Difference between revisions of "Language/Lao/Grammar/Present-Tense"

Latest revision as of 11:36, 2 August 2024

◀️ Eating Customs and Etiquette — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

Lao → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Present Tense

Welcome to this exciting lesson on the present tense in Lao! Understanding how to express actions that are happening now is crucial for effective communication, and mastering the present tense will be a significant step on your journey to fluency. In this lesson, we'll explore how to form and use the present tense, including both regular and irregular verbs. We'll also provide plenty of examples and exercises to help reinforce your learning.

Before we dive into the details, here’s a brief overview of what we’ll cover:

The structure of the present tense in Lao

Regular verbs and their conjugation

Irregular verbs and their unique forms

Practical examples to illustrate usage

Exercises to practice forming the present tense

Let’s get started!

The Structure of the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

In Lao, forming the present tense is relatively straightforward compared to many other languages. The present tense is primarily expressed using the base form of the verb. This simplicity is one of the beautiful aspects of the Lao language.

== Basic Structure

In Lao, the present tense does not require auxiliary verbs like “to be” in English. Instead, the verb itself conveys the action directly.

Subject + Verb

For example:

I eat. = ຂໍ້ມະດຸກ. (khony ma duk.)

== Regular Verbs

Regular verbs in Lao follow a consistent pattern. Let’s take a closer look at how to conjugate them in the present tense.

Examples of Regular Verb Conjugation

Below are some regular verbs in Lao and how they are used in the present tense:

Lao	Pronunciation	English
ຂຽນ	khian	to write
ຂຽນບົດ	khian bot	I write
ອ່ານ	aan	to read
ອ່ານບົດ	aan bot	I read
ກິນ	kin	to eat
ກິນຂໍ້ມະດຸກ	kin khony ma duk	I eat
ດູ	duu	to watch
ດູທະມະຊາດ	duu thammasat	I watch television
ສຶກສາ	seuk sa	to study
ສຶກສາພາສາ	seuk sa phasa	I study language

As you can see, each of these verbs remains unchanged, and the subject clarifies who is performing the action.

== Irregular Verbs

While many verbs in Lao are regular, some can be a bit tricky. Let’s look at a few irregular verbs and how they differ in the present tense.

Examples of Irregular Verb Conjugation

Lao	Pronunciation	English
ມີ	mee	to have
ຂໍ້ມະດຸກມີ	khony ma duk mee	I have food
ຮູ້	huu	to know
ຂໍ້ມະດຸກຮູ້	khony ma duk huu	I know food
ຈິງ	jing	to be true
ຂໍ້ມະດຸກຈິງ	khony ma duk jing	I am true
ດີ	dii	to be good
ຂໍ້ມະດຸກດີ	khony ma duk dii	I am good

These verbs have unique forms that you’ll need to memorize.

Practical Examples[edit | edit source]

Let’s look at some practical sentences using both regular and irregular verbs in the present tense. This will help to solidify your understanding.

Here are some examples:

1. I write a letter. = ຂໍ້ມະດຸກໃບຈົດ. (khony ma duk bai jot.)

2. They read a book. = ພວກເຂົ້າອ່ານປຶ້ມ. (phuak khao aan phim.)

3. She eats rice. = ເຂົ້າກິນຂໍ້ມະດຸກ. (khao kin khony ma duk.)

4. We watch a movie. = ພວກເຮົາດູຟິວ. (phuak hao duu fiu.)

5. He studies English. = ເຂົ້າສຶກສາພາສາອັງກິດ. (khao seuk sa phasa angkit.)

6. I have a pen. = ຂໍ້ມະດຸກມີປັນ. (khony ma duk mee pan.)

7. They know the answer. = ພວກເຂົ້າຮູ້ຄຳຕອບ. (phuak khao huu kham top.)

8. She is good at math. = ເຂົ້າດີສຳລັບຄິດໄດ່. (khao dii samlap khit dai.)

9. We like to travel. = ພວກເຮົາມັກເດິນທາງ. (phuak hao mak den tang.)

10. I enjoy music. = ຂໍ້ມະດຸກມັກດົນຕຣີ. (khony ma duk mak dontri.)

These examples demonstrate how the present tense is applied in everyday situations.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it’s your turn to practice what you’ve learned! Here are some exercises to help you apply the concepts of the present tense.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

1. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກມີ (to have) ________ ກະດູນ.

2. ພວກເຂົ້າອ່ານ (to read) ________ ປຶ້ມ.

3. ເຂົ້າກິນ (to eat) ________ ຂໍ້ມະດຸກ.

4. ພວກເຮົາດູ (to watch) ________ ທະມະຊາດ.

5. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກຮູ້ (to know) ________ ຄຳຕອບ.

Solutions to Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກມີ (ກະດູນ). (I have food.)

2. ພວກເຂົ້າອ່ານ (ປຶ້ມ). (They read a book.)

3. ເຂົ້າກິນ (ຂໍ້ມະດຸກ). (She eats food.)

4. ພວກເຮົາດູ (ທະມະຊາດ). (We watch TV.)

5. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກຮູ້ (ຄຳຕອບ). (I know the answer.)

Exercise 2: Conjugation Practice[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for "I".

1. ຂຽນ (to write)

2. ອ່ານ (to read)

3. ກິນ (to eat)

4. ດູ (to watch)

5. ສຶກສາ (to study)

Solutions to Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກຂຽນ (khony ma duk khian) - I write.

2. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກອ່ານ (khony ma duk aan) - I read.

3. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກກິນ (khony ma duk kin) - I eat.

4. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກດູ (khony ma duk duu) - I watch.

5. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກສຶກສາ (khony ma duk seuk sa) - I study.

Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences from English to Lao.

1. I have a dog.

2. They eat fruit.

3. She knows the answer.

4. We study math.

5. He reads the newspaper.

Solutions to Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກມີແບບ. (khony ma duk mee baep.) - I have a dog.

2. ພວກເຂົ້າກິນເອກະສານ. (phuak khao kin ekkasaan.) - They eat fruit.

3. ເຂົ້າຮູ້ຄຳຕອບ. (khao huu kham top.) - She knows the answer.

4. ພວກເຮົາສຶກສາຄິດໄດ່. (phuak hao seuk sa khit dai.) - We study math.

5. ເຂົ້າອ່ານລົງຄະແນນ. (khao aan longkhan.) - He reads the newspaper.

Exercise 4: Match the Subjects with Verbs[edit | edit source]

Match the subjects on the left with the correct verb on the right.

1. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກ (I)

2. ພວກເຂົ້າ (They)

3. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກ (She)

4. ພວກເຮົາ (We)

5. ເຂົ້າ (He)

a. ອ່ານ (to read)

b. ກິນ (to eat)

c. ສຶກສາ (to study)

d. ຮູ້ (to know)

e. ດູ (to watch)

Solutions to Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

1. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກອ່ານ (I read) - a. ອ່ານ

2. ພວກເຂົ້າກິນ (They eat) - b. ກິນ

3. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກຮູ້ (She knows) - d. ຮູ້

4. ພວກເຮົາສຶກສາ (We study) - c. ສຶກສາ

5. ເຂົ້າດູ (He watches) - e. ດູ

Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the verbs provided, create sentences in the present tense.

1. ກິນ (to eat)

2. ຂຽນ (to write)

3. ອ່ານ (to read)

4. ດູ (to watch)

5. ສຶກສາ (to study)

Solutions to Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

Students will create their own sentences based on the verbs. For example:

1. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກກິນທີ່ໃຫຍ່. (I eat a big meal.)

2. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກຂຽນໃບຈົດ. (I write a letter.)

3. ພວກເຂົ້າອ່ານປຶ້ມໃນສະຖານທີ່. (They read a book in the library.)

4. ພວກເຮົາດູຟິວຄຣິບ. (We watch a thriller movie.)

5. ເຂົ້າສຶກສາພາສາລາວ. (He studies Lao language.)

As you can see, practicing these exercises will help you get a solid grasp of the present tense in Lao. Don’t hesitate to go back and review the examples and structure if needed.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing this lesson on the present tense in Lao! You've learned how to form sentences that express actions happening now, using both regular and irregular verbs. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep applying what you’ve learned in your conversations and writing.

In the next lesson, we will explore the past tense, building on the foundation you've established in this lesson. Keep up the great work, and don't forget to practice regularly!

Table of Contents - Lao Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Greetings and Introductions

Pronouns and Verb to be

Numbers and Time

Nouns and Plurals

Family and Relationships

Adjectives and Adverbs

Food and Drinks

Lao Customs and Etiquette

Questions and Negations

Travel and Transportation

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Shopping and Money

Lao Food and Dining

Tenses and Verb Conjugation

Weather and Seasons

Comparatives and Superlatives

Hobbies and Interests

Lao Music and Arts

Videos[edit | edit source]

Basic Lao Grammar: Present tense - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Lao Basic Grammar: Present Continuous Tense - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Eating Customs and Etiquette — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Lao/Culture/Eating-Customs-and-Etiquette|◀️ Eating Customs and Etiquette — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Lao/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Lao-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Lao|Lao]]  → [[Language/Lao/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Lao/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Present Tense</div>
+Welcome to this exciting lesson on the '''present tense''' in Lao! Understanding how to express actions that are happening now is crucial for effective communication, and mastering the present tense will be a significant step on your journey to fluency. In this lesson, we'll explore how to form and use the present tense, including both regular and irregular verbs. We'll also provide plenty of examples and exercises to help reinforce your learning.
-<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Lao|Lao]]  → [[Language/Lao/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Lao/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Tenses and Verb Conjugation → Present Tense</div>
+Before we dive into the details, here’s a brief overview of what we’ll cover:
+* The structure of the present tense in Lao
+* Regular verbs and their conjugation
+* Irregular verbs and their unique forms
+* Practical examples to illustrate usage
+* Exercises to practice forming the present tense
+Let’s get started!
 __TOC__
-<h1>Introduction</h1>
+=== The Structure of the Present Tense ===
-In this lesson, you will learn about the present tense in Lao, including how to form and use regular and irregular verbs. The present tense is used to describe actions that are happening right now, habitual actions, and general truths.
+In Lao, forming the present tense is relatively straightforward compared to many other languages. The present tense is primarily expressed using the base form of the verb. This simplicity is one of the beautiful aspects of the Lao language.
-<h2>Regular Verbs</h2>
+== Basic Structure
-Regular verbs in Lao follow a predictable pattern when conjugated in the present tense. Most verbs end in "-ດ" (d) or "-ບ" (b) and replace these endings with "-ະດ" (ad) or "-ະບ" (ab) in the present tense.
+In Lao, the present tense does not require auxiliary verbs like “to be” in English. Instead, the verb itself conveys the action directly.
-Let's take the verb "ດີ" (to eat) as an example:
+* '''Subject + Verb'''
+For example:
+* I eat. = ຂໍ້ມະດຸກ. (khony ma duk.)
+== Regular Verbs
+Regular verbs in Lao follow a consistent pattern. Let’s take a closer look at how to conjugate them in the present tense.
+'''Examples of Regular Verb Conjugation'''
+Below are some regular verbs in Lao and how they are used in the present tense:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Lao !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| ຂ້ອຍກໍເຮັດອາຫານ || koy ke het aan || I am eating
+| ຂຽນ || khian || to write
 |-
-| ຜູ້ໃຫຍ່ກໍເຮັດອາຫານ || phu nyai ke het aan || she is eating
+| ຂຽນບົດ || khian bot || I write
 |-
-| ພັນຕະຫຼາດຝົນ || pan ta lot fon || we eat
+| ອ່ານ || aan || to read
 |-
-| ຜູ້ຍິງຂ້ື້ນກໍເຮັດອາຫານ || phu ying khoon ke het aan || they are eating
-|}
-As you can see, the endings -ad and -ab are added to the verb root to form the present tense. Note that the subject pronouns are frequently omitted in Lao when the context makes it clear who is performing the action.
+| ອ່ານບົດ || aan bot || I read
-<h2>Irregular Verbs</h2>
+|-
-Not all verbs in Lao follow the regular verb conjugation pattern. Some have irregular stems or are formed in completely unique ways in the present tense. Let's look at a few examples:
+| ກິນ || kin || to eat
-The verb "ມັກ" (to come) is irregular in the present tense:
+|-
+| ກິນຂໍ້ມະດຸກ || kin khony ma duk || I eat
-{| class="wikitable"
-! Lao !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| ຂ້ອຍມັກສິ່ງ || koy maa seng || I am coming
+| ດູ || duu || to watch
 |-
-| ຜູ້ໃຫຍ່ມັກສິ່ງ || phu nyai maa seng || she is coming
+| ດູທະມະຊາດ || duu thammasat || I watch television
 |-
-| ພັນຕະຫຼາດມັກສົດ || pan ta lot maa sod || we are coming
+| ສຶກສາ || seuk sa || to study
 |-
-| ຜູ້ຍິງມັກສິ່ງ || phu ying maa seng || they are coming
+| ສຶກສາພາສາ || seuk sa phasa || I study language
 |}
-As you can see, the verb stem changes from "ມັກ" (maak) to "ມັກສິ່ງ" (maak sing) in the present tense.
+As you can see, each of these verbs remains unchanged, and the subject clarifies who is performing the action.
-Here's another example with the verb "ກຳລັງ" (to work):
+== Irregular Verbs
+While many verbs in Lao are regular, some can be a bit tricky. Let’s look at a few irregular verbs and how they differ in the present tense.
+'''Examples of Irregular Verb Conjugation'''
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Lao !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| ຂ້ອຍກຳລັງເຮັດ || koy kum-lang het || I am working
+| ມີ || mee || to have
 |-
-| ຜູ້ໃຫຍ່ກຳລັງເຮັດ || phu nyai kum-lang het || she is working
+| ຂໍ້ມະດຸກມີ || khony ma duk mee || I have food
 |-
-| ພັນຕະຫຼາດກຳລັງເຮັດ || pan ta lot kum-lang het || we are working
+| ຮູ້ || huu || to know
 |-
-| ຜູ້ຍິງກຳລັງເຮັດ || phu ying kum-lang het || they are working
+| ຂໍ້ມະດຸກຮູ້ || khony ma duk huu || I know food
+|-
+| ຈິງ || jing || to be true
+|-
+| ຂໍ້ມະດຸກຈິງ || khony ma duk jing || I am true
+|-
+| ດີ || dii || to be good
+|-
+| ຂໍ້ມະດຸກດີ || khony ma duk dii || I am good
 |}
-In this case, the verb root remains the same, but the ending "-ລັງ" (lang) is added to it.
+These verbs have unique forms that you’ll need to memorize.
+=== Practical Examples ===
+Let’s look at some practical sentences using both regular and irregular verbs in the present tense. This will help to solidify your understanding.
+Here are some examples:
+. I write a letter. = ຂໍ້ມະດຸກໃບຈົດ. (khony ma duk bai jot.)
+. They read a book. = ພວກເຂົ້າອ່ານປຶ້ມ. (phuak khao aan phim.)
-<h2>Usage</h2>
+. She eats rice. = ເຂົ້າກິນຂໍ້ມະດຸກ. (khao kin khony ma duk.)
-The present tense in Lao is used to describe actions that are happening right now, habitual actions, and general truths.
+. We watch a movie. = ພວກເຮົາດູຟິວ. (phuak hao duu fiu.)
-For example, you can use the present tense to say:
+. He studies English. = ເຂົ້າສຶກສາພາສາອັງກິດ. (khao seuk sa phasa angkit.)
-* "ຂ້ອຍທີ່ນີ້ເຮັດຕາມເວລາ" (I am eating now)
+. I have a pen. = ຂໍ້ມະດຸກມີປັນ. (khony ma duk mee pan.)
-* "ຜູ້ໃຫຍ່ມັກມື້ນີ້" (She is coming today)
-* "ພັນອາຫານຕາມວັນນີ້" (We eat every day)
-* "ຜູ້ຍິງຍັງດີຂ້ອຍແນ່ນອນ" (They still like me)
-In addition to its primary use, the present tense is also frequently used to express future actions or plans. For example, you can say "ຂ້ອຍຈະເຮັດຕາມວັນນີ້" (I will eat today).
+. They know the answer. = ພວກເຂົ້າຮູ້ຄຳຕອບ. (phuak khao huu kham top.)
-<h2>Summary</h2>
+. She is good at math. = ເຂົ້າດີສຳລັບຄິດໄດ່. (khao dii samlap khit dai.)
-In this lesson, you have learned about the present tense in Lao, including how to form and use regular and irregular verbs. Remember that the present tense is used to describe actions that are happening right now, habitual actions, and general truths. To form the present tense for regular verbs, add -ad or -ab to the verb root. Irregular verbs have unique conjugation patterns that must be memorized.
+. We like to travel. = ພວກເຮົາມັກເດິນທາງ. (phuak hao mak den tang.)
-{{Lao-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+. I enjoy music. = ຂໍ້ມະດຸກມັກດົນຕຣີ. (khony ma duk mak dontri.)
+These examples demonstrate how the present tense is applied in everyday situations.
+=== Exercises ===
+Now it’s your turn to practice what you’ve learned! Here are some exercises to help you apply the concepts of the present tense.
+==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
+Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in parentheses.
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກມີ (to have) ________ ກະດູນ.
+. ພວກເຂົ້າອ່ານ (to read) ________ ປຶ້ມ.
+. ເຂົ້າກິນ (to eat) ________ ຂໍ້ມະດຸກ.
+. ພວກເຮົາດູ (to watch) ________ ທະມະຊາດ.
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກຮູ້ (to know) ________ ຄຳຕອບ.
+==== Solutions to Exercise 1 ====
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກມີ (ກະດູນ). (I have food.)
+. ພວກເຂົ້າອ່ານ (ປຶ້ມ). (They read a book.)
+. ເຂົ້າກິນ (ຂໍ້ມະດຸກ). (She eats food.)
+. ພວກເຮົາດູ (ທະມະຊາດ). (We watch TV.)
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກຮູ້ (ຄຳຕອບ). (I know the answer.)
+==== Exercise 2: Conjugation Practice ====
+Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for "I".
+. ຂຽນ (to write)
+. ອ່ານ (to read)
+. ກິນ (to eat)
+. ດູ (to watch)
+. ສຶກສາ (to study)
+==== Solutions to Exercise 2 ====
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກຂຽນ (khony ma duk khian) - I write.
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກອ່ານ (khony ma duk aan) - I read.
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກກິນ (khony ma duk kin) - I eat.
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກດູ (khony ma duk duu) - I watch.
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກສຶກສາ (khony ma duk seuk sa) - I study.
+==== Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences ====
+Translate the following sentences from English to Lao.
+. I have a dog.
+. They eat fruit.
+. She knows the answer.
+. We study math.
+. He reads the newspaper.
+==== Solutions to Exercise 3 ====
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກມີແບບ. (khony ma duk mee baep.) - I have a dog.
+. ພວກເຂົ້າກິນເອກະສານ. (phuak khao kin ekkasaan.) - They eat fruit.
+. ເຂົ້າຮູ້ຄຳຕອບ. (khao huu kham top.) - She knows the answer.
+. ພວກເຮົາສຶກສາຄິດໄດ່. (phuak hao seuk sa khit dai.) - We study math.
+. ເຂົ້າອ່ານລົງຄະແນນ. (khao aan longkhan.) - He reads the newspaper.
+==== Exercise 4: Match the Subjects with Verbs ====
+Match the subjects on the left with the correct verb on the right.
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກ (I)
+. ພວກເຂົ້າ (They)
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກ (She)
+. ພວກເຮົາ (We)
+. ເຂົ້າ (He)
+a. ອ່ານ (to read)
+b. ກິນ (to eat)
+c. ສຶກສາ (to study)
+d. ຮູ້ (to know)
+e. ດູ (to watch)
+==== Solutions to Exercise 4 ====
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກອ່ານ (I read) - a. ອ່ານ
+. ພວກເຂົ້າກິນ (They eat) - b. ກິນ
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກຮູ້ (She knows) - d. ຮູ້
+. ພວກເຮົາສຶກສາ (We study) - c. ສຶກສາ
+. ເຂົ້າດູ (He watches) - e. ດູ
+==== Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences ====
+Using the verbs provided, create sentences in the present tense.
+. ກິນ (to eat)
+. ຂຽນ (to write)
+. ອ່ານ (to read)
+. ດູ (to watch)
+. ສຶກສາ (to study)
+==== Solutions to Exercise 5 ====
+Students will create their own sentences based on the verbs. For example:
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກກິນທີ່ໃຫຍ່. (I eat a big meal.)
+. ຂໍ້ມະດຸກຂຽນໃບຈົດ. (I write a letter.)
+. ພວກເຂົ້າອ່ານປຶ້ມໃນສະຖານທີ່. (They read a book in the library.)
+. ພວກເຮົາດູຟິວຄຣິບ. (We watch a thriller movie.)
+. ເຂົ້າສຶກສາພາສາລາວ. (He studies Lao language.)
+As you can see, practicing these exercises will help you get a solid grasp of the present tense in Lao. Don’t hesitate to go back and review the examples and structure if needed.
+=== Conclusion ===
+Congratulations on completing this lesson on the present tense in Lao! You've learned how to form sentences that express actions happening now, using both regular and irregular verbs. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep applying what you’ve learned in your conversations and writing.
+In the next lesson, we will explore the past tense, building on the foundation you've established in this lesson. Keep up the great work, and don't forget to practice regularly!
+{{#seo:
+|title=Lao Grammar: Present Tense
+|keywords=Lao language, present tense, Lao grammar, learn Lao, beginner Lao
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present tense in Lao, including regular and irregular verbs, with examples and exercises.
+}}
+{{Template:Lao-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
 [[Category:Course]]
@@ Line 89: / Line 343: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Lao-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Videos==
@@ Line 101: / Line 352: @@
 ===Lao Basic Grammar: Present Continuous Tense - YouTube===
 <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCMHJ6gs92c</youtube>
+==Sources==
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao_grammar Lao grammar - Wikipedia]
+* [https://www.teflcourse.net/blog/the-most-common-problems-students-in-laos-face-when-learning-english-ittt-tefl-blog/ The Most Common Problems Students in Laos Face When Learning ...]
+* [https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/4415432/mod_folder/content/0/Mouton%20Grammar%20Library/MGL%2038%20Enfield.%20A%20Grammar%20of%20Lao.pdf?forcedownload=1 A Grammar of Lao]
+==Other Lessons==
+* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
+* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
+* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
+* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
+* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Adverbs|Adverbs]]
+* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
+* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
+* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
+* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
+* [[Language/Lao/Grammar/Verb-to-be|Verb to be]]
 {{Lao-Page-Bottom}}
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Lao/Culture/Eating-Customs-and-Etiquette|◀️ Eating Customs and Etiquette — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Lao/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>