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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/South-azerbaijani|South Azerbaijani]]  → [[Language/South-azerbaijani/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/South-azerbaijani/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Present Tense</div>
Welcome, dear learners! Today, we embark on a fascinating journey into the heart of the South Azerbaijani language with our lesson on the '''Present Tense'''. Understanding how to express actions occurring right now or habitual actions is crucial for effective communication in any language. The present tense forms the backbone of daily conversation, allowing you to describe what you do, what you see, and how you feel at this very moment.
In this lesson, we will break down the formation and usage of the present tense in South Azerbaijani, providing you with a variety of examples to illustrate each point. By the end of our session, you will be equipped to speak about your daily routines, interests, and actions in the present time.
Here's what you can expect from today's lesson:
* '''Understanding the Structure of the Present Tense''': We will explore how to form the present tense with verbs, including regular and irregular forms.
* '''Examples and Usage''': We will provide numerous examples to demonstrate how the present tense is used in different contexts.
* '''Practice Exercises''': You will have the opportunity to test your understanding through various exercises, complete with solutions and explanations.


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/South-azerbaijani|South Azerbaijani]]  → [[Language/South-azerbaijani/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/South-azerbaijani/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>
So, let’s dive right in and start unlocking the beauty of the present tense in South Azerbaijani!


__TOC__
__TOC__


<h1>Introduction</h1>
=== Understanding the Structure of the Present Tense ===
 
The present tense in South Azerbaijani is generally used to describe actions that are currently happening or habitual actions. To form the present tense, we typically use the verb stem and add specific endings according to the subject pronoun.
 
==== Verb Conjugation Basics ====
 
In South Azerbaijani, verbs are conjugated based on the subject pronoun. Here’s a quick overview of the subject pronouns and how they correspond to verb endings in the present tense:


Welcome to the "Complete 0 to A1 South Azerbaijani Course"! In this lesson, we will learn about the present tense in South Azerbaijani, which is an important verb tense used to talk about actions happening now or habits.
{| class="wikitable"


In South Azerbaijani, verbs are usually expressed in the present tense unless there is a need to express past or future events. The present tense is formed by attaching different suffixes to the present stem of the verb. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form and use the present tense properly.
! Subject Pronoun !! Verb Ending


<h1>Formation of the Present Tense</h1>
|-


The present tense is formed by adding different suffixes to the present stem of the verb. The present stem is the verb without the infinitive ending "-maq". The suffixes depend on the person and the number of the subject, as well as the vowel harmony rules.
| Mən (I) || -ir / -ar / -er


Here are the suffixes used in the present tense:
|-


<table class="wikitable">
| Sən (You - singular) || -irsən / -arsan / -ersən
  <tr>
    <th>Person and Number</th>
    <th>Suffix</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1st person singular (I)</td>
    <td>-am/-əm (-em/-ım with negative)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>2nd person singular (you)</td>
    <td>-san/-əsən (-sən/-sın with negative)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>3rd person singular (he/she/it)</td>
    <td>-dir/-dır (-dır/-dər with negative)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>1st person plural (we)</td>
    <td>-ıq/-ik (-ik/-ük with negative)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>2nd person plural (you)</td>
    <td>-sınız/-siz (-(i)niz/-siniz with negative)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>3rd person plural (they)</td>
    <td>-lər/-lar (-lar/-lər with negative)</td>
  </tr>
</table>


Here are some examples of using the present tense:
|-


<ul>
| O (He/She/It) || -ir / -ar / -er
  <li>Men əvəz məktəbində oxuyuram. (I am studying at the exchange school.)</li>
  <li>Sən nə edirsin? (What are you doing?)</li>
  <li>Su qıza baxırsan? (Are you looking at that girl?)</li>
  <li>Biz Türkiyəyə gedirik. (We are going to Turkey.)</li>
  <li>Siz hara gedirsiniz? (Where are you going?)</li>
  <li>Onlar burada yaşayırlar. (They live here.)</li>
</ul>


<h1>Usage of the Present Tense</h1>
|-


The present tense is used to talk about actions happening now or habits. Here are some situations where you can use the present tense:
| Biz (We) || -irik / -arıq / -erik


<h2>Present Actions</h2>
|-


The present tense is used to describe actions that are happening now.
| Siz (You - plural/formal) || -irsiniz / -arsınız / -ersiniz


<ul>
|-
  <li>Men işdəyəm. (I am working.)</li>
  <li>Onlar burada otururlar. (They are sitting here.)</li>
  <li>Sən nə yeyirsin? (What are you eating?)</li>
</ul>


<h2>Habits or Repeated Actions</h2>
| Onlar (They) || -irlər / -arlar / -ərlər


The present tense can also be used to describe habitual, repeated actions.
|}


<ul>
In this table, you can see the different endings that are used for regular verbs. Let's take a closer look at how these endings apply in some common examples.
  <li>Men hər gün idman edirəm. (I exercise every day.)</li>
  <li>Biz dərsdən sonra kafedə otururuq. (We sit at the cafe after class.)</li>
  <li>Siz hamamda banyo edirsiniz? (Do you take a bath at the bathhouse?)</li>
</ul>


<h2>Statements of Fact</h2>
==== Examples of Present Tense Verbs ====


The present tense can also be used to make general statements of fact that are always true.
Below are 20 examples of present tense verbs in South Azerbaijani, showcasing various actions:


<ul>
{| class="wikitable"
  <li>İnşaatda təhlükəsizlik qaydalarına əməl olunmalıdır. (Safety rules must be followed in the construction site.)</li>
  <li>İdman sağlamlığın əsas şərtidir. (Exercise is the main condition for health.)</li>
  <li>Dünya əhalisi elementar partikulları inkişaf etdirir. (The world population is developing elemental particles.)</li>
</ul>


<h1>Negative Present Tense</h1>
! South Azerbaijani !! Pronunciation !! English


To form the negative present tense, "–ma/-mə" is added to the verb stem before the personal pronoun suffixes. Here are some examples:
|-


<ul>
| Mən kitab oxuyuram. || Mən kitɑb oxujurɑm. || I read a book.
  <li>Men işləmirəm. (I am not working.)</li>
  <li>Siz bu idmanı edərsinizmi? (Do you do this exercise?) – Siz bu idmanı etməzsiz. (You do not do this exercise.)</li>
  <li>O kitabı oxumur. (He reads that book.) – O kitabı oxumuram. (He does not read that book.)</li>
</ul>


<h1>Questions in the Present Tense</h1>
|-


To form questions in the present tense, you need to switch the order of the verb and the subject. Since South Azerbaijani uses the subject-object-verb word order, you need to start the question with the verb. Here are some examples:
| Sən musiqi dinləyirsən. || Sən mʊziɡi dinlɛjɨrsɛn. || You listen to music.


<ul>
|-
  <li>Men oxuyuram. (I am reading.) – Oxuyuramı? (Am I reading?)</li>
  <li>Siz evdəsiniz. (You are at home.) – Evdəsinizmi? (Are you at home?)</li>
  <li>Onlar bu məsələni həll edirlər. (They are solving this problem.) – Bu məsələni həll edirlərmi? (Are they solving this problem?)</li>
</ul>


<h1>Practice</h1>
| O dərs keçir. || O dɛrs kɛʧir. || He/She/It teaches a lesson.


Now that you know how to form and use the present tense in South Azerbaijani, it's time to practice! Here are some exercises for you to test your knowledge.
|-


Exercise 1: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the present tense.
| Biz futbol oynayırıq. || Biz futbol ojnɑjɨrɨq. || We play football.


<ol>
|-
    <li>Men məktəbdən sonra ____________.</li>
    <li>Sən hara ____________?</li>
    <li>Onlar hər gün ____________.</li>
    <li>Biz burada ____________.</li>
    <li>Siz hansı dil öyrənirsiniz?</li>
    <li>Onlar burada ____________.</li>
</ol>


Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences in negative.
| Siz film izləyirsiniz. || Siz film izləjɨrsɨniz. || You (plural) watch a movie.


<ol>
|-
    <li>Men işləyirəm.</li>
    <li>Sən bu kitabı oxuyursan?</li>
    <li>O bu filmdə oynayır.</li>
    <li>Biz hər zaman kafedə qalırıq.</li>
    <li>Siz yadplanetada yaşayırsınız?</li>
    <li>Onlar heç vaxt çağırılmır.</li>
</ol>


<h1>Conclusion</h1>
| Onlar parkda gəzirlər. || Onlar pɑrkda ɡæzɨrler. || They walk in the park.


Congratulations, you have completed the lesson on the present tense in South Azerbaijani! You have learned how to form and use the present tense to talk about actions happening now or habits, as well as how to make negative and question forms. Don't forget to practice what you have learned, and stay tuned for the next lesson on the past tense!
|-


{{South-azerbaijani-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
| Mən çay içirəm. || Mən tʃɑj iʧɨrɛm. || I drink tea.
 
|-
 
| Sən evə gedirsən. || Sən ɛvɛ ɡɛdɨrsɛn. || You go home.
 
|-
 
| O iş görür. || O ɨʃ ɡøɾɨr. || He/She/It does work.
 
|-
 
| Biz yemək bişiririk. || Biz jɛmɛk biʃɨrɨrɨq. || We cook food.
 
|-
 
| Siz kitab yazırsınız. || Siz kitɑb jɑzɨrsɨnɨz. || You write a book.
 
|-
 
| Onlar film çəkirlər. || Onlar film tʃɛkɨrler. || They shoot a film.
 
|-
 
| Mən musiqi ifa edirəm. || Mən mʊziɡi ifɑ ɛdɨrɛm. || I perform music.
 
|-
 
| Sən su içirsən. || Sən su iʧɨrsɛn. || You drink water.
 
|-
 
| O dostları ilə görüşür. || O dɔstlɑrɨ ilɛ ɡøruʃɨr. || He/She/It meets with friends.
 
|-
 
| Biz kitabxanada otururuq. || Biz kitɑbxɑnɑdɑ ɔtururuq. || We sit in the library.
 
|-
 
| Siz tez-tez gülürsünüz. || Siz tɛz-tɛz ɡylʊrsünüz. || You (plural) smile often.
 
|-
 
| Onlar məktəbdə öyrənirlər. || Onlar mɛktɛbdɛ øjrɛnɨrlɛr. || They learn at school.
 
|-
 
| Mən şəkil çəkirəm. || Mən ʃɛkɨl tʃɛkɨrɛm. || I draw a picture.
 
|-
 
| Sən qapını açırsan. || Sən ɡɑpɨnɨ ɑtʃɨrsæn. || You open the door.
 
|-
 
| O pəncərədən baxır. || O pɛnʤɛrɛdɛn bɑxɨr. || He/She/It looks out the window.
 
|}
 
=== Usage of Present Tense ===
 
The present tense can be used in various contexts. Let's explore a few key scenarios where you might use it in daily conversation.
 
==== Describing Daily Routines ====
 
When talking about your daily activities, the present tense is essential. For example:
 
* '''I wake up early.''' - Mən erkən oyanıram.
 
* '''You go to work.''' - Sən işə gedirsən.
 
==== Talking About Preferences ====
 
You can also express likes and dislikes using the present tense:
 
* '''I like tea.''' - Mən çayı sevirəm.
 
* '''You enjoy reading.''' - Sən oxumağı xoşlayırsan.
 
==== Discussing Scheduled Events ====
 
The present tense is used for events set in the near future:
 
* '''The concert starts at 8 PM.''' - Konsert saat 8-də başlayır.
 
* '''We meet tomorrow.''' - Biz sabah görüşürük.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now that we've delved into the present tense, it’s your turn to practice! Here are ten exercises to reinforce what you’ve learned. For each exercise, try to complete the sentence with the correct verb form in the present tense.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate verb form:
 
1. Mən (gülmək) __________.
 
2. Sən (yazmaq) __________.
 
3. O (görmək) __________.
 
4. Biz (gedmək) __________.
 
5. Siz (oxumaq) __________.
 
6. Onlar (şəkil çəkmək) __________.
 
7. Mən (çalışmaq) __________.
 
8. Sən (dinləmək) __________.
 
9. O (görüşmək) __________.
 
10. Biz (söz vermək) __________.
 
==== Exercise 2: Create Sentences ====
 
Use the following verbs to create sentences in the present tense:
 
1. (yemək) _________
 
2. (içmək) _________
 
3. (oxumaq) _________
 
4. (görmək) _________
 
5. (sağlamaq) _________
 
=== Solutions and Explanations ===
 
Let’s go through the exercises together!
 
==== Solutions for Exercise 1 ====
 
1. Mən (gülmək) '''gülürəm'''.
 
2. Sən (yazmaq) '''yazırsan'''.
 
3. O (görmək) '''görür'''.
 
4. Biz (gedmək) '''gedirik'''.
 
5. Siz (oxumaq) '''oxuyursunuz'''.
 
6. Onlar (şəkil çəkmək) '''şəkil çəkirlər'''.
 
7. Mən (çalışmaq) '''çalışıram'''.
 
8. Sən (dinləmək) '''dinləyirsən'''.
 
9. O (görüşmək) '''görüşür'''.
 
10. Biz (söz vermək) '''söz veririk'''.
 
==== Solutions for Exercise 2 ====
 
1. Mən (yemək) '''yemək''' - Mən yemək yeyirəm.
 
2. Sən (içmək) '''içmək''' - Sən su içirsən.
 
3. O (oxumaq) '''oxumaq''' - O kitab oxuyur.
 
4. Biz (görmək) '''görmək''' - Biz film görürük.
 
5. Siz (sağlamaq) '''sağlamaq''' - Siz işinizi sağlam tutursunuz.
 
Now that you have completed the exercises, I hope you feel more confident using the present tense in South Azerbaijani! Remember, practice makes perfect. Keep using these structures in your conversations, and soon they will become second nature. Happy learning!
 
{{#seo:
 
|title=Learn Present Tense in South Azerbaijani
 
|keywords=south azerbaijani, language learning, present tense, grammar, beginner course
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the present tense in South Azerbaijani to talk about actions happening now or habits.
 
}}
 
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* [[Language/South-azerbaijani/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives|Comparatives and Superlatives]]
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Latest revision as of 10:51, 2 August 2024

◀️ Ordering at a Restaurant — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

82F620B2-6AF3-4F32-BB3F-E153A5238EC9.png
South Azerbaijani → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Present Tense

Welcome, dear learners! Today, we embark on a fascinating journey into the heart of the South Azerbaijani language with our lesson on the Present Tense. Understanding how to express actions occurring right now or habitual actions is crucial for effective communication in any language. The present tense forms the backbone of daily conversation, allowing you to describe what you do, what you see, and how you feel at this very moment.

In this lesson, we will break down the formation and usage of the present tense in South Azerbaijani, providing you with a variety of examples to illustrate each point. By the end of our session, you will be equipped to speak about your daily routines, interests, and actions in the present time.

Here's what you can expect from today's lesson:

  • Understanding the Structure of the Present Tense: We will explore how to form the present tense with verbs, including regular and irregular forms.
  • Examples and Usage: We will provide numerous examples to demonstrate how the present tense is used in different contexts.
  • Practice Exercises: You will have the opportunity to test your understanding through various exercises, complete with solutions and explanations.

So, let’s dive right in and start unlocking the beauty of the present tense in South Azerbaijani!

Understanding the Structure of the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

The present tense in South Azerbaijani is generally used to describe actions that are currently happening or habitual actions. To form the present tense, we typically use the verb stem and add specific endings according to the subject pronoun.

Verb Conjugation Basics[edit | edit source]

In South Azerbaijani, verbs are conjugated based on the subject pronoun. Here’s a quick overview of the subject pronouns and how they correspond to verb endings in the present tense:

Subject Pronoun Verb Ending
Mən (I) -ir / -ar / -er
Sən (You - singular) -irsən / -arsan / -ersən
O (He/She/It) -ir / -ar / -er
Biz (We) -irik / -arıq / -erik
Siz (You - plural/formal) -irsiniz / -arsınız / -ersiniz
Onlar (They) -irlər / -arlar / -ərlər

In this table, you can see the different endings that are used for regular verbs. Let's take a closer look at how these endings apply in some common examples.

Examples of Present Tense Verbs[edit | edit source]

Below are 20 examples of present tense verbs in South Azerbaijani, showcasing various actions:

South Azerbaijani Pronunciation English
Mən kitab oxuyuram. Mən kitɑb oxujurɑm. I read a book.
Sən musiqi dinləyirsən. Sən mʊziɡi dinlɛjɨrsɛn. You listen to music.
O dərs keçir. O dɛrs kɛʧir. He/She/It teaches a lesson.
Biz futbol oynayırıq. Biz futbol ojnɑjɨrɨq. We play football.
Siz film izləyirsiniz. Siz film izləjɨrsɨniz. You (plural) watch a movie.
Onlar parkda gəzirlər. Onlar pɑrkda ɡæzɨrler. They walk in the park.
Mən çay içirəm. Mən tʃɑj iʧɨrɛm. I drink tea.
Sən evə gedirsən. Sən ɛvɛ ɡɛdɨrsɛn. You go home.
O iş görür. O ɨʃ ɡøɾɨr. He/She/It does work.
Biz yemək bişiririk. Biz jɛmɛk biʃɨrɨrɨq. We cook food.
Siz kitab yazırsınız. Siz kitɑb jɑzɨrsɨnɨz. You write a book.
Onlar film çəkirlər. Onlar film tʃɛkɨrler. They shoot a film.
Mən musiqi ifa edirəm. Mən mʊziɡi ifɑ ɛdɨrɛm. I perform music.
Sən su içirsən. Sən su iʧɨrsɛn. You drink water.
O dostları ilə görüşür. O dɔstlɑrɨ ilɛ ɡøruʃɨr. He/She/It meets with friends.
Biz kitabxanada otururuq. Biz kitɑbxɑnɑdɑ ɔtururuq. We sit in the library.
Siz tez-tez gülürsünüz. Siz tɛz-tɛz ɡylʊrsünüz. You (plural) smile often.
Onlar məktəbdə öyrənirlər. Onlar mɛktɛbdɛ øjrɛnɨrlɛr. They learn at school.
Mən şəkil çəkirəm. Mən ʃɛkɨl tʃɛkɨrɛm. I draw a picture.
Sən qapını açırsan. Sən ɡɑpɨnɨ ɑtʃɨrsæn. You open the door.
O pəncərədən baxır. O pɛnʤɛrɛdɛn bɑxɨr. He/She/It looks out the window.

Usage of Present Tense[edit | edit source]

The present tense can be used in various contexts. Let's explore a few key scenarios where you might use it in daily conversation.

Describing Daily Routines[edit | edit source]

When talking about your daily activities, the present tense is essential. For example:

  • I wake up early. - Mən erkən oyanıram.
  • You go to work. - Sən işə gedirsən.

Talking About Preferences[edit | edit source]

You can also express likes and dislikes using the present tense:

  • I like tea. - Mən çayı sevirəm.
  • You enjoy reading. - Sən oxumağı xoşlayırsan.

Discussing Scheduled Events[edit | edit source]

The present tense is used for events set in the near future:

  • The concert starts at 8 PM. - Konsert saat 8-də başlayır.
  • We meet tomorrow. - Biz sabah görüşürük.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we've delved into the present tense, it’s your turn to practice! Here are ten exercises to reinforce what you’ve learned. For each exercise, try to complete the sentence with the correct verb form in the present tense.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the following sentences with the appropriate verb form:

1. Mən (gülmək) __________.

2. Sən (yazmaq) __________.

3. O (görmək) __________.

4. Biz (gedmək) __________.

5. Siz (oxumaq) __________.

6. Onlar (şəkil çəkmək) __________.

7. Mən (çalışmaq) __________.

8. Sən (dinləmək) __________.

9. O (görüşmək) __________.

10. Biz (söz vermək) __________.

Exercise 2: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]

Use the following verbs to create sentences in the present tense:

1. (yemək) _________

2. (içmək) _________

3. (oxumaq) _________

4. (görmək) _________

5. (sağlamaq) _________

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Let’s go through the exercises together!

Solutions for Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. Mən (gülmək) gülürəm.

2. Sən (yazmaq) yazırsan.

3. O (görmək) görür.

4. Biz (gedmək) gedirik.

5. Siz (oxumaq) oxuyursunuz.

6. Onlar (şəkil çəkmək) şəkil çəkirlər.

7. Mən (çalışmaq) çalışıram.

8. Sən (dinləmək) dinləyirsən.

9. O (görüşmək) görüşür.

10. Biz (söz vermək) söz veririk.

Solutions for Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. Mən (yemək) yemək - Mən yemək yeyirəm.

2. Sən (içmək) içmək - Sən su içirsən.

3. O (oxumaq) oxumaq - O kitab oxuyur.

4. Biz (görmək) görmək - Biz film görürük.

5. Siz (sağlamaq) sağlamaq - Siz işinizi sağlam tutursunuz.

Now that you have completed the exercises, I hope you feel more confident using the present tense in South Azerbaijani! Remember, practice makes perfect. Keep using these structures in your conversations, and soon they will become second nature. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - South Azerbaijani Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Basic Sentence Structure


Numbers and Time


Pronouns and Nouns


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Verbs and Tenses


Travel and Transportation


South Azerbaijani Culture


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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