Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"
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**** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]] | **** [[wikipedia:Emoji|emoji]] | ||
**** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]] | **** [[wikipedia:Emoticon|emoticon]] | ||
*[[wikipedia:Punctuation|punctuation]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Comma|comma]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Full_stop|period]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Exclamation_mark|exclamation mark]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Question_mark|question mark]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Colon_(punctuation)|colon]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Quotation_mark|quotation mark]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Hyphen|hyphen]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Dash|dash]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Slash_(punctuation)|slash]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]] | |||
*** round brackets | |||
*** curly brackets | |||
*** square brackets | |||
*** angle brackets | |||
** [[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Space_(punctuation)|space]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Emphasis_(typography)|emphasis]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Italic_type|italic]] | |||
** bold | |||
** [[wikipedia:Underline|underline]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Typeface|typeface]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Roman_type|roman type]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Sans-serif|sans-serif]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Serif|serif]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Font|font]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Computer_font|computer font]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Character_encoding|character encoding]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:ASCII|ASCII]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Mojibake|mojibake]] | |||
== Semantics == | == Semantics == | ||
| Line 157: | Line 192: | ||
* [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]] | * [[wikipedia:Function_word|function word]] | ||
* [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]] | * [[wikipedia:Content_word|content word]] | ||
* [[wikipedia:Grammatical_category|grammatical category]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_person|person]] | |||
*** first person | |||
*** second person | |||
*** third person | |||
** [[wikipedia:Subject_(grammar)|subject]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Object_(grammar)|object]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Argument_(linguistics)|argument]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Adjunct_(grammar)|adjunct]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Valency_(linguistics)|valency]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Honorifics_(linguistics)|honorifics]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|gender]] | |||
*** masculine | |||
*** feminine | |||
*** neuter | |||
*** animate | |||
*** inanimate | |||
** [[wikipedia:Grammatical_case|case]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Nominative_case|nominative case]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Accusative_case|accusative case]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Dative_case|dative case]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Ablative_case|ablative case]] | |||
*** [[wikipedia:Genitive_case|genitive case]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Vocative_case|vocative case]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Locative_case|locative case]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Instrumental_case|instrumental case]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Oblique_case|oblique case]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_tense|tense]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Past_tense|past tense]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Present_tense|present tense]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Future_tense|future tense]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_aspect|aspect]] | |||
***simple aspect | |||
***[[wikipedia:Continuous_and_progressive_aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Perfect_(grammar)|perfect aspect]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Prospective_aspect|prospective aspect]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_mood|mood]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Realis_mood|realis mood]] | |||
****indicative mood | |||
****energenic mood | |||
***[[wikipedia:Irrealis_mood|irrealis mood]] | |||
****[[wikipedia:Subjunctive_mood|subjunctive mood]] | |||
****[[wikipedia:Conditional_mood|conditional mood]] | |||
****[[wikipedia:Optative_mood|optative mood]] | |||
****[[wikipedia:Imperative_mood|imperative mood]] | |||
****[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]] | |||
****[[wikipedia:Jussive_mood|jussive mood]] | |||
****potential mood | |||
****[[wikipedia:Desiderative_mood|desiderative mood]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Voice_(grammar)|voice]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Active_voice|active voice]] | |||
***[[wikipedia:Passive_voice|passive voice]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Hyponymy_and_hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Meronymy|meronym]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Holonymy|holonym]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Synonym|synonym]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Opposite_(semantics)|antonym]] | |||
== Morphology == | == Morphology == | ||
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*** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]] | *** [[wikipedia:Suprafix|suprafix]] | ||
*** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]] | *** [[wikipedia:Disfix|disfix]] | ||
*[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Grammatical_conjugation|conjugation]] | |||
**[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Comparison_(grammar)|comparison]] | |||
**positive | |||
**[[wikipedia:Comparative|comparative]] | |||
**superlative | |||
*[[wikipedia:Affirmation_and_negation|polarity]] | |||
**affirmation | |||
**negation | |||
*[[wikipedia:Grammatical_number|number]] | |||
**singular | |||
**[[wikipedia:Plural|plural]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Clusivity|clusivity]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Animacy|animacy]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Telicity|telicity]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Topic_and_comment|topic & comment]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Serial_verb_construction|serial verb construction]] | |||
== Syntax == | == Syntax == | ||
| Line 274: | Line 387: | ||
**minor sentence | **minor sentence | ||
*[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]] | *[[wikipedia:Copula_(linguistics)|copula]] | ||
*[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar | *[[wikipedia:Predicate_(grammar)|predicate]] | ||
*[wikipedia:Attributive | *[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]] | ||
*[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)][[wikipedia: | *[[wikipedia:Complement_(linguistics)|complement]] | ||
*[[wikipedia:Collocation|collocation]] | |||
== Rhetoric == | |||
* [[wikipedia:Figure_of_speech|figure of speech]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Allusion|allusion]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Analogy|analogy]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphism]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Cliché|cliché]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Euphemism|euphemism]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Irony|irony]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Metaphor|metaphor]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Personification|personification]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Parallelism_(rhetoric)|parallelism]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Parody|parody]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Satire|satire]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Simile|simile]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Synecdoche|synecdoche]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]] | |||
== Linguistic typology == | |||
* [[wikipedia:Word_order|word order]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analystic language]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Isolating_language|isolating language]] | |||
* [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic language]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Fusional_language|fusional language]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Agglutinative_language|agglutinative language]] | |||
** [[wikipedia:Polysynthetic_language|polysynthetic language]] | |||
== Historical Linguistics == | == Historical Linguistics == | ||
* [[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]] | *[[wikipedia:Language_family|language family]] | ||
*[[wikipedia:Dialect_continuum|dialect continuum]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Language_isolate|language isolate]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Proto-language|proto-language]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Constructed_language|constructed language]] | |||
*[[wikipedia:Kurgan_hypothesis|Kurgan hypothesis]] | |||
== Anthropological linguistics == | |||
* [[wikipedia:Linguistic_relativity|linguistic relativity]] | |||
== Lexicostatistics == | == Lexicostatistics == | ||
Revision as of 23:08, 12 August 2024
Must-know words for polyglots.
[Lesson in progress]
Polyglots are really passionate about language learning and linguistics, therefore it's important for them to learn all kinds of terms. On this page, you will find the most important ones.
If you need a full GLOSSARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS, see SIL and Wiktionary
Branches of Linguistics
- linguistics
- semiotics
Lexicology
- varity
- dialect
- ideolect
- standard language
- lexeme
- clitic
- word
- lemma
- transliteration
- transcription
- idiom
- proverb
Historical Linguistics
Interlinguistics
Sociolinguistics
Phonetics and Phonology
- phone
- place of articulation
- manner of articulation
- occlusive
Typography
- letter
- letter case
- diacritic
- glyph
- grapheme
- writing system
- punctuation
- comma
- period
- exclamation mark
- question mark
- colon
- semicolon
- quotation mark
- apostrophe
- hyphen
- dash
- ellipsis
- slash
- brackets
- round brackets
- curly brackets
- square brackets
- angle brackets
- interpunct
- space
- emphasis
- typeface
- character encoding
Semantics
- seme
- sememe
- function word
- content word
- grammatical category
- person
- first person
- second person
- third person
- subject
- object
- argument
- adjunct
- complement
- valency
- honorifics
- gender
- masculine
- feminine
- neuter
- animate
- inanimate
- case
- tense
- aspect
- mood
- realis mood
- indicative mood
- energenic mood
- irrealis mood
- realis mood
- voice
- person
- attributive
- adverbial
- hyponym & hypernym
- meronym
- holonym
- synonym
- antonym
Morphology
- morpheme
- word formation
- root
- inflection
- comparison
- positive
- comparative
- superlative
- polarity
- affirmation
- negation
- number
- singular
- plural
- clusivity
- animacy
- telicity
- topic & comment
- serial verb construction
Syntax
- grammar
- parse tree
- constituency-based parse tree
- dependency-based parse tree
- part of speech
- conjunction
- interjection
- contraction
- particle
- classifier
- numeral
- adjective
- attributive adjective
- predicative adjective
- nominalized adjective
- adverb
- determiner
- article
- definite article
- indifinite article
- zero article
- demonstrative determiner
- possessive determiner
- quantifier
- article
- adposition
- preposition
- postposition
- circumposition
- noun
- countable noun
- uncountable noun
- collective noun
- abstract noun
- concrete noun
- common noun
- proper noun
- pronoun
- verb
- phrase
- clause
- argument clause
- adjuctive clause
- predicative clause
- clause dependent clause
- clause independent clause
- sentence
- simple sentence
- compound sentence
- complex sentence
- compound–complex sentence
- declaritive sentence
- interrogative sentence
- exclamatory sentence
- imperative sentence
- instructive sentence
- major sentence
- minor sentence
- copula
- predicate
- attributive
- complement
- collocation
Rhetoric
Linguistic typology
Historical Linguistics
- language family
- dialect continuum
- language isolate
- proto-language
- constructed language
- Kurgan hypothesis