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<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Latvian Grammar - Pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Latvian Grammar - Pronouns</div>
Hi Standard Latvian learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing pronouns in Standard Latvian. Pronouns are an important part of the language and can be used to refer to people, places, things, and ideas. We will look at the different types of pronouns, how they are used, and some examples of their usage.  
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-latvian Standard Latvian] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will study the use of pronouns in Standard Latvian grammar. Pronouns are words that replace a person, a thing, or an idea previously mentioned in a sentence. Pronouns make it easier to avoid repeating the same noun over and over again, and they also help us avoid misunderstandings.
 
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== Personal Pronouns ==
Personal pronouns are used to refer to people or things. They can be either singular or plural, and can be either masculine, feminine, or neuter.


=== Singular ===
<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]], [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/The-subjunctive-mood-and-wishes|Standard Latvian Grammar: The Subjunctive Mood and Wishes]], [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]] & [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Latvian-verb-conjugation-in-the-present-tense|Latvian verb conjugation in the present tense]].</span>
The singular personal pronouns are:
== Personal pronouns ==
* Es (I)  
Personal pronouns are the most commonly used type of pronouns in Latvian. They refer to specific persons or things and depend on the noun's gender, number, and case.
* Tu (You)  
 
* Viņš (He)  
Here are the personal pronouns in Standard Latvian:
* Viņa (She)  
{| class="wikitable"
* Tā (It)  
! Personal pronoun !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Es || [ɛs] || I
|-
| Tu || [tu] || You (singular)
|-
| Viņš || [viɲʃ] || He
|-
| Viņa || [viɲa] || She
|-
| Tas || [tas] || It
|-
| Mēs || [meːs] || We
|-
| Jūs || [juːs] || You (plural or polite singular)
|-
| Viņi/ Viņas || [viɲi, viɲas] || They (masculine or feminine)
|-
| Tie/ Tās || [tiɛ, taːs] || They (neuter)
|}
 
=== Examples with personal pronouns ===
* Person 1: Es neēdu sieru. (I don't eat cheese.)  
* Person 2: Tu esi vegetārietis? (Are you a vegetarian?)
* Person 1: Viņš gribēs šokolādi. (He will want chocolate.)  
* Person 2: Viņa mīl dāvanas. (She loves presents.)
* Person 1: Tas ir mans zirgs. (It is my horse.)
* Person 2: Mēs ejam uz pludmali. (We are going to the beach.)
* Person 1: Jūs varat palikt viesnīcā. (You can stay at the hotel.)
* Person 2: Viņi ceļo uz Franciju. (They are traveling to France.)
* Person 1: Tās ir skaistas puķes. (Those are beautiful flowers.)
 
== Demonstrative pronouns ==
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to specific things or people in a sentence. In Latvian, there are three demonstrative pronouns: "šis," "šitā," and "tas."
 
Here are the demonstrative pronouns in Standard Latvian:
{| class="wikitable"
! Demonstrative pronoun !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Šis || [ʃis] || This (masculine)
|-
| Šī || [ʃiː] || This (feminine)
|-
| Šitā || [ʃitaː] || This (neuter)
|-
| Tas || [tas] || That (masculine, feminine or neuter)
|}
 
=== Examples with demonstrative pronouns ===
* Person 1: Šī ir mana mīļākā grāmata. (This is my favorite book.)
* Person 2: Šis krekls ir par siltu. (This shirt is too warm.)
* Person 1: Šitā ir mūsu jaunā māja. (This is our new house.)
* Person 2: Tas ir liels koka stumbrs. (That is a big tree trunk.)
 
== Interrogative pronouns ==
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions about people, things, or ideas that are not yet known. The most common interrogative pronouns in Latvian are "kas" (who), "ko" (what), and "kāds" (what kind of).
 
Here are the interrogative pronouns in Standard Latvian:
{| class="wikitable"
! Interrogative pronoun !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Kas || [kas] || Who
|-
| Ko || [ko] || What (accusative)
|-
| Kāds || [kaːds] || What kind of
|}
 
=== Examples with interrogative pronouns ===
* Person 1: Kas ir tavs vārds? (What is your name?)
* Person 2: Es esmu Jānis. (My name is John.)
* Person 1: Ko tu dari? (What are you doing?)
* Person 2: Es lasu grāmatu. (I am reading a book.)
* Person 1: Kāds ir tavs mīļākais dzēriens? (What is your favorite drink?)
* Person 2: Mans mīļākais dzēriens ir tēja. (My favorite drink is tea.)
 
== Reflexive pronouns ==
Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and the object are the same entity. In Latvian, reflexive pronouns are formed by adding "sev" or "sav" to the end of the pronoun. For example, "es" (I) becomes "sevi" (myself), and "viņa" (she) becomes "savu" (herself).
 
Here are the reflexive pronouns in Standard Latvian:
{| class="wikitable"
! Reflexive pronoun !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Sevi || [sɛvi] || Myself
|-
| Tevi || [tɛvi] || Yourself
|-
| Viņš/Viņa || [viɲʃ, viɲa] || Himself/herself
|-
| Savu || [savu] || Themselves
|}
 
=== Examples with reflexive pronouns ===
* Person 1: Es sevi mīlu. (I love myself.)
* Person 2: Tu tevi aplami. (You are lying to yourself.)
* Person 1: Viņš sevi apsēja. (He sat down himself.)
* Person 2: Viņa savu matu krāsoja. (She dyed her own hair.)


=== Plural ===
== Possessive pronouns ==
The plural personal pronouns are:
Possessive pronouns indicate ownership or possession. In Latvian, possessive pronouns change depending on the noun's gender, number, and case. The endings of the pronouns are also different from the endings of the adjectives.
* Mēs (We)
* Jūs (You)
* Viņi (They)


== Possessive Pronouns ==
Here are the possessive pronouns in Standard Latvian:
Possessive pronouns are used to indicate ownership or possession. They can also be used to indicate a relationship between two people or things.
{| class="wikitable"
! Possessive pronoun !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Mans || [mans] || My (masculine)
|-
| Mana || [maːna] || My (feminine)
|-
| Mani || [mani] || My (plural or masculine)
|-
| Manas || [maːnas] || My (plural or feminine)
|-
| Tavs || [tavs] || Your (masculine)
|-
| Tava || [tava] || Your (feminine)
|-
| Tavi || [tavi] || Your (plural or masculine)
|-
| Tavas || [taːvas] || Your (plural or feminine)
|-
| Viņa || [viɲa] || His/hers (singular)
|-
| Viņu || [viɲu] || His/hers (plural)
|-
| Mūsu || [muːsu] || Our
|-
| Jūsu || [juːsu] || Your (polite or plural)
|-
| Viņu || [viɲu] || Their
|}


=== Singular ===
=== Examples with possessive pronouns ===
The singular possessive pronouns are:  
* Person 1: Mans suns ir ļoti draudzīgs. (My dog is very friendly.)
* Mans (My)  
* Person 2: Mana māte gatavo labu maltīti. (My mother cooks good food.)
* Tava (Your)  
* Person 1: Tavs kauss ir uz galda. (Your bowl is on the table.)
* Viņa (His)  
* Person 2: Tavas rokassprādzes ir skaistas. (Your bracelets are beautiful.)
* Viņas (Her)  
* Person 1: Viņa mājas ir lielas. (Her house is big.)
* Tā (Its)  
* Person 2: Viņu mašīnas ir jaunas. (Their cars are new.)


=== Plural ===
== Indefinite pronouns ==
The plural possessive pronouns are:
Indefinite pronouns refer to people, things, or ideas in general without specifying them. In Latvian, the most common indefinite pronouns are "kāds" (someone), "nekāds" (no one), "viss" (everything), and "nekas" (nothing).
* Mūsu (Our)  
* Jūsu (Your)  
* Viņu (Their)  


== Demonstrative Pronouns ==
Here are the indefinite pronouns in Standard Latvian:
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out or identify a person or thing. They can be either singular or plural, and can be either masculine, feminine, or neuter.
{| class="wikitable"
! Indefinite pronoun !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Kāds || [kaːds] || Someone
|-
| Nekāds || [nɛkaːds] || No one/none
|-
| Viss || [viss] || Everything
|-
| Nekas || [nɛkaːs] || Nothing
|}


=== Singular ===
=== Examples with indefinite pronouns ===
The singular demonstrative pronouns are:  
* Person 1: Vai kāds var man palīdzēt ar šo somu? (Can someone help me with this bag?)
* Šis (This)  
* Person 2: Nekāds problēmas! (No problem!)
* Tas (That)  
* Person 1: Viss ir gatavs. (Everything is ready.)
* Šī (This)  
* Person 2: Nekas nav palicis. (Nothing is left.)
* Tā (That)  


=== Plural ===
== Practice with Pronouns ==
The plural demonstrative pronouns are:  
To improve your [Language/Standard-latvian|Standard Latvian] [Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar|Grammar], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=74 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-latvian/question questions]!
* Šie (These)
* Tie (Those)
* Šīs (These)
* Tās (Those)


== Interrogative Pronouns ==
== Sources ==
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. They can be either singular or plural, and can be either masculine, feminine, or neuter.  
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_language Latvian_language]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronoun Pronoun]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrative_pronoun Demonstrative pronoun]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite_pronoun Indefinite pronoun]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_pronoun Possessive pronoun]


=== Singular ===
{{#seo:
The singular interrogative pronouns are:
|title=Standard Latvian Grammar - Pronouns
* Kas (Who)
|keywords=Standard Latvian Grammar, Standard Latvian, Latvian Pronouns, personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, interrogative pronouns
* Kāds (What)
|description=Learn about personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, interrogative pronouns and more in Standard Latvian. Complete guide and examples, with illustrations and cultural information.
* Kurš (Which)
}}


=== Plural ===
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
The plural interrogative pronouns are:
* Kas (Who)
* Kādi (What)
* Kuri (Which)


<hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]


{{Standard-latvian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Standard-latvian-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 20:55, 27 March 2023

Latvian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Standard Latvian Grammar - Pronouns

Hi Standard Latvian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will study the use of pronouns in Standard Latvian grammar. Pronouns are words that replace a person, a thing, or an idea previously mentioned in a sentence. Pronouns make it easier to avoid repeating the same noun over and over again, and they also help us avoid misunderstandings.


Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: Conditional Mood, Standard Latvian Grammar: The Subjunctive Mood and Wishes, Adjectives & Latvian verb conjugation in the present tense.

Personal pronouns[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns are the most commonly used type of pronouns in Latvian. They refer to specific persons or things and depend on the noun's gender, number, and case.

Here are the personal pronouns in Standard Latvian:

Personal pronoun Pronunciation English
Es [ɛs] I
Tu [tu] You (singular)
Viņš [viɲʃ] He
Viņa [viɲa] She
Tas [tas] It
Mēs [meːs] We
Jūs [juːs] You (plural or polite singular)
Viņi/ Viņas [viɲi, viɲas] They (masculine or feminine)
Tie/ Tās [tiɛ, taːs] They (neuter)

Examples with personal pronouns[edit | edit source]

  • Person 1: Es neēdu sieru. (I don't eat cheese.)
  • Person 2: Tu esi vegetārietis? (Are you a vegetarian?)
  • Person 1: Viņš gribēs šokolādi. (He will want chocolate.)
  • Person 2: Viņa mīl dāvanas. (She loves presents.)
  • Person 1: Tas ir mans zirgs. (It is my horse.)
  • Person 2: Mēs ejam uz pludmali. (We are going to the beach.)
  • Person 1: Jūs varat palikt viesnīcā. (You can stay at the hotel.)
  • Person 2: Viņi ceļo uz Franciju. (They are traveling to France.)
  • Person 1: Tās ir skaistas puķes. (Those are beautiful flowers.)

Demonstrative pronouns[edit | edit source]

Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to specific things or people in a sentence. In Latvian, there are three demonstrative pronouns: "šis," "šitā," and "tas."

Here are the demonstrative pronouns in Standard Latvian:

Demonstrative pronoun Pronunciation English
Šis [ʃis] This (masculine)
Šī [ʃiː] This (feminine)
Šitā [ʃitaː] This (neuter)
Tas [tas] That (masculine, feminine or neuter)

Examples with demonstrative pronouns[edit | edit source]

  • Person 1: Šī ir mana mīļākā grāmata. (This is my favorite book.)
  • Person 2: Šis krekls ir par siltu. (This shirt is too warm.)
  • Person 1: Šitā ir mūsu jaunā māja. (This is our new house.)
  • Person 2: Tas ir liels koka stumbrs. (That is a big tree trunk.)

Interrogative pronouns[edit | edit source]

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions about people, things, or ideas that are not yet known. The most common interrogative pronouns in Latvian are "kas" (who), "ko" (what), and "kāds" (what kind of).

Here are the interrogative pronouns in Standard Latvian:

Interrogative pronoun Pronunciation English
Kas [kas] Who
Ko [ko] What (accusative)
Kāds [kaːds] What kind of

Examples with interrogative pronouns[edit | edit source]

  • Person 1: Kas ir tavs vārds? (What is your name?)
  • Person 2: Es esmu Jānis. (My name is John.)
  • Person 1: Ko tu dari? (What are you doing?)
  • Person 2: Es lasu grāmatu. (I am reading a book.)
  • Person 1: Kāds ir tavs mīļākais dzēriens? (What is your favorite drink?)
  • Person 2: Mans mīļākais dzēriens ir tēja. (My favorite drink is tea.)

Reflexive pronouns[edit | edit source]

Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and the object are the same entity. In Latvian, reflexive pronouns are formed by adding "sev" or "sav" to the end of the pronoun. For example, "es" (I) becomes "sevi" (myself), and "viņa" (she) becomes "savu" (herself).

Here are the reflexive pronouns in Standard Latvian:

Reflexive pronoun Pronunciation English
Sevi [sɛvi] Myself
Tevi [tɛvi] Yourself
Viņš/Viņa [viɲʃ, viɲa] Himself/herself
Savu [savu] Themselves

Examples with reflexive pronouns[edit | edit source]

  • Person 1: Es sevi mīlu. (I love myself.)
  • Person 2: Tu tevi aplami. (You are lying to yourself.)
  • Person 1: Viņš sevi apsēja. (He sat down himself.)
  • Person 2: Viņa savu matu krāsoja. (She dyed her own hair.)

Possessive pronouns[edit | edit source]

Possessive pronouns indicate ownership or possession. In Latvian, possessive pronouns change depending on the noun's gender, number, and case. The endings of the pronouns are also different from the endings of the adjectives.

Here are the possessive pronouns in Standard Latvian:

Possessive pronoun Pronunciation English
Mans [mans] My (masculine)
Mana [maːna] My (feminine)
Mani [mani] My (plural or masculine)
Manas [maːnas] My (plural or feminine)
Tavs [tavs] Your (masculine)
Tava [tava] Your (feminine)
Tavi [tavi] Your (plural or masculine)
Tavas [taːvas] Your (plural or feminine)
Viņa [viɲa] His/hers (singular)
Viņu [viɲu] His/hers (plural)
Mūsu [muːsu] Our
Jūsu [juːsu] Your (polite or plural)
Viņu [viɲu] Their

Examples with possessive pronouns[edit | edit source]

  • Person 1: Mans suns ir ļoti draudzīgs. (My dog is very friendly.)
  • Person 2: Mana māte gatavo labu maltīti. (My mother cooks good food.)
  • Person 1: Tavs kauss ir uz galda. (Your bowl is on the table.)
  • Person 2: Tavas rokassprādzes ir skaistas. (Your bracelets are beautiful.)
  • Person 1: Viņa mājas ir lielas. (Her house is big.)
  • Person 2: Viņu mašīnas ir jaunas. (Their cars are new.)

Indefinite pronouns[edit | edit source]

Indefinite pronouns refer to people, things, or ideas in general without specifying them. In Latvian, the most common indefinite pronouns are "kāds" (someone), "nekāds" (no one), "viss" (everything), and "nekas" (nothing).

Here are the indefinite pronouns in Standard Latvian:

Indefinite pronoun Pronunciation English
Kāds [kaːds] Someone
Nekāds [nɛkaːds] No one/none
Viss [viss] Everything
Nekas [nɛkaːs] Nothing

Examples with indefinite pronouns[edit | edit source]

  • Person 1: Vai kāds var man palīdzēt ar šo somu? (Can someone help me with this bag?)
  • Person 2: Nekāds problēmas! (No problem!)
  • Person 1: Viss ir gatavs. (Everything is ready.)
  • Person 2: Nekas nav palicis. (Nothing is left.)

Practice with Pronouns[edit | edit source]

To improve your [Language/Standard-latvian|Standard Latvian] [Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar|Grammar], you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources[edit | edit source]

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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