Difference between revisions of "Language/Lao/Grammar/Nouns"

Latest revision as of 11:19, 2 August 2024

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Lao → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Nouns

Welcome to our lesson on Lao nouns! Nouns are fundamental building blocks in any language, and in Lao, they help us name people, places, things, and ideas. Understanding nouns is crucial not only for constructing sentences but also for fully engaging in conversations. In this lesson, we’ll explore the types of nouns in Lao, their usage, and how you can effectively incorporate them into your day-to-day communication.

The structure of our lesson will be as follows:

Introduction to Nouns

Types of Nouns

Common Nouns

Proper Nouns

Abstract Nouns

Collective Nouns

Using Nouns in Sentences

Examples of Nouns

Exercises for Practice

Conclusion

Introduction to Nouns[edit | edit source]

Nouns in Lao, like in English, serve the essential function of naming entities. Whether you're referring to your family, your favorite foods, or places you want to visit, nouns are everywhere! By mastering nouns, you’ll gain the confidence to express your thoughts clearly and accurately.

Types of Nouns[edit | edit source]

Lao nouns can be classified into various categories. Let’s explore them one by one.

Common Nouns[edit | edit source]

Common nouns refer to general items or concepts. These can be objects, people, or places that are not unique.

Lao	Pronunciation	English
ບໍ່ລົດ	bɔ̄ː lót	car
ເຮືອນ	hɯ̄ən	house
ສົດ	sòt	fish
ແອັບເພື່ອນ	æp pʰɯ̄ən	friend
ສິນຄ້າ	sǐn kʰā	goods

Proper Nouns[edit | edit source]

Proper nouns are unique identifiers for specific entities, such as names of people or places.

Lao	Pronunciation	English
ສົງຄະດີ	sǒŋ kʰā dī	Songkhone (a place)
ສິລິນ	sǐlīn	Silin (a person's name)
ເມືອງວຽງຈັນ	mɯ̄aŋ wǐāŋ cān	Vientiane (capital city)
ສໍາພັນໄທ	sǎmpʰān tʰāi	Thai Airlines
ເສັງສິນ	sɛ́ŋ sǐn	Seng Sin (a company)

Abstract Nouns[edit | edit source]

Abstract nouns refer to concepts or ideas that cannot be physically touched.

Lao	Pronunciation	English
ຄວາມສຸກ	khwām sùk	happiness
ຄວາມຈິງ	khwām cīŋ	truth
ຄວາມຮັກ	khwām hāk	love
ຄວາມຈິດສານ	khwām cít sāan	intelligence
ຄວາມດີ	khwām dī	goodness

Collective Nouns[edit | edit source]

Collective nouns refer to a group of individuals or items.

Lao	Pronunciation	English
ຄະຕິດຮູບ	kʰā tʰìt hūp	team
ກຸ່ມ	kǔm	group
ສະຖານທີ່ໃກ້ລົດ	sà tʰān tʰī nà	flock
ສະຖານທີ່	sà tʰān tʰī	crowd
ນັກສຶກສາ	nǎk sɯ́k sǎ	students

Using Nouns in Sentences[edit | edit source]

To use nouns effectively, you need to know how they can fit into sentences. Let's look at some basic sentence structures.

1. Subject + Verb + Object

Example: ຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນ (I want a friend).

2. Subject + Verb + Complement

Example: ຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນສົດ (I want a fresh fish).

3. Question Format

Example: ເວົ້າວ່າບໍ່ລົດໃດ? (Which car are you talking about?).

Examples of Nouns[edit | edit source]

Let’s look at some more examples of nouns in sentences.

Lao	Pronunciation	English
ຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນ	kʰɔ̄ː æp pʰɯ̄ən	I want a friend
ບໍ່ລົດສົດ	bɔ̄ː lót sòt	fresh car
ຂໍສິນຄ້າຈາກຮ່ອນ	kʰɔ̄ː sǐn kʰā jàːk hǭn	I want goods from home
ເຂົ້າສົດ	kʰāo sòt	fresh rice
ສົງຄະດີສົງ	sǒŋ kʰā dī sǒŋ	Songkhone is beautiful

Exercises for Practice[edit | edit source]

Now, let's put your understanding to the test! Here are some exercises that will help you practice what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Identify Nouns[edit | edit source]

Read the following sentences and identify the nouns.

1. ຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນສົດ.

2. ບໍ່ລົດສົດມາແລ້ວ.

3. ຂໍສິນຄ້າຈາກຮ່ອນ.

Solutions:

1. ແອັບເພື່ອນ, ສົດ

2. ບໍ່ລົດ, ສົດ

3. ສິນຄ້າ, ຮ່ອນ

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the appropriate nouns from the list: [ດອກໄມ້, ບໍ່ລົດ, ເຮືອນ]

1. ຂໍດອກໄມ້ໃນສະຖານທີ່ນີ້.

2. ບໍ່ລົດຂອງຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນສົດ.

3. ເຮືອນຂອງຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນສົດ.

Solutions:

1. ດອກໄມ້

2. ບໍ່ລົດ

3. ເຮືອນ

Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences from English to Lao.

1. I have a car.

2. My friend is happy.

3. The students are in the classroom.

Solutions:

1. ຂໍມີບໍ່ລົດ.

2. ສິນຄ້າຂອງຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນສົດ.

3. ນັກສຶກສາຢູ່ໃນບໍ່ລົດ.

Exercise 4: Match the Nouns[edit | edit source]

Match the following Lao nouns with their English translations.

1. ຄວາມສຸກ

2. ສົງຄະດີ

3. ກຸ່ມ

a. happiness

b. group

c. Songkhone

Solutions:

1 - a

2 - c

3 - b

Exercise 5: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Create sentences using the following nouns: [ສາຍ, ເຮືອນ, ບໍ່ລົດ]

Solutions:

1. ສາຍຢູ່ໃນບໍ່ລົດ.

2. ເຮືອນປ່າສົດ.

3. ບໍ່ລົດຂອງຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນສົດ.

Exercise 6: Choose the Right Noun[edit | edit source]

Choose the correct noun to complete the sentence.

1. ຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນສົດ ທີ່ໂດຍແອັບເພື່ອນ... (ນັກສຶກສາ/ສິນຄ້າ).

Solutions:

Answer: ນັກສຶກສາ

Exercise 7: List Nouns[edit | edit source]

List five common nouns in Lao related to family.

Solutions:

1. ແມ່ (mother)

2. ບໍ່ (father)

3. ນ້ອງ (younger sibling)

4. ອາຍູ (older sibling)

5. ລູກ (child)

Exercise 8: Noun Classification[edit | edit source]

Classify the following nouns as common, proper, abstract, or collective: [ສິນຄ້າ, ສົງຄະດີ, ຄວາມສຸກ].

Solutions:

ສິນຄ້າ: Common

ສົງຄະດີ: Proper

ຄວາມສຸກ: Abstract

Exercise 9: Sentence Construction[edit | edit source]

Construct sentences using the following structure: Subject + Verb + Object using the nouns provided: [ກຸ່ມ, ເຮືອນ].

Solutions:

1. ກຸ່ມຢູ່ໃນເຮືອນ.

2. ກຸ່ມກິນເຂົ້າໃນເຮືອນ.

Exercise 10: Noun Transformation[edit | edit source]

Transform the following nouns into their plural form: [ຄະຕິດຮູບ, ສິນຄ້າ].

Solutions:

1. ຄະຕິດຮູບ → ຄະຕິດຮູບທັງໝົດ

2. ສິນຄ້າ → ສິນຄ້າທັງໝົດ

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing the lesson on Lao nouns! We’ve covered the different types of nouns and how to use them effectively in sentences. Remember, practice is key to mastering any language. Keep using the nouns you’ve learned in your conversations, and you’ll see improvement in no time.

If you have any questions or need further clarification, don’t hesitate to reach out. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Lao Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Greetings and Introductions

Pronouns and Verb to be

Numbers and Time

Nouns and Plurals

Family and Relationships

Adjectives and Adverbs

Food and Drinks

Lao Customs and Etiquette

Questions and Negations

Travel and Transportation

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Shopping and Money

Lao Food and Dining

Tenses and Verb Conjugation

Weather and Seasons

Comparatives and Superlatives

Hobbies and Interests

Lao Music and Arts

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Plurals ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <span pgnav>
 {| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
@@ Line 8: / Line 9: @@
 {{Lao-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Lao|Lao]]  → [[Language/Lao/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Lao/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns</div>
+Welcome to our lesson on Lao nouns! Nouns are fundamental building blocks in any language, and in Lao, they help us name people, places, things, and ideas. Understanding nouns is crucial not only for constructing sentences but also for fully engaging in conversations. In this lesson, we’ll explore the types of nouns in Lao, their usage, and how you can effectively incorporate them into your day-to-day communication.
+The structure of our lesson will be as follows:
-<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Lao|Lao]]  → [[Language/Lao/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Lao/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns and Plurals → Nouns</div>
+* '''Introduction to Nouns'''
+* '''Types of Nouns'''
+* Common Nouns
+* Proper Nouns
+* Abstract Nouns
+* Collective Nouns
+* '''Using Nouns in Sentences'''
+* '''Examples of Nouns'''
+* '''Exercises for Practice'''
+* '''Conclusion'''
 __TOC__
-Learning about Lao nouns is an important part of understanding the language. In this lesson, you will learn about Lao nouns, their classifications, and how to use them in sentences.
+=== Introduction to Nouns ===
-== Noun Classifications ==
+Nouns in Lao, like in English, serve the essential function of naming entities. Whether you're referring to your family, your favorite foods, or places you want to visit, nouns are everywhere! By mastering nouns, you’ll gain the confidence to express your thoughts clearly and accurately.
-In Lao grammar, nouns are classified into two types: countable and uncountable. Here are some examples of each:
+=== Types of Nouns ===
-=== Countable Nouns ===
+Lao nouns can be classified into various categories. Let’s explore them one by one.
-Countable nouns are able to be quantified and pluralized. Examples of countable nouns in Lao include:
-* ເດີມ (dǣm) - fruit(s)
+==== Common Nouns ====
-* ຫມາດ (mǎat) - book(s)
-* ພັກ (phǎk) - vegetable(s)
-To pluralize countable nouns in Lao, the suffix "ນີ້ (nii)" is added to the end of the noun. For example:
+Common nouns refer to general items or concepts. These can be objects, people, or places that are not unique.
-* ຫມາດ (mǎat) - book(s)
+{| class="wikitable"
-* ຫມາດນີ້ (mǎat nii) - books
-=== Uncountable Nouns ===
+! Lao !! Pronunciation !! English
-Uncountable nouns cannot be quantified and do not have a plural form. Examples of uncountable nouns in Lao include:
+|-
-* ນ້ຳ (nǎm) - water
+| ບໍ່ລົດ || bɔ̄ː lót || car
-* ປາ (paa) - fish
-* ຕົ້ນ (ton) - rice
-Uncountable nouns in Lao cannot be pluralized, but they can be modified with a classifier. For example:
+|-
-* ປາເລືອດ (paa leuat) - a fish (countable)
+| ເຮືອນ || hɯ̄ən || house
-== Using Nouns in Sentences ==
+|-
-Now that you know about Lao noun classifications, it's important to understand how to use them in sentences. Here are some grammatical rules to follow when using Lao nouns:
+| ສົດ || sòt || fish
-=== Word Order ===
+|-
-In Lao, the word order for a basic sentence is subject-verb-object, similar to English. For example, "I eat rice" would be "ຂ້ອຍອາກອນຕົ້ນ (khǎo a gaawn ton)" in Lao.
-=== Articles ===
+| ແອັບເພື່ອນ || æp pʰɯ̄ən || friend
-Lao does not have articles like "a" or "the," so you can simply use the noun by itself. For example, "book" would be "ຫມາດ (mǎat)" in Lao.
-=== Possessive Nouns ===
+|-
-To show possession in Lao, the possessor comes before the noun being possessed. For example, "my book" would be "ຫມາດຂອງຂ້ອຍ (mǎat khǭng khǎo)" in Lao.
-=== Plural Nouns ===
+| ສິນຄ້າ || sǐn kʰā || goods
-As discussed earlier, countable nouns in Lao can be pluralized by adding the suffix "ນີ້ (nii)" to the end of the noun. For example, "books" would be "ຫມາດນີ້ (mǎat nii)" in Lao.
-=== Classifiers ===
+|}
-Classifiers are used in Lao to modify uncountable nouns. They come after the noun and before any adjectives. For example, "a glass of water" would be "ຈົວກັນນ້ຳ (jǔua kan nǎm)" in Lao.
-== Examples ==
+==== Proper Nouns ====
-Here are some examples of Lao nouns in use:
+Proper nouns are unique identifiers for specific entities, such as names of people or places.
-=== Countable Noun Example ===
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Lao !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| ສົງຄະດີ || sǒŋ kʰā dī || Songkhone (a place)
 |-
-| ຫມາດ || mǎat || book
+| ສິລິນ || sǐlīn || Silin (a person's name)
 |-
-| ຫມາດນີ້ || mǎat nii || books
+| ເມືອງວຽງຈັນ || mɯ̄aŋ wǐāŋ cān || Vientiane (capital city)
+|-
+| ສໍາພັນໄທ || sǎmpʰān tʰāi || Thai Airlines
+|-
+| ເສັງສິນ || sɛ́ŋ sǐn || Seng Sin (a company)
 |}
-ຫມາດຈັກຫລາຍໂພນ (mǎat jǎk lǎai phohn) - I read two books.
+==== Abstract Nouns ====
+Abstract nouns refer to concepts or ideas that cannot be physically touched.
-=== Uncountable Noun Example ===
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Lao !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| ຄວາມສຸກ || khwām sùk || happiness
+|-
+| ຄວາມຈິງ || khwām cīŋ || truth
+|-
+| ຄວາມຮັກ || khwām hāk || love
 |-
-| ປາ || paa || fish
+| ຄວາມຈິດສານ || khwām cít sāan || intelligence
 |-
-| ຈົວກັນປາ || jǔua kan paa || a fish (countable)
+| ຄວາມດີ || khwām dī || goodness
 |}
-ຂ້ອຍອາກອນປາໝາກນັ້ນ (khǎo a gaawn paa maaq nǎn) - I like grilled fish.
+==== Collective Nouns ====
-== Conclusion ==
+Collective nouns refer to a group of individuals or items.
-In this lesson, you learned about Lao nouns, their classifications, and how to use them in sentences. Use your newly acquired knowledge to practice making Lao sentences and improve your skills. Remember to pay close attention to the classifications of the nouns you use to ensure proper usage in your sentences. Good luck with your studies!
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Lao !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| ຄະຕິດຮູບ || kʰā tʰìt hūp || team
+|-
+| ກຸ່ມ || kǔm || group
+|-
+| ສະຖານທີ່ໃກ້ລົດ || sà tʰān tʰī nà || flock
+|-
+| ສະຖານທີ່ || sà tʰān tʰī || crowd
+|-
+| ນັກສຶກສາ || nǎk sɯ́k sǎ || students
+|}
+=== Using Nouns in Sentences ===
+To use nouns effectively, you need to know how they can fit into sentences. Let's look at some basic sentence structures.
+. '''Subject + Verb + Object'''
+* Example: ຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນ (I want a friend).
+. '''Subject + Verb + Complement'''
+* Example: ຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນສົດ (I want a fresh fish).
+. '''Question Format'''
+* Example: ເວົ້າວ່າບໍ່ລົດໃດ? (Which car are you talking about?).
+=== Examples of Nouns ===
+Let’s look at some more examples of nouns in sentences.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Lao !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| ຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນ || kʰɔ̄ː æp pʰɯ̄ən || I want a friend
+|-
+| ບໍ່ລົດສົດ || bɔ̄ː lót sòt || fresh car
+|-
+| ຂໍສິນຄ້າຈາກຮ່ອນ || kʰɔ̄ː sǐn kʰā jàːk hǭn || I want goods from home
+|-
+| ເຂົ້າສົດ || kʰāo sòt || fresh rice
+|-
+| ສົງຄະດີສົງ || sǒŋ kʰā dī sǒŋ || Songkhone is beautiful
+|}
+=== Exercises for Practice ===
+Now, let's put your understanding to the test! Here are some exercises that will help you practice what you've learned.
+==== Exercise 1: Identify Nouns ====
+Read the following sentences and identify the nouns.
+. ຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນສົດ.
+. ບໍ່ລົດສົດມາແລ້ວ.
+. ຂໍສິນຄ້າຈາກຮ່ອນ.
+''Solutions:''
+. ແອັບເພື່ອນ, ສົດ
+. ບໍ່ລົດ, ສົດ
+. ສິນຄ້າ, ຮ່ອນ
+==== Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks ====
+Complete the sentences with the appropriate nouns from the list: [ດອກໄມ້, ບໍ່ລົດ, ເຮືອນ]
+. ຂໍດອກໄມ້ໃນສະຖານທີ່ນີ້.
+. ບໍ່ລົດຂອງຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນສົດ.
+. ເຮືອນຂອງຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນສົດ.
+''Solutions:''
+. ດອກໄມ້
+. ບໍ່ລົດ
+. ເຮືອນ
+==== Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences ====
+Translate the following sentences from English to Lao.
+. I have a car.
+. My friend is happy.
+. The students are in the classroom.
+''Solutions:''
+. ຂໍມີບໍ່ລົດ.
+. ສິນຄ້າຂອງຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນສົດ.
+. ນັກສຶກສາຢູ່ໃນບໍ່ລົດ.
+==== Exercise 4: Match the Nouns ====
+Match the following Lao nouns with their English translations.
+. ຄວາມສຸກ
+. ສົງຄະດີ
+. ກຸ່ມ
+a. happiness
+b. group
+c. Songkhone
+''Solutions:''
+- a
+- c
+- b
+==== Exercise 5: Create Sentences ====
+Create sentences using the following nouns: [ສາຍ, ເຮືອນ, ບໍ່ລົດ]
+''Solutions:''
+. ສາຍຢູ່ໃນບໍ່ລົດ.
+. ເຮືອນປ່າສົດ.
+. ບໍ່ລົດຂອງຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນສົດ.
+==== Exercise 6: Choose the Right Noun ====
+Choose the correct noun to complete the sentence.
+. ຂໍແອັບເພື່ອນສົດ ທີ່ໂດຍແອັບເພື່ອນ... (ນັກສຶກສາ/ສິນຄ້າ).
+''Solutions:''
+* Answer: ນັກສຶກສາ
+==== Exercise 7: List Nouns ====
+List five common nouns in Lao related to family.
+''Solutions:''
+. ແມ່ (mother)
+. ບໍ່ (father)
+. ນ້ອງ (younger sibling)
+. ອາຍູ (older sibling)
+. ລູກ (child)
+==== Exercise 8: Noun Classification ====
+Classify the following nouns as common, proper, abstract, or collective: [ສິນຄ້າ, ສົງຄະດີ, ຄວາມສຸກ].
+''Solutions:''
+* ສິນຄ້າ: Common
+* ສົງຄະດີ: Proper
+* ຄວາມສຸກ: Abstract
+==== Exercise 9: Sentence Construction ====
+Construct sentences using the following structure: Subject + Verb + Object using the nouns provided: [ກຸ່ມ, ເຮືອນ].
+''Solutions:''
+. ກຸ່ມຢູ່ໃນເຮືອນ.
+. ກຸ່ມກິນເຂົ້າໃນເຮືອນ.
+==== Exercise 10: Noun Transformation ====
+Transform the following nouns into their plural form: [ຄະຕິດຮູບ, ສິນຄ້າ].
+''Solutions:''
+. ຄະຕິດຮູບ → ຄະຕິດຮູບທັງໝົດ
+. ສິນຄ້າ → ສິນຄ້າທັງໝົດ
+=== Conclusion ===
+Congratulations on completing the lesson on Lao nouns! We’ve covered the different types of nouns and how to use them effectively in sentences. Remember, practice is key to mastering any language. Keep using the nouns you’ve learned in your conversations, and you’ll see improvement in no time.
+If you have any questions or need further clarification, don’t hesitate to reach out. Happy learning!
 {{#seo:
-|title=Lao Grammar: Nouns and Plurals
-|keywords=Lao grammar, Lao nouns, Lao plurals, countable nouns, uncountable nouns, classifier, Lao sentences, Lao language
+|title=Lao Grammar: Nouns Explained for Beginners
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Lao nouns, their classifications, and how to use them in sentences.
+|keywords=Lao language, Lao nouns, grammar, learning Lao, beginner Lao, Lao vocabulary
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Lao nouns, their classifications, and how to use them in sentences. Perfect for complete beginners!
 }}
-{{Lao-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+{{Template:Lao-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
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@@ Line 103: / Line 385: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Lao-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Sources==
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao_grammar Lao grammar - Wikipedia]
+* [https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/4415432/mod_folder/content/0/Mouton%20Grammar%20Library/MGL%2038%20Enfield.%20A%20Grammar%20of%20Lao.pdf?forcedownload=1 A Grammar of Lao]
+* [https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/lao/ Lao Language - Structure, Writing & Alphabet]
@@ Line 120: / Line 407: @@
-<span class='maj'></span>
-==Sources==
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao_grammar Lao grammar - Wikipedia]
-* [https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/4415432/mod_folder/content/0/Mouton%20Grammar%20Library/MGL%2038%20Enfield.%20A%20Grammar%20of%20Lao.pdf?forcedownload=1 A Grammar of Lao]
-* [https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/lao/ Lao Language - Structure, Writing & Alphabet]
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Difference between revisions of "Language/Lao/Grammar/Nouns"

Latest revision as of 11:19, 2 August 2024

Introduction to Nouns[edit | edit source]

Types of Nouns[edit | edit source]

Common Nouns[edit | edit source]

Proper Nouns[edit | edit source]

Abstract Nouns[edit | edit source]

Collective Nouns[edit | edit source]

Using Nouns in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Examples of Nouns[edit | edit source]

Exercises for Practice[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Identify Nouns[edit | edit source]

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Exercise 4: Match the Nouns[edit | edit source]

Exercise 5: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Exercise 6: Choose the Right Noun[edit | edit source]

Exercise 7: List Nouns[edit | edit source]

Exercise 8: Noun Classification[edit | edit source]

Exercise 9: Sentence Construction[edit | edit source]

Exercise 10: Noun Transformation[edit | edit source]

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Table of Contents - Lao Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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