تاسو tɑːsu You (dual)
یو yəw They (dual)
زما zmɑː My/Mine
تاسوي tɑːsuwə Your/Yours
ستاسو stɑːsuwə Your/Yours (formal)
خپل xəpl His/Her
مونږ məwəŋə Our/Ours
ستاسونه stɑːsunə Your/Yours (plural formal)
خو xow Their/Theirs

Examples[edit | edit source]

  • Person 1: کوم هیلید؟‎ (kum həleed?) (What is your name?)
  • Person 2: زه د فرید هم ده‎ (zə də Fareed ham dah) (My name is Farid)

Reflexive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Reflexive pronouns are words that end in the suffix "za," which adds emphasis to the subject. They are equivalent to words such as "myself," "ourselves," and "yourself." They are only used in certain situations when the emphasis is needed. Here is a table to familiarize yourself with these pronouns.

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
خپله xəpləza Oneself
زما خپله zmɑː xəpləza Myself
تاسوي خپله tɑːsuwə xəpləza Yourself
یو خپله yəw xəpləza Himself/Herself
مونږ خپله məwəŋə xəpləza Ourselves
تاسونه خپله tɑːsunə xəpləza Yourselves
خو خپله xow xəpləza Themselves

Examples[edit | edit source]

  • Person 1: آیا تاسو خپله هیلیږ؟‎ (aya tɑːsu xəplə hayleej?) (Do you like yourself?)
  • Person 2: زه خپله هیلیم‎ (zə xəplə həleem) (I like myself)

Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Demonstrative pronouns are words that are used to indicate or demonstrate specific people, places, or things. In Pashto, the demonstrative pronouns are "دا‎," "ده‎," and "دغه‎." The best way to learn them is by using them in sentences. Here is a table to familiarize yourself.

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
دا / دې dɑː/də This / These
ده / دې dah/de That / Those
دغه dəɣə That (over there)

Examples[edit | edit source]

  • Person 1: دا ټولو سندره کوو؟‎ (dɑː təlow sandarə koo?) (Whose sandals are these?)
  • Person 2: زما دې سترګې دی‎ (zmɑː dey storɡe dey) (These sandals are mine.)

Interrogative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Interrogative pronouns are words that we use when asking a question. They usually start with "څه‎" or "څلا‎," which means "what" or "which." Here is a table to familiarize yourself with them.

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
څه tʃə What
څلونه tʃulənə Which
څه پوهېږي tʃə powheyjə Who
دلته پوهېږي dəltə powheyjə Whose
چې پوهېږي tʃə powheyjə What (as relative pronoun)

Examples[edit | edit source]

  • Person 1: څه فکراتی؟‎ (tʃə fikrati?) (What are you thinking?)
  • Person 2: زما پوهېږي مخ ده‎ (zmɑː powheyjə mix dah) (It's my brain which is thinking.)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have just learned the basics of Central Pashto pronouns. Remember, the best way to become comfortable with these pronouns is by practicing them in context. To improve your Central Pashto Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources[edit | edit source]


Having concluded this lesson, consider checking out these related pages: Central Pashto Grammar → Basic Sentence Structure → Subject ..., Questions, Gender & Adjectives.

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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