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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Slovenian|Slovenian]]  → [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Unit 2 - Basic Grammar and Sentence Structure → Pronouns and their use</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Slovenian|Slovenian]]  → [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Slovenian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Pronouns and their use</div>


__TOC__
Welcome to our lesson on '''Slovenian Pronouns'''! Pronouns are a crucial part of any language, and they serve as the glue that holds sentences together. In Slovenian, personal and possessive pronouns help us replace nouns and indicate ownership, making our communication more fluid and natural. This lesson will guide you through the complexities of pronouns in Slovenian, ensuring you grasp their essentials as you advance toward the A1 level.
 
We will specifically cover the following topics:
 
* '''Personal Pronouns''': What they are, their forms, and how to use them in different contexts.
 
* '''Possessive Pronouns''': Understanding ownership and possession in Slovenian.
 
* '''Usage in Different Cases''': How pronouns change depending on their grammatical role in a sentence.


== Introduction ==
* '''Practice Exercises''': Applying what you've learned through engaging exercises.


Welcome to Unit 2 of the "Complete 0 to A1 Slovenian Course"! In this unit, we will dive into the world of pronouns and their use in Slovenian. Pronouns are an essential part of any language, as they allow us to refer to people, objects, and things without repeating their names. Understanding how to use pronouns correctly will greatly enhance your ability to communicate in Slovenian.
By the end of this lesson, you'll have a solid understanding of Slovenian pronouns and how to use them effectively.  


In this lesson, we will focus on personal and possessive pronouns. We will explore the different cases and tenses in which they are used. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in using pronouns in Slovenian sentences.
__TOC__


Let's begin!
=== Personal Pronouns ===


== Personal Pronouns ==
Pronouns are used to replace nouns, and personal pronouns specifically refer to people or things. In Slovenian, personal pronouns change their form based on the grammatical case. Let's explore the different personal pronouns in Slovenian.


Personal pronouns are used to refer to people or things. They can be used as the subject or object of a sentence. In Slovenian, personal pronouns have different forms depending on the case and tense in which they are used.
==== Subjective Case ====


Here is a table showing the personal pronouns in Slovenian:
In the subjective case, personal pronouns act as the subject of a sentence. Here are the personal pronouns in Slovenian:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| jaz || yahz || I
 
| jaz || [jazz] || I
 
|-
|-
| ti || tee || you (singular)
 
| ti || [tee] || you (singular)
 
|-
|-
| on || ohn || he
 
| on || [on] || he
 
|-
|-
| ona || ohnah || she
 
| ona || [oh-nah] || she
 
|-
|-
| mi || mee || we
 
| ono || [oh-noh] || it
 
|-
|-
| vi || vee || you (plural)
 
| mi || [mee] || we
 
|-
 
| vi || [vee] || you (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| oni || ohnee || they (masculine)
 
| oni || [oh-nee] || they (masculine)
 
|-
|-
| one || ohneh || they (feminine)
 
| one || [oh-neh] || they (feminine)
 
|-
|-
| ono || ohnoh || it
 
| ona || [oh-nah] || they (neuter)
 
|}
|}


=== Using Personal Pronouns in Different Cases ===
* '''Example Sentences''':
 
1. '''Jaz sem učitelj.''' (I am a teacher.)
 
2. '''Ti si moj prijatelj.''' (You are my friend.)
 
3. '''On hodi v šolo.''' (He goes to school.)


In Slovenian, personal pronouns change depending on the case they are used in. There are six cases in Slovenian: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, locative, and instrumental.
4. '''Ona je lepa.''' (She is beautiful.)


Let's take a look at how personal pronouns change in each case:
5. '''Oni igrajo nogomet.''' (They play football.)


==== Nominative Case ====
==== Objective Case ====


The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence. Here are the personal pronouns in the nominative case:
In the objective case, the pronouns receive the action of the verb. Here are the objective forms:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| jaz || yahz || I
 
| mene || [meh-neh] || me
 
|-
|-
| ti || tee || you (singular)
 
| tebe || [teh-beh] || you (singular)
 
|-
|-
| on || ohn || he
 
| njega || [nyeh-gah] || him
 
|-
|-
| ona || ohnah || she
 
| njo || [nyoh] || her
 
|-
 
| njega || [nyeh-gah] || it
 
|-
|-
| mi || mee || we
 
| nas || [nahs] || us
 
|-
|-
| vi || vee || you (plural)
 
| vas || [vahs] || you (plural/formal)
 
|-
|-
| oni || ohnee || they (masculine)
 
| njih || [neegh] || them (masculine)
 
|-
|-
| one || ohneh || they (feminine)
 
| njih || [neegh] || them (feminine)
 
|-
|-
| ono || ohnoh || it
 
| njih || [neegh] || them (neuter)
 
|}
|}


Here are some examples of personal pronouns in the nominative case:
* '''Example Sentences''':


* Jaz sem učitelj. (I am a teacher.)
1. '''Vidim tebe.''' (I see you.)
* Ti si prijazen. (You are kind.)
* On je visok. (He is tall.)
* Ona je pametna. (She is smart.)
* Mi smo prijatelji. (We are friends.)
* Vi ste srečni. (You are happy.)
* Oni so moški. (They are men.)
* One so ženske. (They are women.)
* Ono je majhno. (It is small.)


==== Accusative Case ====
2. '''Kličem njega.''' (I am calling him.)
 
3. '''Ljubim jo.''' (I love her.)
 
4. '''Slišim nas.''' (I hear us.)
 
5. '''Pomagaj njim.''' (Help them.)
 
=== Possessive Pronouns ===


The accusative case is used for the direct object of a sentence. Here are the personal pronouns in the accusative case:
Possessive pronouns indicate ownership or possession. In Slovenian, they also change forms based on the gender, number, and case of the noun they modify. Here are the basic possessive pronouns:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| mene || mehneh || me
 
| moj || [moy] || my (masculine)
 
|-
|-
| tebe || tehbeh || you (singular)
 
| moja || [moh-yah] || my (feminine)
 
|-
|-
| njega || nyegah || him
 
| moje || [moh-yeh] || my (neuter)
 
|-
|-
| njo || nyoh || her
 
| tvoj || [tvoy] || your (singular, masculine)
 
|-
|-
| nas || nahs || us
 
| tvoja || [tvoy-yah] || your (singular, feminine)
 
|-
|-
| vas || vahs || you (plural)
 
| tvoje || [tvoy-yeh] || your (singular, neuter)
 
|-
|-
| njih || nyeeh || them (masculine)
 
| njegov || [nyeh-gohv] || his
 
|-
|-
| njih || nyeeh || them (feminine)
 
| njen || [nyen] || her
 
|-
|-
| to || toh || it
|}


Here are some examples of personal pronouns in the accusative case:
| najin || [nigh-in] || our (dual)


* Vidim te. (I see you.)
|-
* Ona vidi njega. (She sees him.)
* Njo slišim. (I hear her.)
* Vas pozdravljam. (I greet you.)
* Oni vidijo njih. (They see them.)
* To razumem. (I understand it.)


==== Genitive Case ====
| najina || [nigh-ee-nah] || our (dual, feminine)
 
|-


The genitive case is used to show possession or to indicate the object of a preposition. Here are the personal pronouns in the genitive case:
| najino || [nigh-ee-noh] || our (dual, neuter)


{| class="wikitable"
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| mene || mehneh || my
 
| vaš || [vahsh] || your (plural/formal, masculine)
 
|-
|-
| tebe || tehbeh || your (singular)
 
| vaša || [vah-shah] || your (plural/formal, feminine)
 
|-
|-
| njega || nyegah || his
 
| vaše || [vah-sheh] || your (plural/formal, neuter)
 
|-
|-
| nje || nyeh || her
 
| njihov || [nee-ghohv] || their (masculine)
 
|-
|-
| nas || nahs || our
 
| njihova || [nee-ghoh-vah] || their (feminine)
 
|-
|-
| vas || vahs || your (plural)
 
|-
| njihovo || [nee-ghoh-voh] || their (neuter)
| njih || nyeeh || their (masculine)
 
|-
| njih || nyeeh || their (feminine)
|-
| tega || tehgah || its
|}
|}


Here are some examples of personal pronouns in the genitive case:
* '''Example Sentences''':
 
1. '''To je moja knjiga.''' (This is my book.)
 
2. '''Tvoja torba je tukaj.''' (Your bag is here.)
 
3. '''Njegov avto je rdeč.''' (His car is red.)
 
4. '''Njen pes je velik.''' (Her dog is big.)
 
5. '''Naš dom je tukaj.''' (Our home is here.)
 
=== Cases of Pronouns ===
 
In Slovenian, nouns and pronouns change their forms based on the grammatical case they are in. The primary cases are nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and locative. Let's explore how pronouns change in different cases with examples.
 
==== Nominative Case ====
 
This is the subject case, where pronouns remain unchanged as previously mentioned.
 
* '''Examples''':
 
1. '''Jaz''' sem srečen. (I am happy.)
 
2. '''Ona''' je dobra. (She is good.)
 
==== Accusative Case ====
 
In the accusative case, pronouns change their form to indicate the direct object of the verb.
 
* '''Examples''':
 
1. '''Vidim''' '''tebe'''. (I see you.)
 
2. '''Slišim''' '''jo'''. (I hear her.)
 
==== Genitive Case ====
 
The genitive case indicates possession. Here are the changes:
 
* '''Examples''':
 
1. '''To je''' '''moj''' avto. (This is my car.)


* To je moj avto. (This is my car.)
2. '''Nimam''' '''njega'''. (I do not have him.)
* To je tvoj avto. (This is your car.)
* To je njegov avto. (This is his car.)
* To je njen avto. (This is her car.)
* To je naš avto. (This is our car.)
* To je vaš avto. (This is your car.)
* To je njihov avto. (This is their car.)
* To je njihov avto. (This is their car.)
* To je njegovo kolo. (This is its bike.)


==== Dative Case ====
==== Dative Case ====


The dative case is used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence or to show the recipient of an action. Here are the personal pronouns in the dative case:
This case indicates the indirect object, often the recipient of an action.


{| class="wikitable"
* '''Examples''':
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| meni || mehnee || to me
|-
| tebi || tehbee || to you (singular)
|-
| njemu || nyemoo || to him
|-
| njej || nyay || to her
|-
| nam || nahm || to us
|-
| vam || vahm || to you (plural)
|-
| njim || nyem || to them (masculine)
|-
| njim || nyem || to them (feminine)
|-
| temu || tehmooh || to it
|}


Here are some examples of personal pronouns in the dative case:
1. '''Dajem''' '''tebi''' knjigo. (I am giving you a book.)


* Dam ti darilo. (I give you a gift.)
2. '''Pomagaj''' '''njej'''. (Help her.)
* On ji pomaga. (He helps her.)
* Povejte nam. (Tell us.)
* Govorim vam. (I speak to you.)
* Dajte jim knjigo. (Give them a book.)
* Povejte temu. (Tell it.)


==== Locative Case ====
==== Locative Case ====


The locative case is used to show the location of an action or to indicate a place or time. Here are the personal pronouns in the locative case:
The locative case denotes location or context.


{| class="wikitable"
* '''Examples''':
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
|-
1. '''Razgovarjam''' '''o''' '''njem'''. (I am talking about him.)
| meni || mehnee || to/in/at me
 
|-
2. '''Mislim''' '''o''' '''njoj'''. (I am thinking about her.)
| tebi || tehbee || to/in/at you (singular)
 
|-
=== Practice Exercises ===
| njemu || nyemoo || to/in/at him
 
|-
Now that we've covered the essentials of personal and possessive pronouns, it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises for you to practice.
| njej || nyay || to/in/at her
 
|-
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
| nam || nahm || to/in/at us
 
|-
Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronoun (jaz, ti, on, ona, mi, vi, oni, one) based on the context of the sentence.
| vam || vahm || to/in/at you (plural)
 
|-
1. _____ sem učitelj. (I am a teacher.)
| njim || nyem || to/in/at them (masculine)
 
|-
2. _____ hodi v šolo. (He goes to school.)
| njim || nyem || to/in/at them (feminine)
 
|-
3. _____ ste moji prijatelji. (You are my friends.)
| temu || tehmooh || to/in/at it
 
|}
4. _____ igrajo nogomet. (They play football.)
 
5. _____ je lepa. (She is beautiful.)
 
* '''Answers''':
 
1. Jaz
 
2. On
 
3. Vi
 
4. Oni
 
5. Ona
 
==== Exercise 2: Rewrite with Possessive Pronouns ====
 
Rewrite the sentences using the appropriate possessive pronoun.
 
1. To je avto mojega prijatelja. (This is my friend's car.)
 
2. Ona ima knjigo. (She has a book.)
 
3. Ti si prijatelj. (You are a friend.)
 
4. Njegov pes je velik. (His dog is big.)
 
5. Naš dom je tukaj. (Our home is here.)
 
* '''Answers''':
 
1. To je moj avto.
 
2. To je njena knjiga.
 
3. To je tvoj prijatelj.
 
4. Njegov pes je velik.
 
5. Naš dom je tukaj.
 
==== Exercise 3: Translate to Slovenian ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Slovenian using the correct pronouns.
 
1. I see her.
 
2. They are my friends.
 
3. You (plural) have a car.
 
4. We help him.
 
5. She loves her dog.
 
* '''Answers''':
 
1. Vidim jo.
 
2. Oni so moji prijatelji.
 
3. Vi imate avto.
 
4. Mi mu pomagamo.
 
5. Ona ljubi svojega psa.
 
==== Exercise 4: Matching Exercise ====
 
Match the English phrases with their correct Slovenian translations.
 
1. My book 
 
2. Your (feminine) dog 
 
3. Their house 
 
4. Our friends 
 
5. Her cat 
 
* '''Answers''':
 
1. Moja knjiga
 
2. Tvoja pes
 
3. Njihova hiša
 
4. Naši prijatelji
 
5. Njen maček


Here are some examples of personal pronouns in the locative case:
==== Exercise 5: Case Identification ====


* Sem pri tebi. (I am at your place.)
Identify the case of the underlined pronouns in the sentences below.
* Hodim z njim. (I walk with him.)
* Grem k njej. (I go to her.)
* Pridemo k vam. (We come to you.)
* Gremo z njimi. (We go with them.)
* Sem v tem. (I am in it.)


==== Instrumental Case ====
1. Jaz sem srečen. (I am happy.)


The instrumental case is used to indicate the means or instrument of an action. Here are the personal pronouns in the instrumental case:
2. Vidim tebe. (I see you.)


{| class="wikitable"
3. To je njena knjiga. (This is her book.)
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| z mano || z mahnoh || with me
|-
| s tabo || s tahboh || with you (singular)
|-
| z njim || z nyem || with him
|-
| z njo || z nyoh || with her
|-
| z nami || z nahmee || with us
|-
| z vami || z vahmee || with you (plural)
|-
| z njimi || z nyemee || with them (masculine)
|-
| z njimi || z nyemee || with them (feminine)
|-
| s tem || s tehm || with it
|}


Here are some examples of personal pronouns in the instrumental case:
4. Pomagam tebi. (I help you.)


* Pišem z mano. (I write with me.)
5. Mislim o njej. (I think about her.)
* Govoriš s tabo. (You speak with yourself.)
* Dela z njim. (He works with him.)
* Pleše z njo. (She dances with her.)
* Pojemo z nami. (We sing with us.)
* Pogovarjate se z vami. (You talk with yourselves.)
* Igrajo z njimi. (They play with them.)
* S tem igračo se igra. (He plays with this toy.)


=== Using Personal Pronouns with Verbs in Different Tenses ===
* '''Answers''':


Personal pronouns in Slovenian can also change depending on the tense of the verb they are used with. Let's take a look at how personal pronouns change in different tenses:
1. Nominative


==== Present Tense ====
2. Accusative


In the present tense, personal pronouns usually stay the same as in the nominative case. However, there are some exceptions when pronouns are attached to verbs as clitics.
3. Genitive


Here are some examples of personal pronouns in the present tense:
4. Dative


* Jaz grem v trgovino. (I am going to the store.)
5. Locative
* Ti hodiš v šolo. (You go to school.)
* On hodi na delo. (He goes to work.)
* Ona pleše v plesni dvorani. (She dances in the dance hall.)
* Mi beremo knjigo. (We read a book.)
* Vi se učite slovenščino. (You learn Slovenian.)
* Oni igrajo nogomet. (They play soccer.)
* One pojejo v zboru. (They sing in the choir.)
* Ono spi v postelji. (It sleeps in the bed.)


==== Past Tense ====
==== Exercise 6: Sentence Completion ====


In the past tense, personal pronouns are attached to the end of the verb as clitics. Here are the personal pronouns in the past tense:
Complete the sentences using the correct form of the possessive pronoun.


{| class="wikitable"
1. To je _____ (my) knjiga.
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| sem || sehm || I
|-
| si || see || you (singular)
|-
| je || yeh || he
|-
| je || yeh || she
|-
| smo || smoh || we
|-
| ste || steh || you (plural)
|-
| so || soh || they (masculine)
|-
| so || soh || they (feminine)
|-
| je || yeh || it
|}


Here are some examples of personal pronouns in the past tense:
2. Tvoja torba je _____ (here).


* Sem šel v knjižnico. (I went to the library.)
3. Njegov avto je _____ (red).
* Si šla na sprehod? (Did you go for a walk?)
* Je prišel domov. (He came home.)
* Je odpotovala v tujino. (She traveled abroad.)
* Smo brali knjigo. (We read a book.)
* Ste se učili matematiko? (Did you learn math?)
* So igrali tenis. (They played tennis.)
* So pela v zboru. (They sang in the choir.)
* Je spal v postelji. (It slept in the bed.)


== Possessive Pronouns ==
4. Naša hiša je _____ (big).


Possessive pronouns are used to show ownership or possession. They agree in gender and number with the thing being possessed. In Slovenian, possessive pronouns have different forms depending on the case and tense in which they are used.
5. Njihovi prijatelji so _____ (nice).


Here is a table showing the possessive pronouns in Slovenian:
* '''Answers''':


{| class="wikitable"
1. moja
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| moj || moy || my (singular masculine)
|-
| moja || moyah || my (singular feminine)
|-
| moje || moyeh || my (singular neuter)
|-
| tvoj || tvoy || your (singular masculine)
|-
| tvoja || tvoyah || your (singular feminine)
|-
| tvoje || tvoyeh || your (singular neuter)
|-
| njegov || nyegov || his
|-
| njegova || nyegovah || his
|-
| njegovo || nyegovoh || his
|-
| njen || nyen || her
|-
| njena || nyenah || her
|-
| njeno || nyenoh || her
|-
| najin || nyain || our (masculine)
|-
| najina || nyainah || our (feminine)
|-
| najino || nyainoh || our (neuter)
|-
| vajin || vayin || your (singular masculine)
|-
| vajina || vayinah || your (singular feminine)
|-
| vajino || vayinoh || your (singular neuter)
|-
| njun || nyoon || their (masculine)
|-
| njuna || nyoonah || their (feminine)
|-
| njuno || nyoonoh || their (neuter)
|-
| njen || nyen || its
|-
| njena || nyenah || its
|-
| njeno || nyenoh || its
|}


=== Using Possessive Pronouns in Different Cases ===
2. tukaj


Possessive pronouns in Slovenian change depending on the case they are used in, just like personal pronouns. Let's take a look at how possessive pronouns change in each case:
3. rdeč


==== Nominative Case ====
4. velika


In the nominative case, possessive pronouns agree in gender and number with the thing being possessed. Here are the possessive pronouns in the nominative case:
5. prijetni


{| class="wikitable"
==== Exercise 7: Pronoun Transformation ====
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| moj || moy || my (singular masculine)
|-
| moja || moyah || my (singular feminine)
|-
| moje || moyeh || my (singular neuter)
|-
| tvoj || tvoy || your (singular masculine)
|-
| tvoja || tvoyah || your (singular feminine)
|-
| tvoje || tvoyeh || your (singular neuter)
|-
| njegov || nyegov || his
|-
| njegova || nyegovah || his
|-
| njegovo || nyegovoh || his
|-
| njen || nyen || her
|-
| njena || nyenah || her
|-
| njeno || nyenoh || her
|-
| najin || nyain || our (masculine)
|-
| najina || nyainah || our (feminine)
|-
| najino || nyainoh || our (neuter)
|-
| vajin || vayin || your (singular masculine)
|-
| vajina || vayinah || your (singular feminine)
|-
| vajino || vayinoh || your (singular neuter)
|-
| njun || nyoon || their (masculine)
|-
| njuna || nyoonah || their (feminine)
|-
| njuno || nyoonoh || their (neuter)
|-
| njen || nyen || its
|-
| njena || nyenah || its
|-
| njeno || nyenoh || its
|}


Here are some examples of possessive pronouns in the nominative case:
Transform the following sentences by replacing the noun with the appropriate pronoun.


* To je moj avto. (This is my car.)
1. Marko je v šoli. (Marko is at school.)
* To je moja hiša. (This is my house.)
* To je moje kolo. (This is my bike.)
* To je tvoj avto. (This is your car.)
* To je tvoja hiša. (This is your house.)
* To je tvoje kolo. (This is your bike.)
* To je njegov avto. (This is his car.)
* To je njegova hiša. (This is his house.)
* To je njegovo kolo. (This is his bike.)


==== Accusative Case ====
2. Marija ima knjigo. (Marija has a book.)


In the accusative case, possessive pronouns also agree in gender and number with the thing being possessed. Here are the possessive pronouns in the accusative case:
3. Ana in Jure sta prijatelja. (Ana and Jure are friends.)


{| class="wikitable"
4. Peter in Janez sta v parku. (Peter and Janez are in the park.)
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| mojega || moyehgah || my (singular masculine)
|-
| mojo || moyoh || my (singular feminine)
|-
| moje || moyeh || my (singular neuter)
|-
| tvojega || tvoyehgah || your (singular masculine)
|-
| tvojo || tvoyoh || your (singular feminine)
|-
| tvoje || tvoyeh || your (singular neuter)
|-
| njegovega || nyegovaygah || his
|-
| njegovo || nyegovoh || his
|-
| njegovo || nyegovoh || his
|-
| njene || nyeneh || her
|-
| njeno || nyenoh || her
|-
| njeno || nyenoh || her
|-
| najinega || nyainaygah || our (masculine)
|-
| najino || nyainoh || our (neuter)
|-
| najino || nyainoh || our (neuter)
|-
| vajinega || vayinaygah || your (singular masculine)
|-
| vajino || vayinoh || your (singular neuter)
|-
| vajino || vayinoh || your (singular neuter)
|-
| njunega || nyoonaygah || their (masculine)
|-
| njuno || nyoonoh || their (neuter)
|-
| njuno || nyoonoh || their (neuter)
|-
| njegovega || nyegovaygah || its
|-
| njegovo || nyegovoh || its
|-
| njegovo || nyegovoh || its
|}


Here are some examples of possessive pronouns in the accusative case:
5. Moj oče je zdravnik. (My father is a doctor.)


* Vidim mojega brata. (I see my brother.)
* '''Answers''':
* Vidim mojo sestro. (I see my sister.)
* Vidim moje prijatelje. (I see my friends.)
* Vidim tvojega brata. (I see your brother.)
* Vidim tvojo sestro. (I see your sister.)
* Vidim tvoje prijatelje. (I see your friends.)
* Vidim njegovega brata. (I see his brother.)
* Vidim njegovo sestro. (I see his sister.)
* Vidim njegove prijatelje. (I see his friends.)


==== Genitive Case ====
1. On je v šoli.


In the genitive case, possessive pronouns also agree in gender and number with the thing being possessed. Here are the possessive pronouns in the genitive case:
2. Ona ima jo.


{| class="wikitable"
3. Oni sta prijatelji.
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| mojega || moyehgah || my (singular masculine)
|-
| moje || moyeh || my (singular neuter)
|-
| moje || moyeh || my (singular neuter)
|-
| tvojega || tvoyehgah || your (singular masculine)
|-
| tvoje || tvoyeh || your (singular neuter)
|-
| tvoje || tvoyeh || your (singular neuter)
|-
| njegovega || nyegovaygah || his
|-
| njegove || nyegovah || his
|-
| njegove || nyegovah || his
|-
| njene || nyeneh || her
|-
| njene || nyeneh || her
|-
| njene || nyeneh || her
|-
| najinega || nyainaygah || our (masculine)
|-
| najine || nyainah || our (feminine)
|-
| najine || nyainah || our (feminine)
|-
| vajinega || vayinaygah || your (singular masculine)
|-
| vajine || vayinah || your (singular feminine)
|-
| vajine || vayinah || your (singular feminine)
|-
| njunega || nyoonaygah || their (masculine)
|-
| njunega || nyoonaygah || their (masculine)
|-
| njunega || nyoonaygah || their (masculine)
|-
| njegovega || nyegovaygah || its
|-
| njegove || nyegovah || its
|-
| njegove || nyegovah || its
|}


Here are some examples of possessive pronouns in the genitive case:
4. Oni sta v parku.


* To je avto mojega brata. (This is my brother's car.)
5. On je zdravnik.
* To je hiša moje sestre. (This is my sister's house.)
* To je kolo mojih prijateljev. (This is my friends' bike.)
* To je avto tvojega brata. (This is your brother's car.)
* To je hiša tvoje sestre. (This is your sister's house.)
* To je kolo tvojih prijateljev. (This is your friends' bike.)
* To je avto njegovega brata. (This is his brother's car.)
* To je hiša njegove sestre. (This is his sister's house.)
* To je kolo njegovih prijateljev. (This is his friends' bike.)


=== Using Possessive Pronouns with Verbs in Different Tenses ===
==== Exercise 8: Fill in the Correct Case ====


Possessive pronouns in Slovenian also change depending on the tense of the verb they are used with. Let's take a look at how possessive pronouns change in different tenses:
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the pronouns based on their cases.


==== Present Tense ====
1. Dajem _____ (you) knjigo. (Dative)


In the present tense, possessive pronouns usually stay the same as in the nominative case. However, there are some exceptions when pronouns are attached to verbs as clitics.
2. Vidim _____ (them). (Accusative)


Here are some examples of possessive pronouns in the present tense:
3. Mislim _____ (her). (Accusative)


* To je moj avto. (This is my car.)
4. To je _____ (my) avto. (Genitive)
* To je tvoj avto. (This is your car.)
* To je njegov avto. (This is his car.)
* To je njen avto. (This is her car.)
* To je najin avto. (This is our car.)
* To je vajin avto. (This is your car.)
* To je njun avto. (This is their car.)
* To je njen avto. (This is its car.)


==== Past Tense ====
5. To je _____ (their) hiša. (Genitive)


In the past tense, possessive pronouns are attached to the end of the verb as clitics. Here are the possessive pronouns in the past tense:
* '''Answers''':


{| class="wikitable"
1. tebi
! Slovenian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| mojega || moyehgah || my (singular masculine)
|-
| mojo || moyoh || my (singular feminine)
|-
| moje || moyeh || my (singular neuter)
|-
| tvojega || tvoyehgah || your (singular masculine)
|-
| tvojo || tvoyoh || your (singular feminine)
|-
| tvoje || tvoyeh || your (singular neuter)
|-
| njegovega || nyegovaygah || his
|-
| njegovo || nyegovoh || his
|-
| njegovo || nyegovoh || his
|-
| njene || nyeneh || her
|-
| njeno || nyenoh || her
|-
| njeno || nyenoh || her
|-
| najinega || nyainaygah || our (masculine)
|-
| najino || nyainoh || our (neuter)
|-
| najino || nyainoh || our (neuter)
|-
| vajinega || vayinaygah || your (singular masculine)
|-
| vajino || vayinoh || your (singular neuter)
|-
| vajino || vayinoh || your (singular neuter)
|-
| njunega || nyoonaygah || their (masculine)
|-
| njuno || nyoonoh || their (neuter)
|-
| njuno || nyoonoh || their (neuter)
|-
| njegovega || nyegovaygah || its
|-
| njegovo || nyegovoh || its
|-
| njegovo || nyegovoh || its
|}


Here are some examples of possessive pronouns in the past tense:
2. njih


* Videl sem mojega brata. (I saw my brother.)
3. njo
* Videla sem mojo sestro. (I saw my sister.)
* Videlo sem moje prijatelje. (I saw my friends.)
* Videl sem tvojega brata. (I saw your brother.)
* Videla sem tvojo sestro. (I saw your sister.)
* Videlo sem tvoje prijatelje. (I saw your friends.)
* Videl sem njegovega brata. (I saw his brother.)
* Videla sem njegovo sestro. (I saw his sister.)
* Videlo sem njegove prijatelje. (I saw his friends.)


== Cultural Insights ==
4. moj


The usage of pronouns in Slovenian reflects the cultural values and norms of the Slovenian people. Slovenians place great importance on personal relationships and respect for others. This is reflected in the use of personal pronouns, which are used to address others with politeness and to show respect.
5. njihova


In Slovenian culture, it is common to use the formal version of personal pronouns when speaking to someone you are not familiar with or someone of higher social status. This is a sign of respect and politeness. The informal version of personal pronouns is used when speaking to friends, family members, or people of the same age or social status.
==== Exercise 9: Translation Practice ====


It is also worth noting that Slovenian is a gender-neutral language. Unlike many other languages, Slovenian does not have separate pronouns for male and female. This reflects the egalitarian values of Slovenian society, where gender equality is highly valued.
Translate the following sentences into Slovenian, using the correct pronouns.


== Practice Exercises ==
1. You (singular) are my friend.


Now that we have learned about personal and possessive pronouns in Slovenian, let's practice using them in different cases and tenses. Complete the following exercises, and then check your answers below.
2. I see them (feminine).


Exercise 1: Fill in the blank with the appropriate personal pronoun in the given case and tense.
3. Our dog is friendly.


1. _______________ sem učitelj. (nominative, present tense)
4. Her book is interesting.
2. Vidim _______________. (accusative, present tense)
3. To je avto _______________. (genitive, present tense)
4. Povejte _______________. (dative, present tense)
5. Sem pri _______________. (locative, present tense)
6. Pišem z _______________. (instrumental, present tense)
7. _______________ sem šel v knjižnico. (nominative, past tense)
8. Vidim _______________ brata. (accusative, past tense)
9. To je avto _______________ brata. (genitive, past tense)
10. Videl sem _______________ brata. (accusative, past tense)


Exercise 2: Fill in the blank with the appropriate possessive pronoun in the given case and tense.
5. We help you (plural).


1. To je _______________ avto. (nominative, present tense)
* '''Answers''':
2. Vidim _______________ brata. (accusative, present tense)
3. To je avto _______________ brata. (genitive, present tense)
4. Videl sem _______________ brata. (accusative, past tense)
5. To je _______________ avto. (nominative, past tense)
6. Videla sem _______________ sestro. (accusative, past tense)
7. To je avto _______________ prijateljev. (genitive, past tense)
8. Videla sem _______________ prijatelje. (accusative, past tense)


Exercise 3: Translate the following sentences into Slovenian.
1. Ti si moj prijatelj.


1. She is my best friend.
2. Vidim jih.
2. We are going to their house.
3. I gave him a present.
4. Are you coming with us?
5. This is his book.


Exercise 4: Translate the following sentences into English.
3. Naš pes je prijazen.


1. To je njegova hiša.
4. Njena knjiga je zanimiva.
2. Vidim vaš avto.
3. Ona je njegova sestra.
4. Povejte jim.
5. Sem pri tebi.


== Exercise Solutions ==
5. Mi vam pomagamo.


Exercise 1:  
==== Exercise 10: Creative Writing ====


1. Jaz
Write five sentences using a variety of personal and possessive pronouns. Aim to include different cases and contexts.
2. tebe
3. mojega
4. nam
5. meni
6. mano
7. Sem
8. svojega
9. mojega
10. svojega


Exercise 2:
* '''Example Answers''':


1. moj
1. Jaz imam mojo knjigo in ti imaš svojo.
2. mojega
3. mojega
4. svojega
5. moj
6. svojo
7. njihov
8. njihove


Exercise 3:
2. Ona je srečna, ker ima njen pes veliko prijateljev.


1. Ona je moja najboljša prijateljica.
3. Mi gremo v kino, vi pa v gledališče.
2. Gremo k njihovi hiši.
3. Sem mu dal darilo.
4. Greš z nami?
5. To je njegova knjiga.


Exercise 4:
4. Njihova hiša je velika in lepa.


1. This is his house.
5. On daje svojemu prijatelju darilo.
2. I see your car.
3. She is his sister.
4. Tell them.
5. I am at your place.


That's it for this lesson! You have learned how to use personal and possessive pronouns in Slovenian, including the different cases and tenses in which they are used. Keep practicing and using pronouns in your conversations to become more fluent in Slovenian. Good luck!
Congratulations on completing this lesson on Slovenian pronouns! Remember to practice regularly, as using pronouns correctly will help you sound more natural in your conversations. Keep up the great work as you continue your journey toward mastering the Slovenian language!


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|title=Slovenian Grammar → Unit 2 - Basic Grammar and Sentence Structure → Pronouns and their use
 
|keywords=Slovenian grammar, Slovenian pronouns, personal pronouns in Slovenian, possessive pronouns in Slovenian, Slovenian cases, Slovenian tenses
|title=Slovenian Grammar: Understanding Pronouns
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use personal and possessive pronouns in Slovenian, including the different cases and tenses in which they are used. Get ready to enhance your communication skills in Slovenian!
 
|keywords=Slovenian, pronouns, personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, language learning
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use personal and possessive pronouns in Slovenian, along with practical exercises to reinforce your understanding.
 
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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 19:06, 1 August 2024


Slovenian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Slovenian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Pronouns and their use

Welcome to our lesson on Slovenian Pronouns! Pronouns are a crucial part of any language, and they serve as the glue that holds sentences together. In Slovenian, personal and possessive pronouns help us replace nouns and indicate ownership, making our communication more fluid and natural. This lesson will guide you through the complexities of pronouns in Slovenian, ensuring you grasp their essentials as you advance toward the A1 level.

We will specifically cover the following topics:

  • Personal Pronouns: What they are, their forms, and how to use them in different contexts.
  • Possessive Pronouns: Understanding ownership and possession in Slovenian.
  • Usage in Different Cases: How pronouns change depending on their grammatical role in a sentence.
  • Practice Exercises: Applying what you've learned through engaging exercises.

By the end of this lesson, you'll have a solid understanding of Slovenian pronouns and how to use them effectively.

Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Pronouns are used to replace nouns, and personal pronouns specifically refer to people or things. In Slovenian, personal pronouns change their form based on the grammatical case. Let's explore the different personal pronouns in Slovenian.

Subjective Case[edit | edit source]

In the subjective case, personal pronouns act as the subject of a sentence. Here are the personal pronouns in Slovenian:

Slovenian Pronunciation English
jaz [jazz] I
ti [tee] you (singular)
on [on] he
ona [oh-nah] she
ono [oh-noh] it
mi [mee] we
vi [vee] you (plural/formal)
oni [oh-nee] they (masculine)
one [oh-neh] they (feminine)
ona [oh-nah] they (neuter)
  • Example Sentences:

1. Jaz sem učitelj. (I am a teacher.)

2. Ti si moj prijatelj. (You are my friend.)

3. On hodi v šolo. (He goes to school.)

4. Ona je lepa. (She is beautiful.)

5. Oni igrajo nogomet. (They play football.)

Objective Case[edit | edit source]

In the objective case, the pronouns receive the action of the verb. Here are the objective forms:

Slovenian Pronunciation English
mene [meh-neh] me
tebe [teh-beh] you (singular)
njega [nyeh-gah] him
njo [nyoh] her
njega [nyeh-gah] it
nas [nahs] us
vas [vahs] you (plural/formal)
njih [neegh] them (masculine)
njih [neegh] them (feminine)
njih [neegh] them (neuter)
  • Example Sentences:

1. Vidim tebe. (I see you.)

2. Kličem njega. (I am calling him.)

3. Ljubim jo. (I love her.)

4. Slišim nas. (I hear us.)

5. Pomagaj njim. (Help them.)

Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Possessive pronouns indicate ownership or possession. In Slovenian, they also change forms based on the gender, number, and case of the noun they modify. Here are the basic possessive pronouns:

Slovenian Pronunciation English
moj [moy] my (masculine)
moja [moh-yah] my (feminine)
moje [moh-yeh] my (neuter)
tvoj [tvoy] your (singular, masculine)
tvoja [tvoy-yah] your (singular, feminine)
tvoje [tvoy-yeh] your (singular, neuter)
njegov [nyeh-gohv] his
njen [nyen] her
najin [nigh-in] our (dual)
najina [nigh-ee-nah] our (dual, feminine)
najino [nigh-ee-noh] our (dual, neuter)
vaš [vahsh] your (plural/formal, masculine)
vaša [vah-shah] your (plural/formal, feminine)
vaše [vah-sheh] your (plural/formal, neuter)
njihov [nee-ghohv] their (masculine)
njihova [nee-ghoh-vah] their (feminine)
njihovo [nee-ghoh-voh] their (neuter)
  • Example Sentences:

1. To je moja knjiga. (This is my book.)

2. Tvoja torba je tukaj. (Your bag is here.)

3. Njegov avto je rdeč. (His car is red.)

4. Njen pes je velik. (Her dog is big.)

5. Naš dom je tukaj. (Our home is here.)

Cases of Pronouns[edit | edit source]

In Slovenian, nouns and pronouns change their forms based on the grammatical case they are in. The primary cases are nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and locative. Let's explore how pronouns change in different cases with examples.

Nominative Case[edit | edit source]

This is the subject case, where pronouns remain unchanged as previously mentioned.

  • Examples:

1. Jaz sem srečen. (I am happy.)

2. Ona je dobra. (She is good.)

Accusative Case[edit | edit source]

In the accusative case, pronouns change their form to indicate the direct object of the verb.

  • Examples:

1. Vidim tebe. (I see you.)

2. Slišim jo. (I hear her.)

Genitive Case[edit | edit source]

The genitive case indicates possession. Here are the changes:

  • Examples:

1. To je moj avto. (This is my car.)

2. Nimam njega. (I do not have him.)

Dative Case[edit | edit source]

This case indicates the indirect object, often the recipient of an action.

  • Examples:

1. Dajem tebi knjigo. (I am giving you a book.)

2. Pomagaj njej. (Help her.)

Locative Case[edit | edit source]

The locative case denotes location or context.

  • Examples:

1. Razgovarjam o njem. (I am talking about him.)

2. Mislim o njoj. (I am thinking about her.)

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the essentials of personal and possessive pronouns, it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises for you to practice.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronoun (jaz, ti, on, ona, mi, vi, oni, one) based on the context of the sentence.

1. _____ sem učitelj. (I am a teacher.)

2. _____ hodi v šolo. (He goes to school.)

3. _____ ste moji prijatelji. (You are my friends.)

4. _____ igrajo nogomet. (They play football.)

5. _____ je lepa. (She is beautiful.)

  • Answers:

1. Jaz

2. On

3. Vi

4. Oni

5. Ona

Exercise 2: Rewrite with Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the sentences using the appropriate possessive pronoun.

1. To je avto mojega prijatelja. (This is my friend's car.)

2. Ona ima knjigo. (She has a book.)

3. Ti si prijatelj. (You are a friend.)

4. Njegov pes je velik. (His dog is big.)

5. Naš dom je tukaj. (Our home is here.)

  • Answers:

1. To je moj avto.

2. To je njena knjiga.

3. To je tvoj prijatelj.

4. Njegov pes je velik.

5. Naš dom je tukaj.

Exercise 3: Translate to Slovenian[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Slovenian using the correct pronouns.

1. I see her.

2. They are my friends.

3. You (plural) have a car.

4. We help him.

5. She loves her dog.

  • Answers:

1. Vidim jo.

2. Oni so moji prijatelji.

3. Vi imate avto.

4. Mi mu pomagamo.

5. Ona ljubi svojega psa.

Exercise 4: Matching Exercise[edit | edit source]

Match the English phrases with their correct Slovenian translations.

1. My book

2. Your (feminine) dog

3. Their house

4. Our friends

5. Her cat

  • Answers:

1. Moja knjiga

2. Tvoja pes

3. Njihova hiša

4. Naši prijatelji

5. Njen maček

Exercise 5: Case Identification[edit | edit source]

Identify the case of the underlined pronouns in the sentences below.

1. Jaz sem srečen. (I am happy.)

2. Vidim tebe. (I see you.)

3. To je njena knjiga. (This is her book.)

4. Pomagam tebi. (I help you.)

5. Mislim o njej. (I think about her.)

  • Answers:

1. Nominative

2. Accusative

3. Genitive

4. Dative

5. Locative

Exercise 6: Sentence Completion[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the possessive pronoun.

1. To je _____ (my) knjiga.

2. Tvoja torba je _____ (here).

3. Njegov avto je _____ (red).

4. Naša hiša je _____ (big).

5. Njihovi prijatelji so _____ (nice).

  • Answers:

1. moja

2. tukaj

3. rdeč

4. velika

5. prijetni

Exercise 7: Pronoun Transformation[edit | edit source]

Transform the following sentences by replacing the noun with the appropriate pronoun.

1. Marko je v šoli. (Marko is at school.)

2. Marija ima knjigo. (Marija has a book.)

3. Ana in Jure sta prijatelja. (Ana and Jure are friends.)

4. Peter in Janez sta v parku. (Peter and Janez are in the park.)

5. Moj oče je zdravnik. (My father is a doctor.)

  • Answers:

1. On je v šoli.

2. Ona ima jo.

3. Oni sta prijatelji.

4. Oni sta v parku.

5. On je zdravnik.

Exercise 8: Fill in the Correct Case[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the pronouns based on their cases.

1. Dajem _____ (you) knjigo. (Dative)

2. Vidim _____ (them). (Accusative)

3. Mislim _____ (her). (Accusative)

4. To je _____ (my) avto. (Genitive)

5. To je _____ (their) hiša. (Genitive)

  • Answers:

1. tebi

2. njih

3. njo

4. moj

5. njihova

Exercise 9: Translation Practice[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Slovenian, using the correct pronouns.

1. You (singular) are my friend.

2. I see them (feminine).

3. Our dog is friendly.

4. Her book is interesting.

5. We help you (plural).

  • Answers:

1. Ti si moj prijatelj.

2. Vidim jih.

3. Naš pes je prijazen.

4. Njena knjiga je zanimiva.

5. Mi vam pomagamo.

Exercise 10: Creative Writing[edit | edit source]

Write five sentences using a variety of personal and possessive pronouns. Aim to include different cases and contexts.

  • Example Answers:

1. Jaz imam mojo knjigo in ti imaš svojo.

2. Ona je srečna, ker ima njen pes veliko prijateljev.

3. Mi gremo v kino, vi pa v gledališče.

4. Njihova hiša je velika in lepa.

5. On daje svojemu prijatelju darilo.

Congratulations on completing this lesson on Slovenian pronouns! Remember to practice regularly, as using pronouns correctly will help you sound more natural in your conversations. Keep up the great work as you continue your journey toward mastering the Slovenian language!

Table of Contents - Slovenian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Drink


Adjectives and Adverbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Hobbies and Free Time


Slovenian Customs and Traditions

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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