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<div class="pg_page_title">Nepali (individual language) Grammar → Nouns and Pronouns → Pronouns in Nepali</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Nepali (individual language) Grammar → Pronouns in Nepali</div>
 
In the beautiful tapestry of language, '''pronouns''' serve as essential threads that connect thoughts and ideas seamlessly. They help reduce redundancy, making communication smoother and more efficient. In Nepali, pronouns play a crucial role in both spoken and written forms, allowing speakers to refer to people, things, and concepts without repeating nouns over and over again.
 
This lesson is designed to introduce you to the various types of pronouns in Nepali, how they're used in sentences, and the nuances that accompany their usage. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Nepali pronouns, which will empower you to construct meaningful sentences with greater ease.


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Overview of Pronouns in Nepali ===
 
Pronouns in Nepali can be categorized into several types based on their function. Understanding these categories is vital for mastering their usage. Here are the main types of pronouns we will cover:


Welcome to the lesson on "Pronouns in Nepali"! In this lesson, we will explore the different types of pronouns in the Nepali language and how they are used in sentences. Pronouns play a crucial role in communication as they replace nouns to avoid repetition and make our speech or writing more concise. Understanding pronouns is essential for effective communication in Nepali. So, let's dive in and explore the fascinating world of Nepali pronouns!
* '''Personal Pronouns''' – Refer to specific people or things


== Types of Pronouns in Nepali ==
* '''Demonstrative Pronouns''' – Point to specific things


In Nepali, like in many other languages, there are several types of pronouns. Each type serves a specific purpose and has its own unique characteristics. Let's take a closer look at each type of pronoun:
* '''Interrogative Pronouns''' – Used to ask questions
 
* '''Relative Pronouns''' – Connect clauses or phrases
 
* '''Indefinite Pronouns''' – Refer to non-specific things or persons


=== Personal Pronouns ===
=== Personal Pronouns ===


Personal pronouns in Nepali are used to refer to specific people or things. These pronouns change based on the grammatical person, gender, and number. Here are the different forms of personal pronouns in Nepali:
Personal pronouns are used to refer to specific people or things. They can be categorized based on the number (singular/plural) and formality (formal/informal). Here's a table to illustrate personal pronouns in Nepali:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| म (ma) || || I, me
 
| म (ma) || /ma/ || I
 
|-
|-
| तिमी (timī) || timī || you (singular, informal)
 
| तिमी (timī) || /timi/ || You (informal)
 
|-
|-
| तपाईं (tapāīṁ) || tapāīm̐ || you (singular, formal)
 
| तपाईं (tapā'ī) || /tapai/ || You (formal)
 
|-
|-
| (u) || u || he, him
 
| (ū) || /uː/ || He/She/It
 
|-
|-
| उनी (unī) || unī || she, her
 
| हामी (hāmī) || /hami/ || We
 
|-
|-
| हाम्रो (hāmro) || hāmro || we, our, us
 
| उनीहरू (unīharū) || /uniːhəruː/ || They
 
|}
 
Personal pronouns change form based on the case they are in (subject, object, possessive). Let’s take a closer look.
 
==== Subject Pronouns ====
 
Subject pronouns are used when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| तपाईंहरूको (tapāīṁharūko) || tapāīm̐harūko || your (plural, formal)
 
| म पुस्तक पढ्छु। (ma pustak paḍchu) || /ma pustak pədʱtʃu/ || I read a book.
 
|-
|-
| हाम्रो (hāmro) || hāmro || our (plural)
 
| तिमी कस्तो छौ? (timī kasto chhau) || /timi kəstəʊ tʃʌʊ/ || How are you?
 
|-
|-
| उनीहरूको (unīharūko) || unīharūko || their
 
| ऊ यहाँ छ। (ū yahāṃ cha) || /uː jəhɑː̃ tʃʌ/ || He is here.
 
|}
|}


* Personal pronouns are often used to introduce oneself or address others. For example:
==== Object Pronouns ====
** मेरो नाम रिता हो। (Mero nām ritā ho.) - My name is Rita.
 
** तपाईंको नाम के हो? (Tapāīṁko nām ke ho?) - What is your name?
Object pronouns are used when the pronoun is the object of the verb. Here are some usage examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"


* Personal pronouns can also be used as the subject or object of a sentence. For example:
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
** उ पढ्छ। (U paḍhcha.) - He is studying.
** म तिमीलाई देख्छु। (Ma timīlāī dekchhu.) - I see you.


=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===
|-
 
| मलाई यो मन पर्छ। (malā'ī yo mana parda) || /malaːi jo mʌnə pərʧʌ/ || I like this.
 
|-
 
| तिमीलाई म देख्छु। (timīlā'ī ma dekchhu) || /timilaːi maː d̪eɪkʧʌ/ || I see you.
 
|-
 
| उनलाई म चिन्छु। (unlā'ī ma chīnchu) || /unlaːi ma tʃinʧʊ/ || I know him/her.
 
|}
 
==== Possessive Pronouns ====


Demonstrative pronouns in Nepali are used to point out specific people or things. These pronouns indicate the proximity of the object in relation to the speaker. Here are the different forms of demonstrative pronouns in Nepali:
Possessive pronouns indicate ownership. Here’s how they work:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| यो (yo) || yo || this
 
| मेरो (mero) || /meɾo/ || My
 
|-
|-
| त्यो (tyo) || tyo || that
 
| तिम्रो (timro) || /timro/ || Your (informal)
 
|-
|-
| त्यो (tyo) || tyo || it
 
| तपाईंको (tapā'īko) || /tapai̯ko/ || Your (formal)
 
|-
|-
| यी () || || these
 
| उनको (unko) || /unko/ || His/Her
 
|-
 
| हाम्रो (hāmro) || /hamro/ || Our
 
|-
|-
| ती () || || those
 
| उनीहरूको (unīharuko) || /uniharuːko/ || Their
 
|}
|}


* Demonstrative pronouns are useful when we want to draw attention to something specific. For example:
=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===
** यो किताब रामको हो। (Yo kitāb rāmkō ho.) - This book belongs to Ram.
 
** त्यो घर रिताको छ। (Tyo ghar ritākō cha.) - That house is Rita's.
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to specific things. In Nepali, they can indicate proximity (near or far). Here's a quick guide:


* Demonstrative pronouns can also be used to replace a noun in a sentence. For example:
* '''यो (yo)''' – This (near)
** मेरो कम्प्युटर फोहोर छ, त्यो त रामको हो। (Mero kampyūṭar phōhōra cha, tyo ta rāmkō ho.) - My computer is broken, that one is Ram's.
 
* '''त्यो (tyo)''' – That (far)
 
* '''यी (yī)''' – These (near, plural)
 
* '''तिनी (tini)''' – Those (far, plural)
 
Let’s see how they are used in sentences:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| यो पुस्तक मेरो हो। (yo pustak mero ho) || /jo pustak meɾo ho/ || This book is mine.
 
|-
 
| त्यो घर सुन्दर छ। (tyo ghar sundar cha) || /tjo ɡʌɾ sʊndər tʃʌ/ || That house is beautiful.
 
|-
 
| यी फूलहरू रंगीन छन्। (yī phūlaharu raṅgīn chhan) || /jiː pʰuːlʌhuː ɾəŋɡin tʃʌn/ || These flowers are colorful.
 
|}


=== Interrogative Pronouns ===
=== Interrogative Pronouns ===


Interrogative pronouns in Nepali are used to ask questions about people or things. These pronouns help gather information or seek clarification. Here are the different forms of interrogative pronouns in Nepali:
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. The main interrogative pronouns in Nepali are:
 
* '''कसैले (kasailē)''' – Who
 
* '''के (ke)''' – What
 
* '''कसरी (kasarī)''' – How
 
* '''कसको (kaskō)''' – Whose
 
Here are some examples to illustrate their use:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| को (ko) || ko || who, whom
 
| तिमी कसैले आउँछौ? (timī kasailē āuñchau) || /timi kəsailē aʊ̃tʃʌʊ/ || Who are you coming with?
 
|-
|-
| के (ke) || ke || what
 
| के यो तिम्रो हो? (ke yo timro ho) || /ke jo timro ho/ || Is this yours?
 
|-
|-
| कस्तो (kastō) || kastō || which
 
| उनी कसरी आयो? (unī kasarī āyo) || /uniː kəsəri aɪo/ || How did he/she come?
 
|}
|}


* Interrogative pronouns are indispensable when we want to inquire about someone or something. For example:
=== Relative Pronouns ===
** कसको घर हो यो? (Kasakō ghar ho yo?) - Whose house is this?
 
** के तपाईंले खानुभयो? (Ke tapāīnlē khānubhayō?) - What did you eat?
Relative pronouns are used to connect clauses or phrases. The main relative pronouns in Nepali include:


* Interrogative pronouns can also be used as the subject or object of a sentence. For example:
* '''जसले (jaslē)''' – Who/Which
** कसलाई तिमी देखाउँछौ? (Kasalāī timī dēkhāūchhau?) - Whom are you showing?
** कसले यो गिफ्ट दियो? (Kasalē yo gifṭa diyō?) - Who gave this gift?


=== Relative Pronouns ===
* '''जसको (jaskō)''' – Whose


Relative pronouns in Nepali are used to connect a noun clause to the main clause. These pronouns introduce additional information about a person or thing. Here are the different forms of relative pronouns in Nepali:
Let’s look at how they are used:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| जसले (jasalē) || jasalē || who, whom, which, that
 
| जसले यो पुस्तक लेखेको छ। (ū jaslē yo pustak lekhēkō cha) || /uː dʒəsle jo pustak lekeɪkɔː tʃʌ/ || He who wrote this book is here.
 
|-
|-
| जसको (jasakō) || jasakō || whose
 
| तिम्रो जिन्दगी जसको छ। (timro jindagī jaskō cha) || /timro dʒɪndəɡiː jaskɔː tʃʌ/ || Your life is yours (belonging to you).
 
|}
|}


* Relative pronouns are used to provide more details or describe a noun in a sentence. For example:
=== Indefinite Pronouns ===
** मैले त्यो खेल खेलेको लारा देखेँ। (Mailē tyo khēla khēlēkō lārā dēkhē̃.) - I saw the boy who was playing the game.
** मेरो बागमा फुलहरू छन् जसले रंगीन हुन्छन्। (Mērō bāgamā phulaharū chhan jasalē raṅgīna hunchhan.) - There are flowers in my garden that are colorful.


=== Reflexive Pronouns ===
Indefinite pronouns refer to non-specific things or people. Some examples include:


Reflexive pronouns in Nepali are used when the subject and the object of a sentence refer to the same person or thing. These pronouns emphasize the action or state of the subject. Here is the reflexive pronoun in Nepali:
* '''कसै (kasai)''' – Someone
 
* '''केही (kehī)''' – Something
 
* '''कसैलाई (kasailā'ī)''' – Anyone
 
Here’s how they can be used in sentences:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
! Nepali (individual language) !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| कसैले केही भनेको छ। (kasailē kehī bhanēkō cha) || /kəsailē kehi bʌnɛkɔː tʃʌ/ || Someone has said something.
|-
|-
| आफ्नो (āphnō) || āphnō || oneself, self
 
| मैले कसैलाई भेटें। (maile kasailā'ī bhēṭēn) || /maɪlə kəsailai̯ bʰeɪʈɛn/ || I met someone.
 
|}
|}


* Reflexive pronouns are used to highlight that the subject is performing an action on itself. For example:
=== Exercises ===
** म आफ्नो बाल धुन्छु। (Ma āphnō bāla dhunchhu.) - I am combing my hair.
** उनले आफ्नो फोटो खिच्नुभयो। (Unalē āphnō phōṭō khicnubhayō.) - He took a photo of himself.


== Cultural Insights ==
Now that we have covered the various types of pronouns, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some exercises!


In Nepali culture, pronouns play a significant role in maintaining respect and hierarchy. The choice of pronouns depends on the formality of the situation and the relationship between the speaker and the listener. It is common for Nepali people to address others using formal pronouns, especially when meeting someone for the first time or conversing with elders or authority figures.
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====


Nepali society also places great importance on family and community. The use of pronouns reflects this emphasis on relationships. For example, the pronouns "हाम्रो" (hāmro) and "उनीहरूको" (unīharūko) show the collective nature of the Nepali culture, where the sense of "our" and "their" extends beyond immediate family members.
Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronoun.


Historically, the Nepali language has been influenced by Sanskrit, which has shaped its grammar and vocabulary, including pronouns. Understanding the cultural nuances and historical influences on pronouns can enhance your understanding and appreciation of the Nepali language.
1. ___ (I) like to read books.


Now that we have explored the different types of pronouns in Nepali and gained cultural insights, let's move on to some exercises to practice what we have learned.
2. ___ (You - informal) are my friend.


== Practice Exercises ==
3. ___ (He/She) is going to the market.


1. Replace the underlined noun with the appropriate pronoun:
4. ___ (We) are learning Nepali.
* रिता लाई देख्न आयो। (Ritā lāī dēkhna āyō.) - She came to see Rita.
* तिमीले तपाईंको किताब चाहिएको थियो। (Timīlē tapāīṁkō kitāb cāhiēkō thiyō.) - You wanted your book.


2. Complete the sentences with the correct demonstrative pronouns:
5. ___ (They) are coming to the party.
* यो घर रामको हो। (Yo ghar rāmkō ho.) - _______ house belongs to Ram.
* त्यो किताब खोल। (Tyo kitāb khōla.) - Open _______ book.


3. Ask questions using the given interrogative pronouns:
''Answers:''
* _______ तपाईंले आफ्नो नाम बताउनुभयो? (Ke tapāīnlē āphnō nām batāunubhayō?) - Whom did you tell your name to?
* _______ घर हो यो? (Kasakō ghar ho yo?) - Whose house is this?


== Solutions ==
1. म (ma)


1. Replace the underlined noun with the appropriate pronoun:
2. तिमी (timī)
* उनी लाई देख्न आयो। (Unī lāī dēkhna āyō.) - He came to see her.
* तपाईंले तपाईंको किताब चाहिएको थियो। (Tapāīṁlē tapāīṁkō kitāb cāhiēkō thiyō.) - You wanted your book.


2. Complete the sentences with the correct demonstrative pronouns:
3. (ū)
* यो घर रामको हो। (Yo ghar rāmkō ho.) - This house belongs to Ram.
* त्यो किताब खोल। (Tyo kitāb khōla.) - Open that book.


3. Ask questions using the given interrogative pronouns:
4. हामी (hāmī)
* कसलाई तपाईंले आफ्नो नाम बताउनुभयो? (Kasalāī tapāīnlē āphnō nām batāunubhayō?) - Whom did you tell your name to?
* कसको घर हो यो? (Kasakō ghar ho yo?) - Whose house is this?


Congratulations! You have successfully learned about pronouns in Nepali and practiced using them in different contexts. Keep practicing and exploring the Nepali language to enhance your language skills and cultural understanding.
5. उनीहरू (unīharū)
 
==== Exercise 2: Choose the Correct Demonstrative Pronoun ====
 
Choose the correct demonstrative pronoun from the options given.
 
1. ___ पुस्तक मेरो हो। (This/That)
 
2. ___ फूलहरू सुन्दर छन्। (These/Those)
 
3. ___ घर ठूलो छ। (This/That)
 
''Answers:''
 
1. यो (yo)
 
2. यी (yī)
 
3. त्यो (tyo)
 
==== Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Nepali using the correct pronouns.
 
1. Who is your friend?
 
2. What is this?
 
3. How did he come?
 
''Answers:''
 
1. तिम्रो साथी को हो? (timro sāthī ko ho?)
 
2. यो के हो? (yo ke ho?)
 
3. ऊ कसरी आयो? (ū kasarī āyo?)
 
==== Exercise 4: Identify the Pronoun ====
 
Identify the pronoun in the following sentences.
 
1. ऊ यहाँ छ।
 
2. तिमी कस्तो छौ?
 
3. यो मेरो हो।
 
''Answers:''
 
1. ऊ (ū) - He
 
2. तिमी (timī) - You (informal)
 
3. यो (yo) - This
 
==== Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences ====
 
Using the personal pronouns, create your own sentences in Nepali. You can use the following prompts:
 
1. (I) –
 
2. (You - formal) –
 
3. (They) –
 
''Sample Answers:''
 
1. म सोध्न चाहन्छु। (I want to ask.)
 
2. तपाईं पुस्तक पढ्नुहुन्छ। (You are reading a book.)
 
3. उनीहरूले खेल खेलिरहेका छन्। (They are playing a game.)
 
==== Exercise 6: Make a Sentence with Demonstrative Pronouns ====
 
Use the appropriate demonstrative pronouns to complete these sentences.
 
1. ___ (This) घर सुन्दर छ।
 
2. ___ (Those) फूलहरू रंगीन छन्।
 
3. ___ (That) पुस्तक मेरो हो।
 
''Answers:''
 
1. यो (yo)
 
2. ती (tī)
 
3. त्यो (tyo)
 
==== Exercise 7: Form Questions ====
 
Form questions using the interrogative pronouns provided.
 
1. Who – ___
 
2. What – ___
 
3. How – ___
 
''Sample Answers:''
 
1. कसैले आउँछ? (kasailē āuñchha?) – Who is coming?
 
2. के यो तिम्रो हो? (ke yo timro ho?) – Is this yours?
 
3. ऊ कसरी आयो? (ū kasarī āyo?) – How did he come?
 
==== Exercise 8: Fill in the Table ====
 
Fill in the table with the correct forms of the possessive pronouns.
 
* My – ___
 
* Your (informal) – ___
 
* Their – ___
 
''Answers:''
 
* मेरो (mero)
 
* तिम्रो (timro)
 
* उनीहरूको (unīharuko)
 
==== Exercise 9: Match the Pronouns to Their English Translations ====
 
Match the following Nepali pronouns to their English meanings.
 
1. म (ma)
 
2. तिमी (timī)
 
3. ऊ (ū)
 
''Answers:''
 
1. I
 
2. You (informal)
 
3. He
 
==== Exercise 10: Create Questions Using Relative Pronouns ====
 
Create questions using the relative pronouns provided.
 
1. जसले – ___
 
2. जसको – ___
 
''Sample Answers:''
 
1. ऊ जसले यो पुस्तक लेखेको छ, को हो? (ū jaslē yo pustak lekhēkō cha, ko ho?) – Who is he who wrote this book?
 
2. तिम्रो जिन्दगी जसको छ, त्यो राम्रो छ। (timro jindagī jaskō cha, tyō rāmrō cha.) – Your life, which is yours, is beautiful.
 
In this lesson, we have explored the fascinating world of pronouns in Nepali. By mastering these pronouns, you are one step closer to fluently expressing yourself in Nepali. Keep practicing, and soon you will feel more comfortable using them in conversation!


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Latest revision as of 16:56, 1 August 2024

◀️ Noun Cases in Nepali — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Introduction to Nepali Verbs ▶️

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Nepali (individual language) Grammar → Pronouns in Nepali

In the beautiful tapestry of language, pronouns serve as essential threads that connect thoughts and ideas seamlessly. They help reduce redundancy, making communication smoother and more efficient. In Nepali, pronouns play a crucial role in both spoken and written forms, allowing speakers to refer to people, things, and concepts without repeating nouns over and over again.

This lesson is designed to introduce you to the various types of pronouns in Nepali, how they're used in sentences, and the nuances that accompany their usage. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Nepali pronouns, which will empower you to construct meaningful sentences with greater ease.

Overview of Pronouns in Nepali[edit | edit source]

Pronouns in Nepali can be categorized into several types based on their function. Understanding these categories is vital for mastering their usage. Here are the main types of pronouns we will cover:

  • Personal Pronouns – Refer to specific people or things
  • Demonstrative Pronouns – Point to specific things
  • Interrogative Pronouns – Used to ask questions
  • Relative Pronouns – Connect clauses or phrases
  • Indefinite Pronouns – Refer to non-specific things or persons

Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns are used to refer to specific people or things. They can be categorized based on the number (singular/plural) and formality (formal/informal). Here's a table to illustrate personal pronouns in Nepali:

Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
म (ma) /ma/ I
तिमी (timī) /timi/ You (informal)
तपाईं (tapā'ī) /tapai/ You (formal)
ऊ (ū) /uː/ He/She/It
हामी (hāmī) /hami/ We
उनीहरू (unīharū) /uniːhəruː/ They

Personal pronouns change form based on the case they are in (subject, object, possessive). Let’s take a closer look.

Subject Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Subject pronouns are used when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence. Here are some examples:

Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
म पुस्तक पढ्छु। (ma pustak paḍchu) /ma pustak pədʱtʃu/ I read a book.
तिमी कस्तो छौ? (timī kasto chhau) /timi kəstəʊ tʃʌʊ/ How are you?
ऊ यहाँ छ। (ū yahāṃ cha) /uː jəhɑː̃ tʃʌ/ He is here.

Object Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Object pronouns are used when the pronoun is the object of the verb. Here are some usage examples:

Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
मलाई यो मन पर्छ। (malā'ī yo mana parda) /malaːi jo mʌnə pərʧʌ/ I like this.
तिमीलाई म देख्छु। (timīlā'ī ma dekchhu) /timilaːi maː d̪eɪkʧʌ/ I see you.
उनलाई म चिन्छु। (unlā'ī ma chīnchu) /unlaːi ma tʃinʧʊ/ I know him/her.

Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Possessive pronouns indicate ownership. Here’s how they work:

Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
मेरो (mero) /meɾo/ My
तिम्रो (timro) /timro/ Your (informal)
तपाईंको (tapā'īko) /tapai̯ko/ Your (formal)
उनको (unko) /unko/ His/Her
हाम्रो (hāmro) /hamro/ Our
उनीहरूको (unīharuko) /uniharuːko/ Their

Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to specific things. In Nepali, they can indicate proximity (near or far). Here's a quick guide:

  • यो (yo) – This (near)
  • त्यो (tyo) – That (far)
  • यी (yī) – These (near, plural)
  • तिनी (tini) – Those (far, plural)

Let’s see how they are used in sentences:

Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
यो पुस्तक मेरो हो। (yo pustak mero ho) /jo pustak meɾo ho/ This book is mine.
त्यो घर सुन्दर छ। (tyo ghar sundar cha) /tjo ɡʌɾ sʊndər tʃʌ/ That house is beautiful.
यी फूलहरू रंगीन छन्। (yī phūlaharu raṅgīn chhan) /jiː pʰuːlʌhuː ɾəŋɡin tʃʌn/ These flowers are colorful.

Interrogative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. The main interrogative pronouns in Nepali are:

  • कसैले (kasailē) – Who
  • के (ke) – What
  • कसरी (kasarī) – How
  • कसको (kaskō) – Whose

Here are some examples to illustrate their use:

Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
तिमी कसैले आउँछौ? (timī kasailē āuñchau) /timi kəsailē aʊ̃tʃʌʊ/ Who are you coming with?
के यो तिम्रो हो? (ke yo timro ho) /ke jo timro ho/ Is this yours?
उनी कसरी आयो? (unī kasarī āyo) /uniː kəsəri aɪo/ How did he/she come?

Relative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Relative pronouns are used to connect clauses or phrases. The main relative pronouns in Nepali include:

  • जसले (jaslē) – Who/Which
  • जसको (jaskō) – Whose

Let’s look at how they are used:

Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
ऊ जसले यो पुस्तक लेखेको छ। (ū jaslē yo pustak lekhēkō cha) /uː dʒəsle jo pustak lekeɪkɔː tʃʌ/ He who wrote this book is here.
तिम्रो जिन्दगी जसको छ। (timro jindagī jaskō cha) /timro dʒɪndəɡiː jaskɔː tʃʌ/ Your life is yours (belonging to you).

Indefinite Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Indefinite pronouns refer to non-specific things or people. Some examples include:

  • कसै (kasai) – Someone
  • केही (kehī) – Something
  • कसैलाई (kasailā'ī) – Anyone

Here’s how they can be used in sentences:

Nepali (individual language) Pronunciation English
कसैले केही भनेको छ। (kasailē kehī bhanēkō cha) /kəsailē kehi bʌnɛkɔː tʃʌ/ Someone has said something.
मैले कसैलाई भेटें। (maile kasailā'ī bhēṭēn) /maɪlə kəsailai̯ bʰeɪʈɛn/ I met someone.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we have covered the various types of pronouns, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some exercises!

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronoun.

1. ___ (I) like to read books.

2. ___ (You - informal) are my friend.

3. ___ (He/She) is going to the market.

4. ___ (We) are learning Nepali.

5. ___ (They) are coming to the party.

Answers:

1. म (ma)

2. तिमी (timī)

3. ऊ (ū)

4. हामी (hāmī)

5. उनीहरू (unīharū)

Exercise 2: Choose the Correct Demonstrative Pronoun[edit | edit source]

Choose the correct demonstrative pronoun from the options given.

1. ___ पुस्तक मेरो हो। (This/That)

2. ___ फूलहरू सुन्दर छन्। (These/Those)

3. ___ घर ठूलो छ। (This/That)

Answers:

1. यो (yo)

2. यी (yī)

3. त्यो (tyo)

Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Nepali using the correct pronouns.

1. Who is your friend?

2. What is this?

3. How did he come?

Answers:

1. तिम्रो साथी को हो? (timro sāthī ko ho?)

2. यो के हो? (yo ke ho?)

3. ऊ कसरी आयो? (ū kasarī āyo?)

Exercise 4: Identify the Pronoun[edit | edit source]

Identify the pronoun in the following sentences.

1. ऊ यहाँ छ।

2. तिमी कस्तो छौ?

3. यो मेरो हो।

Answers:

1. ऊ (ū) - He

2. तिमी (timī) - You (informal)

3. यो (yo) - This

Exercise 5: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the personal pronouns, create your own sentences in Nepali. You can use the following prompts:

1. (I) –

2. (You - formal) –

3. (They) –

Sample Answers:

1. म सोध्न चाहन्छु। (I want to ask.)

2. तपाईं पुस्तक पढ्नुहुन्छ। (You are reading a book.)

3. उनीहरूले खेल खेलिरहेका छन्। (They are playing a game.)

Exercise 6: Make a Sentence with Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Use the appropriate demonstrative pronouns to complete these sentences.

1. ___ (This) घर सुन्दर छ।

2. ___ (Those) फूलहरू रंगीन छन्।

3. ___ (That) पुस्तक मेरो हो।

Answers:

1. यो (yo)

2. ती (tī)

3. त्यो (tyo)

Exercise 7: Form Questions[edit | edit source]

Form questions using the interrogative pronouns provided.

1. Who – ___

2. What – ___

3. How – ___

Sample Answers:

1. कसैले आउँछ? (kasailē āuñchha?) – Who is coming?

2. के यो तिम्रो हो? (ke yo timro ho?) – Is this yours?

3. ऊ कसरी आयो? (ū kasarī āyo?) – How did he come?

Exercise 8: Fill in the Table[edit | edit source]

Fill in the table with the correct forms of the possessive pronouns.

  • My – ___
  • Your (informal) – ___
  • Their – ___

Answers:

  • मेरो (mero)
  • तिम्रो (timro)
  • उनीहरूको (unīharuko)

Exercise 9: Match the Pronouns to Their English Translations[edit | edit source]

Match the following Nepali pronouns to their English meanings.

1. म (ma)

2. तिमी (timī)

3. ऊ (ū)

Answers:

1. I

2. You (informal)

3. He

Exercise 10: Create Questions Using Relative Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Create questions using the relative pronouns provided.

1. जसले – ___

2. जसको – ___

Sample Answers:

1. ऊ जसले यो पुस्तक लेखेको छ, को हो? (ū jaslē yo pustak lekhēkō cha, ko ho?) – Who is he who wrote this book?

2. तिम्रो जिन्दगी जसको छ, त्यो राम्रो छ। (timro jindagī jaskō cha, tyō rāmrō cha.) – Your life, which is yours, is beautiful.

In this lesson, we have explored the fascinating world of pronouns in Nepali. By mastering these pronouns, you are one step closer to fluently expressing yourself in Nepali. Keep practicing, and soon you will feel more comfortable using them in conversation!


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Noun Cases in Nepali — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Introduction to Nepali Verbs ▶️