Difference between revisions of "Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Past-Tense"

Latest revision as of 21:59, 1 August 2024

◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Future Tense ▶️

Panjabi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Past Tense

Welcome to our lesson on the Past Tense in Panjabi! Understanding how to express past events is crucial for communicating effectively in any language. Whether you're recalling a memorable trip, sharing stories about your family, or simply talking about what you did yesterday, the ability to use the past tense correctly will enhance your conversational skills and allow you to connect more deeply with Panjabi culture.

In this lesson, we will break down the concept of the past tense in Panjabi into manageable sections. We will cover:

The structure of past tense verbs

How to form sentences using the past tense

Examples of common verbs in the past tense

Exercises to practice what you’ve learned

By the end of this lesson, you should feel comfortable using the past tense to describe events and experiences in Panjabi. So, let's dive in!

Understanding the Past Tense[edit | edit source]

The past tense in Panjabi is used to describe actions that have already occurred. It allows you to narrate events, express feelings about past experiences, and share stories from your life. In Panjabi, verbs change their forms to indicate that they are referring to a past action.

The basic structure of a past tense sentence in Panjabi follows the Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order, similar to present tense sentences. For example:

I (subject) ate (verb) an apple (object).

In Panjabi: ਮੈਂ (main) ਸੇਬ (seb) ਖਾਇਆ (khāiā).

Past Tense Forms[edit | edit source]

Panjabi verbs change based on gender and number. It's important to note that the past tense forms for masculine and feminine subjects differ. Here’s a brief overview:

Masculine Singular: Verbs typically end with -ਆ (ā).

Feminine Singular: Verbs typically end with -ਈ (ī).

Masculine Plural: Verbs typically end with -ਏ (e).

Feminine Plural: Verbs typically end with -ਈਆਂ (īāṁ).

Let’s take a look at some common verbs and their past tense forms:

Panjabi	Pronunciation	English
ਖਾਣਾ (ਖਾਇਆ)	khāṇā (khāiā)	to eat (ate)
ਪੀਂਣਾ (ਪੀਿਆ)	pīṇā (pīā)	to drink (drank)
ਜਾਣਾ (ਗਿਆ)	jāṇā (giā)	to go (went)
ਕਰਨਾ (ਕੀਤਾ)	karnā (kītā)	to do (did)
ਦੇਖਣਾ (ਦੇਖਿਆ)	dēkhaṇā (dēkhiā)	to see (saw)

Forming Past Tense Sentences[edit | edit source]

Now that we have a basic understanding of the past tense forms, let’s see how to form complete sentences. The structure remains consistent:

1. Identify the subject (who is doing the action).

2. Determine the object (what is being acted upon).

3. Use the correct past tense form of the verb based on the subject's gender and number.

Here are examples of sentences in the past tense:

Panjabi	Pronunciation	English
ਮੈਂ ਸੇਬ ਖਾਇਆ।	maiṁ seb khāiā.	I ate an apple.
ਉਹਨੇ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀਤਾ।	uhnē pāṇī pītā.	He drank water.
ਉਹਨੇ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹੀ।	uhnē kitāb paṛhī.	She read a book.
ਅਸੀਂ ਛੱਤ ਤੇ ਗਏ।	asīṁ chhat tē giē.	We went to the roof.
ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੇ ਫਿਲਮ ਦੇਖੀ।	uhnāṁ nē film dēkhī.	They watched a movie.

Common Verbs in Past Tense[edit | edit source]

Here are some more common verbs in their past tense forms for your reference:

Panjabi	Pronunciation	English
ਸਿਖਣਾ (ਸਿਖਿਆ)	sikhṇā (sikhiā)	to learn (learned)
ਬੋਲਣਾ (ਬੋਲਾ)	bōlaṇā (bōlā)	to speak (spoke)
ਲਿਖਣਾ (ਲਿਖਿਆ)	likhṇā (likhiā)	to write (wrote)
ਖੇਡਣਾ (ਖੇਡਿਆ)	khēḍṇā (khēḍiā)	to play (played)
ਸੁਣਨਾ (ਸੁਣਿਆ)	suṇnā (suṇiā)	to listen (listened)

Examples of Past Tense Sentences[edit | edit source]

Let’s explore more examples to illustrate how to use different verbs in the past tense:

Panjabi	Pronunciation	English
ਮੈਂ ਮੀਠੇ ਸੰਤਰੇ ਖਾਏ।	maiṁ mīṭhē santarē khāe.	I ate sweet oranges.
ਉਹ ਪੂਰਾ ਦਿਨ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦਾ ਸੀ।	uh pūrā din kam karda sī.	He worked all day.
ਮੈਂ ਰਾਤ ਨੂੰ ਚੰਦਰਾ ਦੇਖਿਆ।	maiṁ rāt nūṁ chandā dēkhiā.	I saw the moon at night.
ਉਸਨੇ ਮੇਰੇ ਲਈ ਖਾਸ ਖਾਣਾ ਬਣਾਇਆ।	usnē mērē la'ī khās khānā baṇāiā.	He made special food for me.
ਅਸੀਂ ਪਲੇਟਾਂ ਧੋਈਆਂ।	asīṁ palēṭāṁ dhōiāṁ.	We washed the plates.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the theory, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some exercises!

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the following sentences with the correct past tense form of the verb in brackets.

1. ਮੈਂ __________ (ਖਾਣਾ) ਸੇਬ।

2. ਉਹ __________ (ਜਾਣਾ) ਘਰ।

3. ਅਸੀਂ __________ (ਕਰਨ) ਕੰਮ।

4. ਉਸਨੇ __________ (ਬੋਲਣਾ) ਸੱਚ।

5. ਉਹ __________ (ਸੁਣਨਾ) ਗਾਣਾ।

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences from English to Panjabi.

1. I drank water.

2. They watched the movie.

3. She read a story.

4. We went to the market.

5. He played cricket.

Exercise 3: Correct the Errors[edit | edit source]

Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences.

1. ਮੈਂ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹੀ।

2. ਉਹਨੇ ਖਾਣਾ ਖਾਇਆ।

3. ਅਸੀਂ ਫਿਲਮ ਦੇਖੀ।

4. ਉਹ ਖੇਡਣ ਗਏ।

5. ਮੈਂ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀਤਾ।

Exercise 4: Write Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Write five sentences in Panjabi about what you did yesterday using the past tense.

Exercise 5: Match the Verbs[edit | edit source]

Match the verbs in their infinitive form with their past tense forms.

| Infinitive | Past Tense |

|------------|------------|

| ਖਾਣਾ | __________ |

| ਪੀਣਾ | __________ |

| ਜਾਣਾ | __________ |

| ਕਰਨਾ | __________ |

| ਦੇਖਣਾ | __________ |

Solutions to Exercises[edit | edit source]

Here are the solutions to the exercises provided above:

Exercise 1 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. ਮੈਂ ਖਾਇਆ (khāiā) ਸੇਬ।

2. ਉਹ ਗਿਆ (giā) ਘਰ।

3. ਅਸੀਂ ਕੀਤਾ (kītā) ਕੰਮ।

4. ਉਸਨੇ ਬੋਲਾ (bōlā) ਸੱਚ।

5. ਉਹ ਸੁਣਿਆ (suṇiā) ਗਾਣਾ।

Exercise 2 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. ਮੈਂ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀਤਾ (pānī pītā).

2. ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੇ ਫਿਲਮ ਦੇਖੀ (film dēkhī).

3. ਉਸਨੇ ਕਹਾਣੀ ਪੜ੍ਹੀ (kahānī paṛhī).

4. ਅਸੀਂ ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਗਏ (bājār giē).

5. ਉਸਨੇ ਕ੍ਰਿਕਟ ਖੇਡਿਆ (krikaṭ khēḍiā).

Exercise 3 Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. ਮੈਂ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹੀ (correct).

2. ਉਹਨੇ ਖਾਣਾ ਖਾਇਆ (correct).

3. ਅਸੀਂ ਫਿਲਮ ਦੇਖੀ (correct).

4. ਉਹ ਖੇਡਣ ਗਏ (should be ਉਹ ਖੇਡਿਆ).

5. ਮੈਂ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀਤਾ (correct).

Exercise 4 Solutions[edit | edit source]

(Students should write their own sentences based on their experiences.)

Exercise 5 Solutions[edit | edit source]

| Infinitive | Past Tense |

|------------|------------|

| ਖਾਣਾ | ਖਾਇਆ |

| ਪੀਣਾ | ਪੀਆ |

| ਜਾਣਾ | ਗਿਆ |

| ਕਰਨਾ | ਕੀਤਾ |

| ਦੇਖਣਾ | ਦੇਖਿਆ |

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing this lesson on the past tense in Panjabi! Remember, practice makes perfect. The more you use the past tense in your conversations, the more natural it will become.

Don't hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher. Keep practicing and soon you will be narrating stories and sharing your experiences in Panjabi with ease!

Table of Contents - Panjabi Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Introduction to Panjabi Script

Basic Words and Phrases

Basic Sentence Structure

Everyday Vocabulary

Verbs and Tenses

Travel and Transportation

Questions and Negation

Panjabi Customs and Traditions

Hobbies and Leisure Activities

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Panjabi Literature and Media

Health and Emergencies

Expressing Opinions and Emotions

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Future Tense ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Present-Tense|◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Future-Tense|Next Lesson — Future Tense ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Panjabi-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Panjabi|Panjabi]]  → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Past Tense</div>
+Welcome to our lesson on the '''Past Tense''' in Panjabi! Understanding how to express past events is crucial for communicating effectively in any language. Whether you're recalling a memorable trip, sharing stories about your family, or simply talking about what you did yesterday, the ability to use the past tense correctly will enhance your conversational skills and allow you to connect more deeply with Panjabi culture.
+In this lesson, we will break down the concept of the past tense in Panjabi into manageable sections. We will cover:
+* The structure of past tense verbs
-<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Panjabi|Panjabi]]  → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense</div>
+* How to form sentences using the past tense
+* Examples of common verbs in the past tense
+* Exercises to practice what you’ve learned
+By the end of this lesson, you should feel comfortable using the past tense to describe events and experiences in Panjabi. So, let's dive in!
 __TOC__
-As a Panjabi language teacher, I understand that learning how to use verbs in the past tense is critical for students who want to express themselves appropriately in Panjabi. In this lesson, we will explore the past tense in Panjabi, including how to form sentences about past events.
+=== Understanding the Past Tense ===
+The past tense in Panjabi is used to describe actions that have already occurred. It allows you to narrate events, express feelings about past experiences, and share stories from your life. In Panjabi, verbs change their forms to indicate that they are referring to a past action.
+The basic structure of a past tense sentence in Panjabi follows the Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order, similar to present tense sentences. For example:
+* '''I (subject) ate (verb) an apple (object).'''
+* In Panjabi: '''ਮੈਂ (main) ਸੇਬ (seb) ਖਾਇਆ (khāiā).'''
+=== Past Tense Forms ===
+Panjabi verbs change based on gender and number. It's important to note that the past tense forms for masculine and feminine subjects differ. Here’s a brief overview:
+* '''Masculine Singular''': Verbs typically end with '''-ਆ (ā)'''.
+* '''Feminine Singular''': Verbs typically end with '''-ਈ (ī)'''.
-<span link>Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Likes-and-Dislikes|Likes and Dislikes]] & [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Subject-Object-Verb-Order|Subject Object Verb Order]].</span>
+* '''Masculine Plural''': Verbs typically end with '''-ਏ (e)'''.
-== Understanding the Past Tense ==
-The past tense in Panjabi is used to describe completed actions or events that occurred at a specific time in the past. To form the past tense, verbs must undergo inflection to indicate that the action has been completed in the past.
+* '''Feminine Plural''': Verbs typically end with '''-ਈਆਂ (īāṁ)'''.
-In Panjabi, the past tense is typically formed by adding the suffix "ਆ" (aa) to the stem of the verb. However, some verbs may undergo additional changes. Here are some examples:
+Let’s take a look at some common verbs and their past tense forms:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| ਖਾਣਾ (khaana) || khaa-na || to eat
+| ਖਾਣਾ (ਖਾਇਆ) || khāṇā (khāiā) || to eat (ate)
 |-
-| ਖਾਇਆ (khaaiaa) || khaa-i-aa || ate
+| ਪੀਂਣਾ (ਪੀਿਆ) || pīṇā (pīā) || to drink (drank)
+|-
+| ਜਾਣਾ (ਗਿਆ) || jāṇā (giā) || to go (went)
 |-
-| ਪੜਨਾ (parhna) || parh-na || to read
+| ਕਰਨਾ (ਕੀਤਾ) || karnā (kītā) || to do (did)
 |-
-| ਪੜਿਆ (pariaa) || par-i-aa || read
+| ਦੇਖਣਾ (ਦੇਖਿਆ) || dēkhaṇā (dēkhiā) || to see (saw)
 |}
-In the examples above, the stem of the verb "ਖਾਣਾ" (khaana) is "ਖਾ" (khaa). To form the past tense, we add the suffix "ਆ" (aa) to get "ਖਾਇਆ" (khaaiaa), which means "ate." Similarly, the stem of the verb "ਪੜਨਾ" (parhna) is "ਪੜ" (parh). To form the past tense, we add the suffix "ਿਆ" (iaa) to get "ਪੜਿਆ" (pariaa), which means "read."
+=== Forming Past Tense Sentences ===
-It's important to note that the past tense verbs in Panjabi do not change depending on the subject of the sentence. This means that they are not conjugated like verbs in other languages, such as French or Spanish.
+Now that we have a basic understanding of the past tense forms, let’s see how to form complete sentences. The structure remains consistent:
-== Forming Sentences in the Past Tense ==
+. '''Identify the subject''' (who is doing the action).
-To form a sentence in the past tense, we must use a subject, a verb in the past tense form, and an object (if applicable). Here is an example:
+. '''Determine the object''' (what is being acted upon).
-Panjabi: ਮੈਂਨੇ ਖਾਣਾ ਖਾਇਆ।
+. '''Use the correct past tense form of the verb''' based on the subject's gender and number.
-Pronunciation: main-ne khaana khaa-iaa.
-English: I ate food.
-In the example above, "ਮੈਂਨੇ" (main-ne) means "I," "ਖਾਇਆ" (khaaiaa) means "ate," and "ਖਾਣਾ" (khaana) means "food."
+Here are examples of sentences in the past tense:
-Here are some more examples of sentences in the past tense:
+{| class="wikitable"
-* ਉਸਨੇ ਪੜਿਆ ਕਿਤਾਬ। (usne pariaa kitaab): He read a book.
+! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
-* ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਿਹਾ ਸੀ। (tusi kihaa si): You said.
-== Using Time Expressions ==
+|-
-To indicate the time when an action or event occurred, we can use time expressions in the sentence. Time expressions are usually placed at the beginning or the end of the sentence. Here are some examples:
+| ਮੈਂ ਸੇਬ ਖਾਇਆ। || maiṁ seb khāiā. || I ate an apple.
-* ਕਲ ਮੈਂਨੇ ਖਾਣਾ ਖਾਇਆ। (kal main-ne khaana khaaiaa): Yesterday, I ate food.
+|-
-* ਪਿਛਲੇ ਹਫ਼ਤੇ ਉਸਨੇ ਪੜਿਆ ਕਿਤਾਬ। (pichle haft-e usne pariaa kitaab): Last week, he read a book.
-* ਦੋ ਘੰਟੇ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਿਹਾ ਸੀ। (do ghan-t-e pahlaan tusi kihaa si): Two hours ago, you said.
-== Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense ==
+| ਉਹਨੇ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀਤਾ। || uhnē pāṇī pītā. || He drank water.
-While most Panjabi verbs form their past tense by adding the suffix "ਾ" (aa), some verbs are irregular and do not follow this pattern. Here are some examples:
+|-
+| ਉਹਨੇ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹੀ। || uhnē kitāb paṛhī. || She read a book.
+|-
+| ਅਸੀਂ ਛੱਤ ਤੇ ਗਏ। || asīṁ chhat tē giē. || We went to the roof.
+|-
+| ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੇ ਫਿਲਮ ਦੇਖੀ। || uhnāṁ nē film dēkhī. || They watched a movie.
+|}
+=== Common Verbs in Past Tense ===
+Here are some more common verbs in their past tense forms for your reference:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| ਜਾਣਾ (jaana) || ja-ana || to go
+| ਸਿਖਣਾ (ਸਿਖਿਆ) || sikhṇā (sikhiā) || to learn (learned)
 |-
-| ਗਏ (ge) || ge || went
+| ਬੋਲਣਾ (ਬੋਲਾ) || bōlaṇā (bōlā) || to speak (spoke)
 |-
-| ਆਉਣਾ (auna) || aa-u-na || to come
+| ਲਿਖਣਾ (ਲਿਖਿਆ) || likhṇā (likhiā) || to write (wrote)
 |-
-| ਆਇਆ (aiaa) || aa-i-aa || came
+| ਖੇਡਣਾ (ਖੇਡਿਆ) || khēḍṇā (khēḍiā) || to play (played)
+|-
+| ਸੁਣਨਾ (ਸੁਣਿਆ) || suṇnā (suṇiā) || to listen (listened)
 |}
-In the examples above, notice that the stems of the verbs "ਜਾਣਾ" (jaana) and "ਆਉਣਾ" (auna) do not end in the vowel "ਆ" (aa). Instead, they have their own unique past tense forms: "ਗਏ" (ge) and "ਆਇਆ" (aiaa).
+=== Examples of Past Tense Sentences ===
+Let’s explore more examples to illustrate how to use different verbs in the past tense:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
-Other irregular verbs in the past tense include "ਹੋਣਾ" (hona) which means "to be" and "ਕਰਨਾ" (karna) which means "to do." The past tense forms of these verbs are "ਹੋਇਆ" (hoiaa) and "ਕੀਤਾ" (keetaa), respectively.
+| ਮੈਂ ਮੀਠੇ ਸੰਤਰੇ ਖਾਏ। || maiṁ mīṭhē santarē khāe. || I ate sweet oranges.
-== Tips for Practicing the Past Tense ==
+|-
-To reinforce your understanding of the past tense in Panjabi, try the following exercises:
+| ਉਹ ਪੂਰਾ ਦਿਨ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦਾ ਸੀ। || uh pūrā din kam karda sī. || He worked all day.
-* Write short stories in the past tense.
+|-
-* Practice conjugating verbs in the past tense.
-* Watch Panjabi movies or TV shows and pay attention to the use of the past tense in the dialogue.
-By consistently practicing the use of the past tense, you will gain confidence in your ability to communicate effectively in Panjabi.
+| ਮੈਂ ਰਾਤ ਨੂੰ ਚੰਦਰਾ ਦੇਖਿਆ। || maiṁ rāt nūṁ chandā dēkhiā. || I saw the moon at night.
+|-
+| ਉਸਨੇ ਮੇਰੇ ਲਈ ਖਾਸ ਖਾਣਾ ਬਣਾਇਆ। || usnē mērē la'ī khās khānā baṇāiā. || He made special food for me.
+|-
+| ਅਸੀਂ ਪਲੇਟਾਂ ਧੋਈਆਂ। || asīṁ palēṭāṁ dhōiāṁ. || We washed the plates.
+|}
+=== Practice Exercises ===
+Now that we've covered the theory, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some exercises!
+==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
+Complete the following sentences with the correct past tense form of the verb in brackets.
+. ਮੈਂ __________ (ਖਾਣਾ) ਸੇਬ।
+. ਉਹ __________ (ਜਾਣਾ) ਘਰ।
+. ਅਸੀਂ __________ (ਕਰਨ) ਕੰਮ।
+. ਉਸਨੇ __________ (ਬੋਲਣਾ) ਸੱਚ।
+. ਉਹ __________ (ਸੁਣਨਾ) ਗਾਣਾ।
+==== Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences ====
+Translate the following sentences from English to Panjabi.
+. I drank water.
+. They watched the movie.
+. She read a story.
+. We went to the market.
+. He played cricket.
+==== Exercise 3: Correct the Errors ====
+Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences.
+. ਮੈਂ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹੀ।
+. ਉਹਨੇ ਖਾਣਾ ਖਾਇਆ।
+. ਅਸੀਂ ਫਿਲਮ ਦੇਖੀ।
+. ਉਹ ਖੇਡਣ ਗਏ।
+. ਮੈਂ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀਤਾ।
+==== Exercise 4: Write Your Own Sentences ====
+Write five sentences in Panjabi about what you did yesterday using the past tense.
+==== Exercise 5: Match the Verbs ====
+Match the verbs in their infinitive form with their past tense forms.
+| Infinitive | Past Tense |
+|------------|------------|
+| ਖਾਣਾ      | __________ |
+| ਪੀਣਾ      | __________ |
+| ਜਾਣਾ      | __________ |
+| ਕਰਨਾ      | __________ |
+| ਦੇਖਣਾ      | __________ |
+=== Solutions to Exercises ===
+Here are the solutions to the exercises provided above:
+==== Exercise 1 Solutions ====
+. ਮੈਂ '''ਖਾਇਆ''' (khāiā) ਸੇਬ।
+. ਉਹ '''ਗਿਆ''' (giā) ਘਰ।
+. ਅਸੀਂ '''ਕੀਤਾ''' (kītā) ਕੰਮ।
+. ਉਸਨੇ '''ਬੋਲਾ''' (bōlā) ਸੱਚ।
+. ਉਹ '''ਸੁਣਿਆ''' (suṇiā) ਗਾਣਾ।
+==== Exercise 2 Solutions ====
+. ਮੈਂ '''ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀਤਾ''' (pānī pītā).
+. ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੇ '''ਫਿਲਮ ਦੇਖੀ''' (film dēkhī).
+. ਉਸਨੇ '''ਕਹਾਣੀ ਪੜ੍ਹੀ''' (kahānī paṛhī).
+. ਅਸੀਂ '''ਬਾਜ਼ਾਰ ਗਏ''' (bājār giē).
+. ਉਸਨੇ '''ਕ੍ਰਿਕਟ ਖੇਡਿਆ''' (krikaṭ khēḍiā).
+==== Exercise 3 Solutions ====
+. ਮੈਂ '''ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜ੍ਹੀ''' (correct).
+. ਉਹਨੇ '''ਖਾਣਾ ਖਾਇਆ''' (correct).
+. ਅਸੀਂ '''ਫਿਲਮ ਦੇਖੀ''' (correct).
+. ਉਹ '''ਖੇਡਣ ਗਏ''' (should be '''ਉਹ ਖੇਡਿਆ''').
+. ਮੈਂ '''ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀਤਾ''' (correct).
+==== Exercise 4 Solutions ====
+(Students should write their own sentences based on their experiences.)
+==== Exercise 5 Solutions ====
+| Infinitive | Past Tense |
+|------------|------------|
+| ਖਾਣਾ      | ਖਾਇਆ      |
+| ਪੀਣਾ      | ਪੀਆ        |
+| ਜਾਣਾ      | ਗਿਆ        |
+| ਕਰਨਾ      | ਕੀਤਾ       |
+| ਦੇਖਣਾ      | ਦੇਖਿਆ     |
+=== Conclusion ===
+Congratulations on completing this lesson on the past tense in Panjabi! Remember, practice makes perfect. The more you use the past tense in your conversations, the more natural it will become.
+Don't hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher. Keep practicing and soon you will be narrating stories and sharing your experiences in Panjabi with ease!
 {{#seo:
-|title=Panjabi Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense
-|keywords=Panjabi grammar, Panjabi language, verbs, past tense, sentence structure, time expressions
+|title=Panjabi Grammar: Past Tense for Beginners
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use verbs in the past tense and form sentences about past events in Panjabi. Follow our cultural tips and practical exercises to reinforce your learning.
+|keywords=Panjabi past tense, Panjabi grammar, learn Panjabi, Panjabi verbs, beginners Panjabi
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use verbs in the past tense and form sentences about past events in Panjabi. Perfect for complete beginners!
 }}
-{{Panjabi-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
+{{Template:Panjabi-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
 [[Category:Course]]
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 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Panjabi-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Other Lessons==
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 * [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Nouns-and-Pronouns|Nouns and Pronouns]]
 * [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Plural|Plural]]
 {{Panjabi-Page-Bottom}}
-<span links></span>
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Present-Tense|◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Future-Tense|Next Lesson — Future Tense ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>