Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Philosophical-and-Religious-Texts"
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[[ | This page has a cousin: [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Religions]] | ||
[[File:260px-Gustave_Doré_-_The_Holy_Bible_-_Plate_I,_The_Deluge.jpg|thumb|"The Deluge", frontispiece to Gustave Doré's illustrated edition of the Bible]] | |||
Article status: in progress | |||
== Ancient Egyptian religion == | == Ancient Egyptian religion == | ||
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!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |rw n(y)w prt m hrw(w) | ||
''Papyrus of Ani'' | |||
| | | | ||
|English https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Papyrus_of_Ani | |English https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Papyrus_of_Ani | ||
Line 29: | Line 25: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Οδύσσεια | |Οδύσσεια / Odýsseia | ||
''Odyssey'' | |||
'' | ''The Story of Odysseus'' | ||
|The Odyssey recounts the return home of the hero Ulysses after the Trojan War, written by Homer. | |The Odyssey recounts the return home of the hero Ulysses after the Trojan War, written by Homer. | ||
|multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B4%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1 | |multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B4%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Ἰλιάς | |Ἰλιάς / Iliás | ||
''Iliad'' | |||
'' | ''A Poem about Ilium'' | ||
|The poem describes the events of the tenth and final year of the siege of Troy by the Greeks, written by Homer. | |The poem describes the events of the tenth and final year of the siege of Troy by the Greeks, written by Homer. | ||
|multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82 | |multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Θεογονία | |Θεογονία / Theogoníā | ||
''Theogony'' | |||
'' | ''The Genealogy of the Gods'' | ||
|A poem by Hesiod that describes the origin of the gods of Greek mythology as they were born and formed in human perception, following the first observations with the Earth (Gaia), the rivers, the vast sea, the shining stars and the vast sky above from everything. | |A poem by Hesiod that describes the origin of the gods of Greek mythology as they were born and formed in human perception, following the first observations with the Earth (Gaia), the rivers, the vast sea, the shining stars and the vast sky above from everything. | ||
|multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1 | |multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1 | ||
Line 54: | Line 50: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|شاهنامه | | | ||
<p style="text-align:right;">شاهنامه</p> / Šāhnāme | |||
'' | ''The Book of Kings'' | ||
| | | | ||
|Persian, Arabic, English https://fa.wikisource.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87 | |Persian, Arabic, English https://fa.wikisource.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87 | ||
Line 67: | Line 63: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
''Epic of Gilgamesh'' | |||
|Epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia, regarded as the earliest surviving notable literature. It is a collection of legends and includes, among others, the famous myth of the Sumerian Flood. | |Epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia, regarded as the earliest surviving notable literature. It is a collection of legends and includes, among others, the famous myth of the Sumerian Flood. | ||
|Hebrew, English, Portuguese https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%A9 | |Hebrew, English, Portuguese https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%A9 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Metamorphoseon libri | |Metamorphoseon libri | ||
| | |The Metamorphoses a Latin narrative poem from 8 CE by the Roman poet Ovid. The poem chronicles the history of the world from its creation to the deification of Julius Caesar in a mythico-historical framework comprising over 250 myths, 15 books, and 11,995 lines. | ||
|multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Metamorphoses_(Ovidius) | |multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Metamorphoses_(Ovidius) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Fasti | |Fasti | ||
| | |Ovid’s Fasti is an account of the Roman year and its religious festivals, consisting of 12 books, one to each month, of which the first six survive. The various festivals are described as they occur and are traced to their legendary origins. | ||
|Latin https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Fasti | |Latin https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Fasti | ||
|} | |} | ||
== | == Baháʼí Faith == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |||
!text | !text | ||
!introduction | !introduction | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |<p style="text-align:right;">الكتاب الأقدس</p> / al-Kitāb al-Aqdas | ||
''The Most Holy Book'' | |||
| | |||
|multiple languages https://bahaiprayers.net/AqdasMatrix | |||
English https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/bahaullah/kitab-i-aqdas/ | |||
|- | |||
|<p style="text-align:right;">کلمات مكنونة</p> / Kalimát-i-Maknúnih | |||
''The Hidden Book'' | |||
| | |||
|multiple languages https://bahaiprayers.net/HiddenWordsMatrix | |||
Arabic, Persian https://librivox.org/search?q=Hidden+Words | |||
English https://bahai-library.com/bahaullah_hidden_words | |||
English https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/bahaullah/hidden-words/ | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
<p style="text-align:right;">هفت وادی</p> / Haft-Vádí | |||
''The Seven Valleys'' | |||
| | | | ||
English https://www. | |English https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/bahaullah/call-divine-beloved/1#959114648 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |<p style="text-align:right;">چهار وادی</p> / Chahár Vádí | ||
''The Four Valleys'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |English https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/bahaullah/call-divine-beloved/9#545908212 | ||
|} | |} | ||
== | == Buddhism == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!text | !text | ||
!introduction | !introduction | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |वज्रच्छेदिकाप्रज्ञापारमितासूत्र / Vajracchedikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra | ||
'' | ''Diamond Sūtra'' | ||
| | |||
|multiple languages https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Vajracchedik%C4%81_Praj%C3%B1%C4%81p%C4%81ramit%C4%81_S%C5%ABtra | |||
Tibetan https://tibetan.works/etext/reader.php?collection=kangyur&index=18 | |||
|- | |||
|प्रज्ञापारमिताहृदय / Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya | |||
''Heart Sūtra'' | |||
| | |||
|multiple languages https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF | |||
|- | |||
|सद्धर्मपुण्डरीकसूत्र / Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtram | |||
''Sūtra on the White Lotus of the True Dharma'' | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Mahāyāna | |||
!text | !text | ||
!introduction | !introduction | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |大藏經 / Dàzàngjīng | ||
''Great Storage of Scriptures'' | |||
'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |Chinese | ||
https://www.cbeta.org/ | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Theravāda | |||
!text | |||
!introduction | |||
!link | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | ''Pāli Canon'' | ||
|Vipassana is a universal, scientific method towards purifying the mind. | |||
It is the practical essence of the teachings of the Buddha. | |||
|Pāli https://tipitaka.org/ | |||
|} | |} | ||
Line 145: | Line 173: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|山海經 | |山海經 / Shǎn Hǎi Jīng | ||
''Classic of Mountains and Seas'' | |||
'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |Chinese https://ctext.org/shan-hai-jing | ||
Chinese https://ctext.org/shan-hai-jing | |||
|- | |- | ||
|拾遺記 | |拾遺記 / Shí Yí Jì | ||
'' | ''Record of Heretofore Lost Works'' | ||
| | | | ||
|Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BE%E9%81%BA%E8%A8%98 | |Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BE%E9%81%BA%E8%A8%98 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|封神演義 | |封神演義 / Fēng Shén Yǎnyì | ||
''Investiture of the Gods'' | |||
'' | |||
| | | | ||
|Chinese https://ctext.org/fengshen-yanyi | |Chinese https://ctext.org/fengshen-yanyi | ||
|- | |- | ||
|西遊記 | |西遊記 / Xī Yóu Jì | ||
'' | ''Journey to the West'' | ||
| | | | ||
|Chinese https://ctext.org/xiyouji | |Chinese https://ctext.org/xiyouji | ||
Line 176: | Line 200: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|韓非子 | |韓非子 / Hán Fēi Zǐ | ||
''Master Hán Fēi'' | |||
'' | |||
| | | | ||
|Chinese https://ctext.org/hanfeizi | |Chinese https://ctext.org/hanfeizi | ||
|- | |- | ||
|商君書 | |商君書 / Shāng Jūn Shū | ||
''The Book of Lord Shāng'' | |||
''Shāng | |||
| | | | ||
|Chinese, English https://ctext.org/shang-jun-shu | |Chinese, English https://ctext.org/shang-jun-shu | ||
|- | |- | ||
|申不害 | |申不害 / Shēn Búhài | ||
| | | | ||
|Chinese, English https://ctext.org/shen-bu-hai | |Chinese, English https://ctext.org/shen-bu-hai | ||
|- | |- | ||
|慎子 | |慎子 / Shèn Zǐ | ||
''Master Shèn'' | |||
''Shèn | |||
| | | | ||
|Chinese https://ctext.org/shenzi | |Chinese https://ctext.org/shenzi | ||
Line 208: | Line 227: | ||
!text | !text | ||
|- | |- | ||
|呂氏春秋 | |呂氏春秋 / Lǚshì Chūnqīu | ||
''Master Lǚ's Spring and Autumn Annals'' | |||
'' | |||
| | | | ||
|Chinese https://ctext.org/lv-shi-chun-qiu | |Chinese https://ctext.org/lv-shi-chun-qiu | ||
|- | |- | ||
|淮南子 | |淮南子 / Huáinán Zǐ | ||
''Huáinán | ''Huáinán Masters'' | ||
| | | | ||
|Chinese https://ctext.org/huainanzi | |Chinese https://ctext.org/huainanzi | ||
Line 222: | Line 240: | ||
== Christianity == | == Christianity == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!text | !text | ||
!introduction | !introduction | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ביבליה | |<p style="text-align:right;">ביבליה</p> / Biblia | ||
'' | ''Bible'' | ||
| | |The Bible is the holy scripture of the Christian religion, where tell the history of the Earth from its earliest creation to the spread of Christianity in the first century A.D. Both the Old Testament and the New Testament have undergone changes over the centuries. | ||
|multiple languages https://www.bible.com/languages | |multiple languages https://www.bible.com/languages | ||
multiple languages | |||
https://andbible.github.io/ | |||
multiple languages https://www.stepbible.org/ | |||
multiple languages https://christos-c.com/bible/ | multiple languages https://christos-c.com/bible/ | ||
|- | |||
|Symbolum Apostolicum; Symbolum Apostolorum | |||
''Apostles' Creed'' | |||
|Symbol of Faith in Latin | |||
|multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Symbolum_Apostolicum | |||
|- | |||
|Σύμβολο της Πίστεως ή Σύμβολον τῆς Νικαίας / Sýmvolon tis Nikéas | |||
Nicene Creed | |||
|The Nicene Creed is our symbol of faith. It is named after the Council of Nice and draws its formation from the first two ecumenical Councils (325 and 381 A.D.). The first part of the Creed was written during the First Ecumenical Council held in Nicea, Asia Minor, in A.D. | |||
|multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%82 | |||
|- | |||
|Symbolum Quicumque | |||
''Whosoever Creed (Athanasian Creed)'' | |||
|The Athanasian Creed divided into two sections, the doctrine of the Trinity, and the doctrine of Christology. Enumerating the three persons of the Trinity (Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit), the first section of the creed ascribes the divine attributes to each individually. Thus, each person of the Trinity is described as uncreated (increatus), limitless (Immensus), eternal (æternus), and omnipotent (omnipotens). Stresses the unity of the three persons in the one Godhead, thus avoiding a theology of tritheism. | |||
|multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Symbolum_Quicumque | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
''Chalcedonian Definition'' | |||
|The Δ' Ecumenical Council took place in Chalcedon in 451 AD, and is also known as the Council of Chalcedon. It ruled that Jesus Christ is "in two natures" in opposition to the doctrine of Monophysitism. The council also issued canons dealing mainly with the organization of the Church. | |||
|Greek https://www.earlychurchtexts.com/main/chalcedon/chalcedonian_definition.shtml | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!text | |||
!introduction | |||
!link | |||
|+ Catholicism | |||
|- | |||
|Catechismus Catholicae Ecclesiae | |||
''Catechism of the Catholic Church'' | |||
|This 200-page volume offers a quick synopsis of the essential contents of the faith as promulgated in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Compendium has a four-part structure, and includes a section on common prayers and Catholic doctrinal formulas. | |||
|multiple languages https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc/index.htm | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!text | |||
!introduction | |||
!link | |||
|+ Orthodoxy | |||
|- | |||
|Κλῖμαξ / Klîmax | |||
''Ladder (The Ladder of Divine Ascent; Ladder of Paradise)'' | |||
|The Art of Wisdom | |||
through Ancient Words. | |||
A simple man believes anything, but a prudent man gives thought to his steps. | |||
|English http://www.prudencetrue.com/ | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!text | |||
!introduction | |||
!link | |||
|+ Lutheranism | |||
|- | |||
|Der Große Katechismus | |||
''The Large Catechism'' | |||
| | |||
|English https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1722 | |||
German https://www.stmichael-online.de/gk_inh.htm | |||
|- | |||
|Der Kleine Katechismus | |||
''The Small Catechism'' | |||
| | |||
|multiple languages https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Luther%27s_Small_Catechism | |||
English https://www.projectwittenberg.org/pub/resources/text/wittenberg/luther/little.book/web/book-1.html | |||
|} | |||
English, | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!text | |||
!introduction | |||
!link | |||
|+ Continental Reformed Protestantism | |||
|- | |||
|Catechismus oder christlicher Vnderricht, wie der in Kirchen vnd Schulen der Churfürstlichen Pfaltz getrieben wirdt | |||
''Catechism, or Christian Instruction, according to the Usages of the Churches and Schools of the Electoral Palatinate'' | |||
| | |||
|English https://librivox.org/the-heidelberg-catechism-by-ursinus-and-olevianus/ | |||
English https://urclearning.org/families/ | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!text | |||
!introduction | |||
!link | |||
|+ Mormonism | |||
|- | |||
|Book of Mormon | |||
| | |||
|English, Galician https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Book_of_Mormon | |||
English https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/title-page | |||
English https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17 | |||
English https://librivox.org/the-book-of-mormon-by-joseph-smith-jr/ | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Daoism == | == Daoism == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!text | !text | ||
!introduction | !introduction | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|道德經 | |道德經 / Dàodé Jīng | ||
''Classic of the Way and Virtue'' | |||
'' | |||
| | | | ||
|Chinese, English https://ctext.org/dao-de-jing | |Chinese, English https://ctext.org/dao-de-jing | ||
|- | |- | ||
|莊子 | |道藏 / Dào Zàng | ||
''Zhuāng | | | ||
|Chinese https://www.daorenjia.com/ | |||
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E9%81%93%E8%97%8F | |||
|- | |||
|莊子 / Zhuāng Zǐ | |||
''Master Zhuāng'' | |||
| | | | ||
|Chinese, English https://ctext.org/zhuangzi | |Chinese, English https://ctext.org/zhuangzi | ||
|- | |- | ||
|列子 | |列子 / Liè Zǐ | ||
''Liè | ''Master Liè'' | ||
| | | | ||
|Chinese https://ctext.org/liezi | |Chinese https://ctext.org/liezi | ||
|} | |||
== Druze == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!text | |||
!introduction | |||
!link | |||
|- | |||
|<p style="text-align:right;">رَسَائِل ٱلْحِكْمَة</p> / Rasa'il al-Hikmah | |||
''Epistles of Wisdom'' | |||
| | |||
|Arabic https://www.muhammadanism.org/Arabic/default.htm | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Empiricism == | == Empiricism == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!text | !text | ||
!introduction | !introduction | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |||
|A Treatise of Human Nature | |||
|The Treatise is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, scepticism, and naturalism. Hume defends a sentimentalist account of morality, arguing that ethics is based on sentiment and the passions rather than reason, and famously declaring that "reason is, and ought only to be the slave to the passions". | |||
|English, French https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treatise_of_Human_Nature | |||
|- | |- | ||
|An Essay Concerning Human Understanding | |An Essay Concerning Human Understanding | ||
Line 272: | Line 406: | ||
|English, French https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human_Understanding | |English, French https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human_Understanding | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Novum Organum | ||
| | ''New Instrument'' | ||
| | | | ||
|multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Novum_Organum | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Epicureanism == | == Epicureanism == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!text | !text | ||
!introduction | !introduction | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Κύριαι Δόξαι | |Κύριαι Δόξαι / Kūriai Dóxai | ||
''Principal Doctrines'' | |||
'' | |||
|The basic principles of Epicurus philosophy | |The basic principles of Epicurus philosophy | ||
|Greek, French https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%94%CF%8C%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%B9 | |Greek, French https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%94%CF%8C%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%B9 | ||
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!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|रामायण | |ऋग्वेद / Ṛgveda | ||
'' | ''Knowledge of the Praise'' | ||
| | |||
|Sanskrit, English https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rvsan/index.htm | |||
Sanskrit, English https://www.holybooks.com/rig-veda/ | |||
Sanskrit https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda | |||
|- | |||
|सामवेद / Sāmaveda | |||
''Knowledge of the Song'' | |||
| | |||
|Sanskrit, English https://sacred-texts.com/hin/sv.htm | |||
|- | |||
|यजुर्वेद / Yajurveda | |||
''Knowledge of the Worship'' | |||
| | |||
|English https://sacred-texts.com/hin/yv/index.htm | |||
|- | |||
|अथर्ववेदः / Atharvavedaḥ; अथर्वणवेदः / Atharvaṇavedaḥ | |||
''Knowledge of the Procedure of Everyday Life'' | |||
| | |||
|English https://sacred-texts.com/hin/av/index.htm | |||
|- | |||
|रामायण / Rāmāyaṇa | |||
''Rama's Journey'' | |||
| | | | ||
|Sanskrit, Engish https://readramayana.org/ | |Sanskrit, Engish https://readramayana.org/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|महाभारतम् | |महाभारतम् / Mahābhāratam | ||
| | | | ||
|multiple languages https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D | |multiple languages https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D | ||
|- | |- | ||
|पुराण | |पुराण / Purāṇa | ||
''Ancient'' | |||
'' | |||
| | | | ||
|Sanskrit https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D | |Sanskrit https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D | ||
Line 323: | Line 477: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|القرآن | |<p style="text-align:right;">القرآن</p> / al-Qurʾān | ||
'' | ''The Recitation'' | ||
| | |Islam "Submission [to God]" is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered | ||
|multiple languages https:// | around the Quran, significant religious text and the teachings of Muhammad. | ||
Adherents of Islam, called Muslims, number approximately 1.9 billion globally | |||
and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians. | |||
|multiple languages https://quran.com/ | |||
multiple languages https://mp3quran.net/ | multiple languages https://mp3quran.net/ | ||
multiple languages https:// | multiple languages https://quranenc.com/ | ||
Arabic, English https://corpus.quran.com/ | Arabic, English https://corpus.quran.com/ | ||
Line 342: | Line 499: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|صحيح البخاري | |<p style="text-align:right;">صحيح البخاري</p> / Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī | ||
''Authentic Bukhari Collection'' | |||
| | | | ||
|Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, English https://sunnah.com/bukhari | |Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, English https://sunnah.com/bukhari | ||
|- | |- | ||
|صحيح مسلم | |<p style="text-align:right;">صحيح مسلم</p> / Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim | ||
'' | ''Authentic Muslim'' | ||
| | | | ||
|Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, English https://sunnah.com/muslim | |Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, English https://sunnah.com/muslim | ||
|- | |- | ||
|جامع الترمذي | |<p style="text-align:right;">جامع الترمذي</p> / Jamiʽ at-Tirmidhi | ||
'' | ''Well-Trodden Path'' | ||
| | | | ||
|Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, English https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi | |Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, English https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi | ||
|- | |- | ||
|سنن أبي داود | |<p style="text-align:right;">سنن أبي داود</p> / Sunan Abī Dāwūd | ||
'' | ''Narrative of Abī Dāwūd'' | ||
| | | | ||
|Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, English https://sunnah.com/abudawud | |Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, English https://sunnah.com/abudawud | ||
|- | |- | ||
|السنن الصغرى | |<p style="text-align:right;">السنن الصغرى</p> / al-Sunan al-Ṣughrā | ||
''The Minor Narrative'' | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|سُنن ابن ماجه | |<p style="text-align:right;">سُنن ابن ماجه</p> / Sunan Ibn Mājah | ||
'' | ''Narrative of Ibn Mājah'' | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 378: | Line 534: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ٱلْكَافِي | |<p style="text-align:right;">ٱلْكَافِي</p> / al-Kāfī | ||
'' | ''The Sufficient'' | ||
| | | | ||
|Arabic, English https://www.hubeali.com/online-books/online-english-books/ | |Arabic, English https://www.hubeali.com/online-books/online-english-books/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|مَنْ لَا يَحْضُرُه ٱلْفَقِيه | |<p style="text-align:right;">مَنْ لَا يَحْضُرُه ٱلْفَقِيه</p> / Man lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh | ||
''He Who has no Jurisprudent'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|تَهْذِيب ٱلَأَحْكَام فِي شَرْح ٱلْمُقْنِعَه | |<p style="text-align:right;">تَهْذِيب ٱلَأَحْكَام فِي شَرْح ٱلْمُقْنِعَه</p> / Tahdhib al-Ahkam fi Sharh al-Muqni'ah | ||
''Rectification of the Statutes in Explaining the Disguised'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ٱلِٱسْتِبْصَار فِيمَا ٱخْتَلَف مِن ٱلْأَخْبَار | |<p style="text-align:right;">ٱلِٱسْتِبْصَار فِيمَا ٱخْتَلَف مِن ٱلْأَخْبَار</p> / al-Istibsar fi-ma ikhtalafa min al-Akhbar | ||
''Reflection Upon the Disputed Traditions'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 404: | Line 560: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|الجامع الصحيح | |<p style="text-align:right;">الجامع الصحيح</p> / al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ترتيب المسند | |<p style="text-align:right;">ترتيب المسند</p> / Tartib al-Musnad | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 422: | Line 576: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|षट्खण्डागम | |षट्खण्डागम / Ṣaṭkhaṅḍāgama | ||
'' | ''Scripture in Six Parts'' | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 435: | Line 589: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|תָּנָ״ךְ | |<p style="text-align:right;">תָּנָ״ךְ</p> / Tānāḵ | ||
'' | ''Law-Prophets-Writings (Hebrew Bible)'' | ||
| | | | ||
|Hebrew, English https://www.sefaria.org/texts/Tanakh | |Hebrew, English https://www.sefaria.org/texts/Tanakh | ||
Line 450: | Line 604: | ||
French https://mechon-mamre.org/f/ft/ft0.htm | French https://mechon-mamre.org/f/ft/ft0.htm | ||
|- | |- | ||
|תַּלְמוּד | |<p style="text-align:right;">תַּלְמוּד</p> / Talmūḏ | ||
''Instruction'' | |||
'' | |||
| | | | ||
|Hebrew, English https://www.sefaria.org/texts/Talmud | |Hebrew, English https://www.sefaria.org/texts/Talmud | ||
|- | |||
|<p style="text-align:right;">מִדְרָשׁ</p> / Midrash | |||
''Textual Interpretation'' | |||
| | |||
|Hebrew, English https://www.sefaria.org/texts/Midrash | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Kantianism == | == Kantianism == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!text | !text | ||
!introduction | !introduction | ||
Line 465: | Line 622: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Critik der reinen Vernunft | |Critik der reinen Vernunft | ||
''Critique of Pure Reason'' | |||
| | | | ||
|multiple languages https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Critik_der_reinen_Vernunft_(1781) | |multiple languages https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Critik_der_reinen_Vernunft_(1781) | ||
Line 477: | Line 635: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Il Principe | |Il Principe | ||
''The Prince'' | |||
| | | | ||
|multiple languages https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Il_Principe | |multiple languages https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Il_Principe | ||
|} | |||
== Maya religion == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!text | |||
!introduction | |||
!link | |||
|- | |||
|''Chilám Balám'' | |||
|The Chilam Balam are the sacred books of the Maya of Yucatan and were named after their last and greatest prophet. Chilam, or chilan, was his title which means that he was the mouth-piece or interpreter of the gods. Balam means jaguar, but it is also a common family name in Yucatan. | |||
| | |||
English https://www.holybooks.com/book-chilam-balam-chumayel/ | |||
|- | |||
|''Popol Vuh'' | |||
''Book of the Community'' | |||
|Popol Vuh is one full text books that from describes the Mayans creation myth, its epic tales of the Hero Twins Hunahpú and Xbalanqué and other spectacular stories. The translations all origin from the Maya documents | |||
|Spanish, Russian https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Popol_Vuh | |||
English https://www.holybooks.com/popol-vuh/ | |||
|} | |} | ||
Line 488: | Line 666: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|墨子 | |墨子 / Mò Zǐ | ||
''Mò | ''Master Mò'' | ||
| | | | ||
|Chinese, English https://ctext.org/mozi | |Chinese, English https://ctext.org/mozi | ||
Line 502: | Line 680: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Sæmundar Edda | |Sæmundar Edda | ||
''Poetic Edda'' | |||
| | | | ||
|multiple languages https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Poetic_Edda | |multiple languages https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Poetic_Edda | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Snorra Edda | |Snorra Edda | ||
''Prose Edda'' | |||
| | | | ||
|multiple languages https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Prose_Edda | |multiple languages https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Prose_Edda | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Der Nibelunge liet | |Der Nibelunge liet | ||
''The Song of the Nibelungs'' | |||
| | | | ||
|English https://www.gutenberg.org/files/7321/7321-h/7321-h.htm | |English https://www.gutenberg.org/files/7321/7321-h/7321-h.htm | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Beowulf | |Bēowulf | ||
''Beowulf'' | |||
| | | | ||
|English, French https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Beowulf | |English, French https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Beowulf | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Peripatetic school | == Peripatetic school of Aristotle == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!text | !text | ||
!introduction | !introduction | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Μεταφυσικά | |Μεταφυσικά / Metàphusiká | ||
''Those after the Physics (Metaphysics)'' | |||
'' | |||
|The work of Aristotle, the first scientific research on the first principles and causes (causality) from which different beings derive their essential existence. It is the first metaphysical book in history. | |The work of Aristotle, the first scientific research on the first principles and causes (causality) from which different beings derive their essential existence. It is the first metaphysical book in history. | ||
|multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%86%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC | |multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%86%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Πολιτικά | |Ὄργανον / Organon | ||
''Instrument'' | |||
'' | | | ||
|English, French https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Organon | |||
|- | |||
|Πολιτικά / Politiká | |||
''Politics'' | |||
|Aristotle's treatise on the science of political life. The subject is approached from the point of view of the city-state, considering that it is the one that contributes to the most fulfilled life of the citizen. | |Aristotle's treatise on the science of political life. The subject is approached from the point of view of the city-state, considering that it is the one that contributes to the most fulfilled life of the citizen. | ||
|multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC | |multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια | |Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια / Ēthika Nikomacheia | ||
''Nicomachean Ethics'' | |||
'' | |||
|It is one of three treatises that primarily analyze the forms and conditions of Aristotle's moral and intellectual virtue. | |It is one of three treatises that primarily analyze the forms and conditions of Aristotle's moral and intellectual virtue. | ||
|multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1 | |multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Κατηγορίαι | |Κατηγορίαι / Katēgoriai | ||
'' | ''Categories'' | ||
|Aristotle starts from the various abstract concepts - such as the color green, the concept tenderness, the concept low, slow, taste, and multiple - and tries to impose an order. He considers that each concept can be subordinated to a superior and thus arrives at the ten fundamental concepts which they call CATEGORIES | |Aristotle starts from the various abstract concepts - such as the color green, the concept tenderness, the concept low, slow, taste, and multiple - and tries to impose an order. He considers that each concept can be subordinated to a superior and thus arrives at the ten fundamental concepts which they call CATEGORIES | ||
|multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%B9 | |multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%B9 | ||
Line 552: | Line 735: | ||
== Platoism == | == Platoism == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!text | !text | ||
!introduction | !introduction | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Φαίδων | |Φαίδων / Phaidōn | ||
''Platon'' | |||
|dialogues relating to the trial and execution of Socrates. | |dialogues relating to the trial and execution of Socrates. | ||
|multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CF%89%CE%BD | |multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CF%89%CE%BD | ||
|- | |||
|Πολιτεία / Politeia | |||
''Republic'' | |||
|The Republic (Greek: Πολιτεία) is a Socratic dialogue, authored by Plato around 375 BCE, concerning justice (δικαιοσύνη), the order and character of the just city-state, and the just man. It is Plato's best-known work, and one of the world's most influential works of philosophy and political theory, both intellectually and historically. | |||
|multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1 | |||
|} | |||
== Rationalism == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!text | |||
!introduction | |||
!link | |||
|- | |||
|Ethica, ordine geometryo Demonstrata | |||
''Ethics, Demonstrated in Geometrical Order'' | |||
|is a philosophical treatise written in Latin by Spinoza. It was written 1661 and the book is perhaps the most ambitious attempt to apply the method of Euclid in philosophy. Spinoza puts forward a small number of definitions and axioms from which he attempts to derive hundreds of propositions and corollaries, such as "When the Mind imagines its own lack of power, it is saddened by it". | |||
|multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Ethica | |||
|- | |||
|Nouveaux essais sur l'entendement humain | |||
''New Essays on Human Understanding'' | |||
|The New Essays take the form of an imaginary dialogue between two characters: Philalèthe and Théophile. | |||
The New Essays are, with the Theodicy, the only two major works that Leibniz completed. Locke's death, which occurred when Leibniz finished writing it, postponed its publication. When it finally appeared, some sixty years later, Leibniz's philosophy was hardly in vogue. | |||
|French https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Nouveaux_Essais_sur_l%E2%80%99entendement_humain | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Cartesianism | |||
!text | |||
!introduction | |||
!link | |||
|- | |||
|Meditationes de Prima Philosophia, in qua Dei existentia et animæ immortalitas demonstratur | |||
''Meditations on First Philosophy, in which the existence of God and the immortality of the soul are demonstrated'' | |||
| | |||
|multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Moriae_encomium | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Renaissance humanism == | == Renaissance humanism == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!text | !text | ||
!introduction | !introduction | ||
Line 573: | Line 792: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Moriae encomium | |Moriae encomium | ||
''In Praise of Folly'' | |||
| | | | ||
|multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Moriae_encomium | |multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Moriae_encomium | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Libellus vere aureus, nec minus salutaris quam festivus, de optimo rei publicae statu deque nova insula Utopia | |Libellus vere aureus, nec minus salutaris quam festivus, de optimo rei publicae statu deque nova insula Utopia | ||
''A truly golden little book, not less beneficial than enjoyable, about how things should be in a state and about the new island Utopia'' | |||
| | | | ||
|multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Utopia | |multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Utopia | ||
Line 592: | Line 813: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|論語 | |論語 / Lún Yǔ | ||
''Selected Sayings (Analects of Confucius)'' | |||
'' | |||
| | | | ||
|Chinese, English https://ctext.org/analects | |Chinese, English https://ctext.org/analects | ||
Chinese, English https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E | |||
|- | |||
|詩經 / Shī Jīng | |||
''Classics of Poetry'' | |||
| | |||
|Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E7%B6%93 | |||
|- | |||
|尚書 / Shàng Shū | |||
''Book of Documents'' | |||
| | |||
|Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8 | |||
|- | |||
|周禮 / Zhōu Lǐ | |||
''Rites of Zhōu'' | |||
| | |||
|Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E7%A6%AE | |||
|- | |||
|儀禮 / Yí Lǐ | |||
''Etiquette and Ceremonial'' | |||
| | |||
|Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%84%80%E7%A6%AE | |||
|- | |||
|禮記 / Lǐ Jì | |||
''The Book of Rites'' | |||
| | |||
|Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E8%A8%98 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |周易 / Zhōu Yì | ||
''Book of Changes'' | |||
'' | | | ||
|Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%93 | |||
|- | |||
|春秋左氏傳 / Chūnqiū Zuǒshì Zhuàn | |||
''Commentaries of Zuǒ on the Spring and Autumn Annals'' | |||
| | | | ||
|Chinese | |Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%B7%A6%E6%B0%8F%E5%82%B3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |春秋公羊傳 / Chūnqiū Gōngyáng Zhuàn | ||
''Commentaries of Gōngyáng on the Spring and Autumn Annals'' | |||
'' | |||
| | | | ||
|Chinese https:// | |Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%B7%A6%E6%B0%8F%E5%82%B3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|春秋穀梁傳 | |春秋穀梁傳 / Chūnqiū Gǔliáng Zhuàn | ||
''Commentaries of Gǔliáng on the Spring and Autumn Annals'' | |||
'' | |||
| | | | ||
|Chinese https://ctext.org/guliang-zhuan | |Chinese https://ctext.org/guliang-zhuan | ||
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E7%A9%80%E6%A2%81%E5%82%B3 | |||
|- | |||
|爾雅 / Ěr Yǎ | |||
''Approaching What is Correct'' | |||
| | |||
|Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%88%BE%E9%9B%85 | |||
|- | |||
|孝經 / Xiào Jīng | |||
''The Classic of Filial Piety'' | |||
| | |||
|Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E7%B6%93 | |||
|- | |||
|孟子 / Mèng Zǐ | |||
''Master Mèng (Mencius)'' | |||
| | |||
|Chinese, English https://ctext.org/mengzi | |||
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%AD%90 | |||
|- | |||
|荀子 / Xún Zǐ | |||
''Master Xún'' | |||
| | |||
|Chinese https://ctext.org/xunzi | |||
|} | |} | ||
Line 631: | Line 895: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Summa Theologiae | |Summa Theologiae | ||
''Summary of Theology of Thomas Aquinas'' | |||
|Reasoning for almost all points of Christian theology in the West, topics of the Summa follow the following cycle: God. Creation, Man, Man's purpose, Christ, the Sacraments, and back to God. | |Reasoning for almost all points of Christian theology in the West, topics of the Summa follow the following cycle: God. Creation, Man, Man's purpose, Christ, the Sacraments, and back to God. | ||
|Latin, English, Spanish https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Summa_Theologiae | |Latin, English, Spanish https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Summa_Theologiae | ||
Line 643: | Line 908: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|鬼谷子 | |鬼谷子 / Guǐgǔ Zǐ | ||
'' | ''Master Guǐgǔ'' | ||
| | | | ||
|Chinese https://ctext.org/gui-gu-zi | |Chinese https://ctext.org/gui-gu-zi | ||
|- | |- | ||
|戰國策 | |戰國策 / Zhàn Guó Cè | ||
'' | ''Strategies of the Warring States'' | ||
| | | | ||
|Chinese https://ctext.org/zhan-guo-ce | |Chinese https://ctext.org/zhan-guo-ce | ||
Line 661: | Line 926: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|公孫龍子 | |公孫龍子 / Gōngsūn Lóng Zǐ | ||
''Master Gōngsūn Lóng'' | |||
''Gōngsūn Lóng | |||
| | | | ||
|Chinese https://ctext.org/gongsunlongzi | |Chinese https://ctext.org/gongsunlongzi | ||
Line 675: | Line 939: | ||
!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|孫子兵法 | |孫子兵法 / Sūn Zǐ Bīng Fǎ | ||
''Master Sun's Military Methods (The Art of War)'' | |||
| | | | ||
|Chinese, English https://ctext.org/art-of-war | |Chinese, English https://ctext.org/art-of-war | ||
|- | |- | ||
|吳子 | |吳子 / Wú Zǐ | ||
''Master Wú'' | |||
''Wú | |||
| | | | ||
|Chinese, English https://ctext.org/wu-zi | |Chinese, English https://ctext.org/wu-zi | ||
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!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|古事記 | |古事記 / Kojiki | ||
''Records of Ancient Matters'' | |||
'' | |||
| | | | ||
|multiple languages https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98 | |multiple languages https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|日本書紀 | |日本書紀 / Nihon Shoki | ||
''The Chronicles of Japan'' | |||
'' | |||
| | | | ||
|multiple languages https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9B%B8%E7%B4%80 | |multiple languages https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9B%B8%E7%B4%80 | ||
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!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ਗੁਰੂ ਗਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ | |ਗੁਰੂ ਗਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ / Guru Granth Sahib | ||
| | | | ||
|Panjabi, English https://www.sikhnet.com/Siri-Guru-Granth-Sahib#tab-read | |Panjabi, English https://www.sikhnet.com/Siri-Guru-Granth-Sahib#tab-read | ||
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!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Τὰ εἰς ἑαυτόν | |Τὰ εἰς ἑαυτόν / Ta eis heauton | ||
'' | ''Things to One's Self (Meditations)'' | ||
|Personal notes by Marc Aurele, written in Greek, addressed to himself and his ideas on Stoical philosophy. | |Personal notes by Marc Aurele, written in Greek, addressed to himself and his ideas on Stoical philosophy. | ||
|Greek, English https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD | |Greek, English https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD | ||
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!link | !link | ||
|- | |- | ||
|اوستا | |<p style="text-align:right;">اوستا</p> / Avesta | ||
' | |Ιs an Iranian religion and one of the world's oldest organized faiths, based on the teachings of the Iranian-speaking prophet Zoroaster. Avesta is the primary collection of religious texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the Avestan language.The Avesta texts fall into several different categories, arranged either by dialect, or by usage. The principal text in the liturgical group is the Yasna, which takes its name from the Yasna ceremony, Zoroastrianism's primary act of worship, and at which the Yasna text is recited. | ||
|English http://avesta.org/ | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Internet-Vocabularies|Internet Vocabularies]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Introduction-to-Sci–Tech-Index|Introduction to Sci–Tech Index]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Internet-resources-for-learning-specific-languages|Internet resources for learning specific languages]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/How-to-locate-the-origin-of-a-video-or-a-photo|How to locate the origin of a video or a photo]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Christmas-Truce|Christmas Truce]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Websites-of-Classified-Advertisement|Websites of Classified Advertisement]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Astrology-in-different-Cultures-and-Languages|Astrology in different Cultures and Languages]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Websites-with-Multilingual-Articles|Websites with Multilingual Articles]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Elements-of-Traditional-Architectures|Elements of Traditional Architectures]] | |||
* [[Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Best-Guitarists|Best Guitarists]] | |||
<span links></span> |
Latest revision as of 20:53, 8 June 2024
basic | Enhanced Reading | ||||
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intermediate | Cuisine Recipes | DIY Procedures | Retailing | Advertisements | Multingual Articles |
advanced | Forums | Recruitment | Laws and Regulations | Philosophy and Religions |
This page has a cousin: Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Religions
Article status: in progress
Ancient Egyptian religion[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
rw n(y)w prt m hrw(w)
Papyrus of Ani |
English https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Papyrus_of_Ani |
Ancient Greek religion[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Οδύσσεια / Odýsseia
Odyssey The Story of Odysseus |
The Odyssey recounts the return home of the hero Ulysses after the Trojan War, written by Homer. | multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B4%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1 |
Ἰλιάς / Iliás
Iliad A Poem about Ilium |
The poem describes the events of the tenth and final year of the siege of Troy by the Greeks, written by Homer. | multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82 |
Θεογονία / Theogoníā
Theogony The Genealogy of the Gods |
A poem by Hesiod that describes the origin of the gods of Greek mythology as they were born and formed in human perception, following the first observations with the Earth (Gaia), the rivers, the vast sea, the shining stars and the vast sky above from everything. | multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1 |
Ancient Iranian religion[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
شاهنامه / ŠāhnāmeThe Book of Kings |
Persian, Arabic, English https://fa.wikisource.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87 |
Ancient Mesopotamian religion[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Epic of Gilgamesh |
Epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia, regarded as the earliest surviving notable literature. It is a collection of legends and includes, among others, the famous myth of the Sumerian Flood. | Hebrew, English, Portuguese https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%A9 |
Ancient Roman religion[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Metamorphoseon libri | The Metamorphoses a Latin narrative poem from 8 CE by the Roman poet Ovid. The poem chronicles the history of the world from its creation to the deification of Julius Caesar in a mythico-historical framework comprising over 250 myths, 15 books, and 11,995 lines. | multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Metamorphoses_(Ovidius) |
Fasti | Ovid’s Fasti is an account of the Roman year and its religious festivals, consisting of 12 books, one to each month, of which the first six survive. The various festivals are described as they occur and are traced to their legendary origins. | Latin https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Fasti |
Baháʼí Faith[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
الكتاب الأقدس / al-Kitāb al-AqdasThe Most Holy Book |
multiple languages https://bahaiprayers.net/AqdasMatrix
English https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/bahaullah/kitab-i-aqdas/ | |
کلمات مكنونة / Kalimát-i-MaknúnihThe Hidden Book |
multiple languages https://bahaiprayers.net/HiddenWordsMatrix
Arabic, Persian https://librivox.org/search?q=Hidden+Words English https://bahai-library.com/bahaullah_hidden_words English https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/bahaullah/hidden-words/ | |
هفت وادی / Haft-VádíThe Seven Valleys |
English https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/bahaullah/call-divine-beloved/1#959114648 | |
چهار وادی / Chahár VádíThe Four Valleys |
English https://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/bahaullah/call-divine-beloved/9#545908212 |
Buddhism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
वज्रच्छेदिकाप्रज्ञापारमितासूत्र / Vajracchedikāprajñāpāramitāsūtra
Diamond Sūtra |
multiple languages https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Vajracchedik%C4%81_Praj%C3%B1%C4%81p%C4%81ramit%C4%81_S%C5%ABtra
Tibetan https://tibetan.works/etext/reader.php?collection=kangyur&index=18 | |
प्रज्ञापारमिताहृदय / Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya
Heart Sūtra |
multiple languages https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF | |
सद्धर्मपुण्डरीकसूत्र / Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtram
Sūtra on the White Lotus of the True Dharma |
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
大藏經 / Dàzàngjīng
Great Storage of Scriptures |
Chinese |
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Pāli Canon |
Vipassana is a universal, scientific method towards purifying the mind.
It is the practical essence of the teachings of the Buddha. |
Pāli https://tipitaka.org/ |
Chinese Folk Religion[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
山海經 / Shǎn Hǎi Jīng
Classic of Mountains and Seas |
Chinese https://ctext.org/shan-hai-jing | |
拾遺記 / Shí Yí Jì
Record of Heretofore Lost Works |
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BE%E9%81%BA%E8%A8%98 | |
封神演義 / Fēng Shén Yǎnyì
Investiture of the Gods |
Chinese https://ctext.org/fengshen-yanyi | |
西遊記 / Xī Yóu Jì
Journey to the West |
Chinese https://ctext.org/xiyouji |
Chinese Legalism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
韓非子 / Hán Fēi Zǐ
Master Hán Fēi |
Chinese https://ctext.org/hanfeizi | |
商君書 / Shāng Jūn Shū
The Book of Lord Shāng |
Chinese, English https://ctext.org/shang-jun-shu | |
申不害 / Shēn Búhài | Chinese, English https://ctext.org/shen-bu-hai | |
慎子 / Shèn Zǐ
Master Shèn |
Chinese https://ctext.org/shenzi |
Chinese Syncretism[edit | edit source]
link | introduction | text |
---|---|---|
呂氏春秋 / Lǚshì Chūnqīu
Master Lǚ's Spring and Autumn Annals |
Chinese https://ctext.org/lv-shi-chun-qiu | |
淮南子 / Huáinán Zǐ
Huáinán Masters |
Chinese https://ctext.org/huainanzi |
Christianity[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
ביבליה / BibliaBible |
The Bible is the holy scripture of the Christian religion, where tell the history of the Earth from its earliest creation to the spread of Christianity in the first century A.D. Both the Old Testament and the New Testament have undergone changes over the centuries. | multiple languages https://www.bible.com/languages
multiple languages https://andbible.github.io/ multiple languages https://www.stepbible.org/ multiple languages https://christos-c.com/bible/ |
Symbolum Apostolicum; Symbolum Apostolorum
Apostles' Creed |
Symbol of Faith in Latin | multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Symbolum_Apostolicum |
Σύμβολο της Πίστεως ή Σύμβολον τῆς Νικαίας / Sýmvolon tis Nikéas
Nicene Creed |
The Nicene Creed is our symbol of faith. It is named after the Council of Nice and draws its formation from the first two ecumenical Councils (325 and 381 A.D.). The first part of the Creed was written during the First Ecumenical Council held in Nicea, Asia Minor, in A.D. | multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%82 |
Symbolum Quicumque
Whosoever Creed (Athanasian Creed) |
The Athanasian Creed divided into two sections, the doctrine of the Trinity, and the doctrine of Christology. Enumerating the three persons of the Trinity (Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit), the first section of the creed ascribes the divine attributes to each individually. Thus, each person of the Trinity is described as uncreated (increatus), limitless (Immensus), eternal (æternus), and omnipotent (omnipotens). Stresses the unity of the three persons in the one Godhead, thus avoiding a theology of tritheism. | multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Symbolum_Quicumque |
Chalcedonian Definition |
The Δ' Ecumenical Council took place in Chalcedon in 451 AD, and is also known as the Council of Chalcedon. It ruled that Jesus Christ is "in two natures" in opposition to the doctrine of Monophysitism. The council also issued canons dealing mainly with the organization of the Church. | Greek https://www.earlychurchtexts.com/main/chalcedon/chalcedonian_definition.shtml |
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Catechismus Catholicae Ecclesiae
Catechism of the Catholic Church |
This 200-page volume offers a quick synopsis of the essential contents of the faith as promulgated in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Compendium has a four-part structure, and includes a section on common prayers and Catholic doctrinal formulas. | multiple languages https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc/index.htm |
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Κλῖμαξ / Klîmax
Ladder (The Ladder of Divine Ascent; Ladder of Paradise) |
The Art of Wisdom
through Ancient Words. A simple man believes anything, but a prudent man gives thought to his steps. |
English http://www.prudencetrue.com/ |
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Der Große Katechismus
The Large Catechism |
English https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1722 | |
Der Kleine Katechismus
The Small Catechism |
multiple languages https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Luther%27s_Small_Catechism
English https://www.projectwittenberg.org/pub/resources/text/wittenberg/luther/little.book/web/book-1.html |
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Catechismus oder christlicher Vnderricht, wie der in Kirchen vnd Schulen der Churfürstlichen Pfaltz getrieben wirdt
Catechism, or Christian Instruction, according to the Usages of the Churches and Schools of the Electoral Palatinate |
English https://librivox.org/the-heidelberg-catechism-by-ursinus-and-olevianus/ |
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Book of Mormon | English, Galician https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Book_of_Mormon
English https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/title-page English https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17 English https://librivox.org/the-book-of-mormon-by-joseph-smith-jr/ |
Daoism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
道德經 / Dàodé Jīng
Classic of the Way and Virtue |
Chinese, English https://ctext.org/dao-de-jing | |
道藏 / Dào Zàng | Chinese https://www.daorenjia.com/
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E9%81%93%E8%97%8F | |
莊子 / Zhuāng Zǐ
Master Zhuāng |
Chinese, English https://ctext.org/zhuangzi | |
列子 / Liè Zǐ
Master Liè |
Chinese https://ctext.org/liezi |
Druze[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
رَسَائِل ٱلْحِكْمَة / Rasa'il al-HikmahEpistles of Wisdom |
Arabic https://www.muhammadanism.org/Arabic/default.htm |
Empiricism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
A Treatise of Human Nature | The Treatise is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, scepticism, and naturalism. Hume defends a sentimentalist account of morality, arguing that ethics is based on sentiment and the passions rather than reason, and famously declaring that "reason is, and ought only to be the slave to the passions". | English, French https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treatise_of_Human_Nature |
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding | The view that all concepts originate in experience, all concepts are about or applicable to things that can be experienced, or that all rationally acceptable beliefs or propositions are justifiable or knowable only through experience. This definition accords with the derivation of the term empiricism from the ancient Greek word empeiria, “experience.” Written by Thomas Aquinas. | English, French https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human_Understanding |
Novum Organum
New Instrument |
multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Novum_Organum |
Epicureanism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Κύριαι Δόξαι / Kūriai Dóxai
Principal Doctrines |
The basic principles of Epicurus philosophy | Greek, French https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%94%CF%8C%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%B9 |
Hinduism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
ऋग्वेद / Ṛgveda
Knowledge of the Praise |
Sanskrit, English https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rvsan/index.htm
Sanskrit, English https://www.holybooks.com/rig-veda/ | |
सामवेद / Sāmaveda
Knowledge of the Song |
Sanskrit, English https://sacred-texts.com/hin/sv.htm | |
यजुर्वेद / Yajurveda
Knowledge of the Worship |
English https://sacred-texts.com/hin/yv/index.htm | |
अथर्ववेदः / Atharvavedaḥ; अथर्वणवेदः / Atharvaṇavedaḥ
Knowledge of the Procedure of Everyday Life |
English https://sacred-texts.com/hin/av/index.htm | |
रामायण / Rāmāyaṇa
Rama's Journey |
Sanskrit, Engish https://readramayana.org/ | |
महाभारतम् / Mahābhāratam | multiple languages https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D | |
पुराण / Purāṇa
Ancient |
Sanskrit https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D |
Islam[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
القرآن / al-QurʾānThe Recitation |
Islam "Submission [to God]" is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered
around the Quran, significant religious text and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam, called Muslims, number approximately 1.9 billion globally and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians. |
multiple languages https://quran.com/
multiple languages https://mp3quran.net/ multiple languages https://quranenc.com/ Arabic, English https://corpus.quran.com/ |
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
صحيح البخاري / Ṣaḥīḥ al-BukhārīAuthentic Bukhari Collection |
Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, English https://sunnah.com/bukhari | |
صحيح مسلم / Ṣaḥīḥ MuslimAuthentic Muslim |
Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, English https://sunnah.com/muslim | |
جامع الترمذي / Jamiʽ at-TirmidhiWell-Trodden Path |
Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, English https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi | |
سنن أبي داود / Sunan Abī DāwūdNarrative of Abī Dāwūd |
Arabic, Urdu, Bengali, English https://sunnah.com/abudawud | |
السنن الصغرى / al-Sunan al-ṢughrāThe Minor Narrative |
||
سُنن ابن ماجه / Sunan Ibn MājahNarrative of Ibn Mājah |
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
ٱلْكَافِي / al-KāfīThe Sufficient |
Arabic, English https://www.hubeali.com/online-books/online-english-books/ | |
مَنْ لَا يَحْضُرُه ٱلْفَقِيه / Man lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-FaqīhHe Who has no Jurisprudent |
||
تَهْذِيب ٱلَأَحْكَام فِي شَرْح ٱلْمُقْنِعَه / Tahdhib al-Ahkam fi Sharh al-Muqni'ahRectification of the Statutes in Explaining the Disguised |
||
ٱلِٱسْتِبْصَار فِيمَا ٱخْتَلَف مِن ٱلْأَخْبَار / al-Istibsar fi-ma ikhtalafa min al-AkhbarReflection Upon the Disputed Traditions |
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
الجامع الصحيح / al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ |
||
ترتيب المسند / Tartib al-Musnad |
Jainism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
षट्खण्डागम / Ṣaṭkhaṅḍāgama
Scripture in Six Parts |
Judaism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
תָּנָ״ךְ / TānāḵLaw-Prophets-Writings (Hebrew Bible) |
Hebrew, English https://www.sefaria.org/texts/Tanakh
Hebrew https://mechon-mamre.org/i/t/t0.htm English https://jps.org/download-the-tanakh-1917-translation/ English https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0.htm English https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/63255/jewish/The-Bible-with-Rashi.htm | |
תַּלְמוּד / TalmūḏInstruction |
Hebrew, English https://www.sefaria.org/texts/Talmud | |
מִדְרָשׁ / MidrashTextual Interpretation |
Hebrew, English https://www.sefaria.org/texts/Midrash |
Kantianism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Critik der reinen Vernunft
Critique of Pure Reason |
multiple languages https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Critik_der_reinen_Vernunft_(1781) |
Machiavellianism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Il Principe
The Prince |
multiple languages https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Il_Principe |
Maya religion[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Chilám Balám | The Chilam Balam are the sacred books of the Maya of Yucatan and were named after their last and greatest prophet. Chilam, or chilan, was his title which means that he was the mouth-piece or interpreter of the gods. Balam means jaguar, but it is also a common family name in Yucatan. |
English https://www.holybooks.com/book-chilam-balam-chumayel/ |
Popol Vuh
Book of the Community |
Popol Vuh is one full text books that from describes the Mayans creation myth, its epic tales of the Hero Twins Hunahpú and Xbalanqué and other spectacular stories. The translations all origin from the Maya documents | Spanish, Russian https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Popol_Vuh |
Mohism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
墨子 / Mò Zǐ
Master Mò |
Chinese, English https://ctext.org/mozi |
Old Norse religion[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Sæmundar Edda
Poetic Edda |
multiple languages https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Poetic_Edda | |
Snorra Edda
Prose Edda |
multiple languages https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Prose_Edda | |
Der Nibelunge liet
The Song of the Nibelungs |
English https://www.gutenberg.org/files/7321/7321-h/7321-h.htm | |
Bēowulf
Beowulf |
English, French https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Beowulf |
Peripatetic school of Aristotle[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
---|---|---|
Μεταφυσικά / Metàphusiká
Those after the Physics (Metaphysics) |
The work of Aristotle, the first scientific research on the first principles and causes (causality) from which different beings derive their essential existence. It is the first metaphysical book in history. | multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%86%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC |
Ὄργανον / Organon
Instrument |
English, French https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Organon | |
Πολιτικά / Politiká
Politics |
Aristotle's treatise on the science of political life. The subject is approached from the point of view of the city-state, considering that it is the one that contributes to the most fulfilled life of the citizen. | multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC |
Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια / Ēthika Nikomacheia
Nicomachean Ethics |
It is one of three treatises that primarily analyze the forms and conditions of Aristotle's moral and intellectual virtue. | multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1 |
Κατηγορίαι / Katēgoriai
Categories |
Aristotle starts from the various abstract concepts - such as the color green, the concept tenderness, the concept low, slow, taste, and multiple - and tries to impose an order. He considers that each concept can be subordinated to a superior and thus arrives at the ten fundamental concepts which they call CATEGORIES | multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%B9 |
Platoism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
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Φαίδων / Phaidōn
Platon |
dialogues relating to the trial and execution of Socrates. | multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CF%89%CE%BD |
Πολιτεία / Politeia
Republic |
The Republic (Greek: Πολιτεία) is a Socratic dialogue, authored by Plato around 375 BCE, concerning justice (δικαιοσύνη), the order and character of the just city-state, and the just man. It is Plato's best-known work, and one of the world's most influential works of philosophy and political theory, both intellectually and historically. | multiple languages https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1 |
Rationalism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
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Ethica, ordine geometryo Demonstrata
Ethics, Demonstrated in Geometrical Order |
is a philosophical treatise written in Latin by Spinoza. It was written 1661 and the book is perhaps the most ambitious attempt to apply the method of Euclid in philosophy. Spinoza puts forward a small number of definitions and axioms from which he attempts to derive hundreds of propositions and corollaries, such as "When the Mind imagines its own lack of power, it is saddened by it". | multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Ethica |
Nouveaux essais sur l'entendement humain
New Essays on Human Understanding |
The New Essays take the form of an imaginary dialogue between two characters: Philalèthe and Théophile.
The New Essays are, with the Theodicy, the only two major works that Leibniz completed. Locke's death, which occurred when Leibniz finished writing it, postponed its publication. When it finally appeared, some sixty years later, Leibniz's philosophy was hardly in vogue. |
French https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Nouveaux_Essais_sur_l%E2%80%99entendement_humain |
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Meditationes de Prima Philosophia, in qua Dei existentia et animæ immortalitas demonstratur
Meditations on First Philosophy, in which the existence of God and the immortality of the soul are demonstrated |
multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Moriae_encomium |
Renaissance humanism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
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Moriae encomium
In Praise of Folly |
multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Moriae_encomium | |
Libellus vere aureus, nec minus salutaris quam festivus, de optimo rei publicae statu deque nova insula Utopia
A truly golden little book, not less beneficial than enjoyable, about how things should be in a state and about the new island Utopia |
multiple languages https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Utopia | |
Ruism[edit | edit source]
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論語 / Lún Yǔ
Selected Sayings (Analects of Confucius) |
Chinese, English https://ctext.org/analects
Chinese, English https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E | |
詩經 / Shī Jīng
Classics of Poetry |
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E7%B6%93 | |
尚書 / Shàng Shū
Book of Documents |
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8 | |
周禮 / Zhōu Lǐ
Rites of Zhōu |
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E7%A6%AE | |
儀禮 / Yí Lǐ
Etiquette and Ceremonial |
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%84%80%E7%A6%AE | |
禮記 / Lǐ Jì
The Book of Rites |
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E8%A8%98 | |
周易 / Zhōu Yì
Book of Changes |
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%93 | |
春秋左氏傳 / Chūnqiū Zuǒshì Zhuàn
Commentaries of Zuǒ on the Spring and Autumn Annals |
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%B7%A6%E6%B0%8F%E5%82%B3 | |
春秋公羊傳 / Chūnqiū Gōngyáng Zhuàn
Commentaries of Gōngyáng on the Spring and Autumn Annals |
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%B7%A6%E6%B0%8F%E5%82%B3 | |
春秋穀梁傳 / Chūnqiū Gǔliáng Zhuàn
Commentaries of Gǔliáng on the Spring and Autumn Annals |
Chinese https://ctext.org/guliang-zhuan
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E7%A9%80%E6%A2%81%E5%82%B3 | |
爾雅 / Ěr Yǎ
Approaching What is Correct |
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%88%BE%E9%9B%85 | |
孝經 / Xiào Jīng
The Classic of Filial Piety |
Chinese https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E7%B6%93 | |
孟子 / Mèng Zǐ
Master Mèng (Mencius) |
Chinese, English https://ctext.org/mengzi | |
荀子 / Xún Zǐ
Master Xún |
Chinese https://ctext.org/xunzi |
Scholasticism[edit | edit source]
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Summa Theologiae
Summary of Theology of Thomas Aquinas |
Reasoning for almost all points of Christian theology in the West, topics of the Summa follow the following cycle: God. Creation, Man, Man's purpose, Christ, the Sacraments, and back to God. | Latin, English, Spanish https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Summa_Theologiae |
School of Diplomacy[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
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鬼谷子 / Guǐgǔ Zǐ
Master Guǐgǔ |
Chinese https://ctext.org/gui-gu-zi | |
戰國策 / Zhàn Guó Cè
Strategies of the Warring States |
Chinese https://ctext.org/zhan-guo-ce |
School of Names[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
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公孫龍子 / Gōngsūn Lóng Zǐ
Master Gōngsūn Lóng |
Chinese https://ctext.org/gongsunlongzi |
School of Military[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
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孫子兵法 / Sūn Zǐ Bīng Fǎ
Master Sun's Military Methods (The Art of War) |
Chinese, English https://ctext.org/art-of-war | |
吳子 / Wú Zǐ
Master Wú |
Chinese, English https://ctext.org/wu-zi |
Shintō[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
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古事記 / Kojiki
Records of Ancient Matters |
multiple languages https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98 | |
日本書紀 / Nihon Shoki
The Chronicles of Japan |
multiple languages https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9B%B8%E7%B4%80 |
Sikhism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
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ਗੁਰੂ ਗਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ / Guru Granth Sahib | Panjabi, English https://www.sikhnet.com/Siri-Guru-Granth-Sahib#tab-read |
Stoicism[edit | edit source]
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Τὰ εἰς ἑαυτόν / Ta eis heauton
Things to One's Self (Meditations) |
Personal notes by Marc Aurele, written in Greek, addressed to himself and his ideas on Stoical philosophy. | Greek, English https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1_%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD |
Zoroastrianism[edit | edit source]
text | introduction | link |
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اوستا / Avesta |
Ιs an Iranian religion and one of the world's oldest organized faiths, based on the teachings of the Iranian-speaking prophet Zoroaster. Avesta is the primary collection of religious texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the Avestan language.The Avesta texts fall into several different categories, arranged either by dialect, or by usage. The principal text in the liturgical group is the Yasna, which takes its name from the Yasna ceremony, Zoroastrianism's primary act of worship, and at which the Yasna text is recited. | English http://avesta.org/ |
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Internet Vocabularies
- Introduction to Sci–Tech Index
- Internet resources for learning specific languages
- How to locate the origin of a video or a photo
- Christmas Truce
- Websites of Classified Advertisement
- Astrology in different Cultures and Languages
- Websites with Multilingual Articles
- Elements of Traditional Architectures
- Best Guitarists