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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Kazakh|Kazakh]]  → [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Instrumental Case</div>
Welcome to our lesson on the '''Instrumental Case''' in Kazakh! This is an important grammatical aspect that allows you to express how actions are performed or the means by which something is done. Understanding the instrumental case will enable you to communicate more effectively and add depth to your conversations in Kazakh.
In this lesson, we'll explore the following topics:


<div class="pg_page_title">Kazakh Grammar → Kazakh Cases → Instrumental Case</div>
__TOC__
__TOC__


The Kazakh instrumental case is used to indicate the means, tools, or instruments used to perform an action. It is also used to describe the method of an action or to specify a circumstance under which the action occurs. In this lesson, we will learn how to form and use the Kazakh instrumental case.
=== What is the Instrumental Case? ===
 
The instrumental case is used to indicate the means, methods, or tools by which an action is accomplished. In English, we often use prepositions like "with" or "by" to convey similar meanings. Understanding how to use the instrumental case correctly can help you articulate your thoughts more clearly in Kazakh.
 
=== Structure of the Instrumental Case ===
 
In Kazakh, nouns in the instrumental case usually take on a specific suffix. Here, we will look at the general rules for forming the instrumental case, including examples.
 
==== Singular Nouns ====
 
For masculine nouns, the suffix is '''-мен''' or '''-пен'''. For feminine nouns, it is typically '''-мен''' or '''-пен''' as well.
 
==== Plural Nouns ====
 
For plural nouns, the suffix is '''-лармен''' or '''-дермен'''.
 
=== Examples of the Instrumental Case ===
 
Let's dive into some practical examples. Below are tables that illustrate the use of the instrumental case in various contexts.
 
==== Singular Masculine Nouns ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| кітаппен || kitappen || with the book
 
|-
 
| қаламмен || qalammen || with the pen
 
|-
 
| столмен || stolmen || with the table
 
|-
 
| үймен || uimen || with the house
 
|-
 
| адаммен || adammen || with the person
 
|}
 
==== Singular Feminine Nouns ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| гүлмен || gülmen || with the flower
 
|-
 
| машинамен || mashinamen || with the car
 
|-
 
| аяқпен || ayaqpen || with the foot
 
|-
 
| терімен || terimen || with the skin
 
|-
 
| кітаппен || kitappen || with the book
 
|}
 
==== Plural Nouns ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Kazakh !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| кітаптармен || kitaplar men || with the books
 
|-
 
| балалармен || balalar men || with the children
 
|-
 
| машиналармен || mashinalar men || with the cars
 
|-
 
| адамдармен || adamdar men || with the people
 
|-
 
| гүлдермен || gül der men || with the flowers
 
|}
 
=== Using the Instrumental Case in Sentences ===
 
Now, let's look at how the instrumental case is used within complete sentences to convey meaning.
 
==== Examples in Context ====


== Forming the Instrumental Case ==
1. '''Мен кітаппен оқыдым.''' 
The instrumental case suffix is "-мен/-менің" for the singular and "-бен/-бенің" for the plural. To form the instrumental case, simply add the appropriate suffix to the end of the noun. For example:
* жазба (book) → жазбамен (with a book)
* ой (moon) → ойбенің (with the moon)


Note that there are some irregularities in the formation of the instrumental case, especially for nouns that end in vowels. Please refer to a comprehensive Kazakh grammar book for more details.
''Men kitappen oǵydym.'' 


== Using the Instrumental Case ==
(I read with the book.)
The instrumental case is used to denote means, methods, and tools, as well as to describe circumstances and conditions. Here are some examples:


=== Means/Tools ===
2. '''Ол қаламмен жазады.''' 
* Сіз гашықтық пікірлеріңізді моқ емес, жоқшылдық пікірлерімен айтуыңыз керек. (You need to express yourself not with abstract ideas, but with critical opinions.)
* Ол масаған төсектермен толтырылған. (The table was filled with dishes.)
* Мен білімімді компьютерді қолдана отырып арттырғанмын. (I have expanded my knowledge by using a computer.)


=== Methods/Circumstances ===
''Ol qalammen jazady.'' 
* Оның шынымен айтқанда, маған қарсы тапсырмалары болып табылады. (When she speaks the truth, she gets assignments against me.)
* Бүгін мектепке басқарушымен өтіп, оқушыларға тәрбиелеу жоспарын талқылады. (Today, he met with the school director and discussed the plan for educating students.)
* Машина шәкірттер топтасында өткенде, артқа көрінбеген жүрмеіміз қалды. (When the car passed the protesters, we were left behind.)


== Exceptions and Special Cases ==
(He writes with the pen.)
There are a few exceptional uses of the instrumental case worth noting:


=== Adverbial Function ===
3. '''Біз гүлмен безендірдік.''' 
Sometimes, the instrumental case can be used in an adverbial function when it modifies a verb. For example:
* Осылайша парақшаларды оқиға туралы білімді бөлісуде пайдаланамыз. (We use newspapers like this to share knowledge about events.)
* Оған нақты санақ мәзірін пайдаланады. (He uses an exact date for his argument.)


=== With Postpositions ===
''Biz gülmen bezendirduk.'' 
The instrumental case is also used with some postpositions, which are similar to prepositions in English. The most common postpositions used with the instrumental case are:


* менен (with)
(We decorated with the flower.)
* бірге (together with)
* ғана/қана (only with)


Here are some example sentences:
4. '''Сен машинамен жүресің.''' 
* Студенттер менен дискуссиялар дайындап келу керек. (Students need to be prepared to discuss things with.)
* Сізге бірге келеміз келетін болғандарды таңдаңыз. (Choose the ones you want to come with you.)
* Қанша танылған жарамсыз жұртқа….ол жеке материалдармен ұсынылады. (How much do you know about the unreliable person...he only provides private material.)


== Conclusion ==
''Sen mashinamen juresin.'' 
In conclusion, the instrumental case is a crucial part of Kazakh language and is frequently used in daily conversation. By learning the instrumental case, you will be able to communicate more effectively and express yourself in a more precise and nuanced way.


(You drive with the car.)


<span class='maj'></span>
5. '''Олар адамдармен сөйлеседі.''' 
==Sources==
 
* [https://slaviccenters.duke.edu/sites/slaviccenters.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/kazakh-grammar.pdf A Grammar of Kazakh Zura Dotton, Ph.D John Doyle Wagner]
''Olar adamdar men soilesedi.'' 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language Kazakh language - Wikipedia]
 
* [https://www.languagecanvas.com/languages/kazakh/intermediate-kazakh/ Intermediate Kazakh - Language Canvas]
(They talk with people.)
 
6. '''Мен үймен келдім.''' 
 
''Men uimen keldim.'' 
 
(I came with the house.)
 
7. '''Сіз терімен жұмыс істейсіз.''' 
 
''Siz terimen jumys isteysiz.'' 
 
(You work with the skin.)
 
8. '''Ол аяқпен секіреді.''' 
 
''Ol ayaqpen sekiredi.'' 
 
(He jumps with his foot.)
 
9. '''Біз балалармен ойнаймыз.''' 
 
''Biz balalar men oynaymyz.'' 
 
(We play with the children.)
 
10. '''Мен гүлдермен сурет саламын.''' 
 
''Men gül der men suret salamin.''
 
(I draw with flowers.)
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now it’s time for you to practice! Below are ten exercises designed to help reinforce your understanding of the instrumental case.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences using the correct form of the noun in the instrumental case.
 
1. Мен __________ (книга) __________ (оқыдым).
 
2. Ол __________ (қалам) __________ (жазады).
 
3. Біз __________ (гүл) __________ (безендірдік).
 
4. Сіз __________ (машина) __________ (жүресіз).
 
5. Олар __________ (адам) __________ (сөйлеседі).
 
==== Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Kazakh using the instrumental case.
 
1. I write with a pencil.
 
2. She plays with the children.
 
3. We travel with a bus.
 
4. He reads with a magazine.
 
5. They study with books.
 
==== Exercise 3: Match the Nouns ====
 
Match the English words with their Kazakh counterparts in the instrumental case.
 
| English      | Kazakh          |
 
|--------------|----------------|
 
| with the book | _____________  |
 
| with the flower | _____________ |
 
| with the car | _____________  |
 
| with the table | _____________ |
 
| with the pen | _____________  |
 
==== Exercise 4: Sentence Creation ====
 
Create sentences using the instrumental case for the following nouns:
 
1. ауа (air)
 
2. су (water)
 
3. аспан (sky)
 
4. дос (friend)
 
5. музыка (music)
 
==== Exercise 5: Correct the Mistakes ====
 
Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
 
1. Мен кітаптармен оқыдым.
 
2. Ол қаламмен жазады.
 
3. Біз машинамен келдім.
 
4. Сіз гүлдермен сөйлесесіз.
 
5. Олар адамдармен ойнайды.
 
=== Solutions to Exercises ====
 
Here are the solutions to the exercises, so you can check your understanding!
 
==== Solutions to Exercise 1 ====
 
1. кітаппен
 
2. қаламмен
 
3. гүлмен
 
4. машинамен
 
5. адамдармен
 
==== Solutions to Exercise 2 ====
 
1. Мен қарындашпен жазамын.
 
2. Ол балалармен ойнайды.
 
3. Біз автобуспен саяхаттаймыз.
 
4. Ол журналмен оқиды.
 
5. Олар кітаптармен оқиды.
 
==== Solutions to Exercise 3 ====
 
| English      | Kazakh         |
 
|--------------|----------------|
 
| with the book | кітаппен      |
 
| with the flower | гүлмен      |
 
| with the car | машинамен      |
 
| with the table | столмен      |
 
| with the pen | қаламмен      |
 
==== Solutions to Exercise 4 ====
 
1. Мен ауа мен тыныс аламын. (I breathe with air.)
 
2. Мен су мен ішемін. (I drink with water.)
 
3. Мен аспанмен қараймын. (I look at the sky.)
 
4. Мен досыммен сөйлесемін. (I talk with my friend.)
 
5. Мен музыкамен тыныстаймын. (I relax with music.)
 
==== Solutions to Exercise 5 ====
 
1. Мен кітаппен оқыдым. (Correct)
 
2. Ол қаламмен жазады. (Correct)
 
3. Біз машинамен келдік. (Correct)
 
4. Сіз гүлдермен сөйлесесіз. (Correct)
 
5. Олар адамдармен ойнайды. (Correct)
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
Congratulations! You've taken a significant step in learning the Kazakh language by mastering the instrumental case. This grammatical structure is crucial for expressing means and methods, enhancing your ability to communicate effectively. Continue practicing, and don't hesitate to use these structures in your conversations. Remember, language learning is a journey, and every small step counts!


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==Sources==
* [https://slaviccenters.duke.edu/sites/slaviccenters.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/kazakh-grammar.pdf A Grammar of Kazakh Zura Dotton, Ph.D John Doyle Wagner]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language Kazakh language - Wikipedia]
* [https://www.languagecanvas.com/languages/kazakh/intermediate-kazakh/ Intermediate Kazakh - Language Canvas]
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Temporal-Adverbs|Temporal Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Comparative-and-Superlative-Degrees|Comparative and Superlative Degrees]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Attributive-and-Predicative-Adjectives|Attributive and Predicative Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Demonstrative-Pronouns|Demonstrative Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/General-Adverbs|General Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Consonants|Consonants]]
* [[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]


{{Kazakh-Page-Bottom}}
{{Kazakh-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Locative-Case|◀️ Locative Case — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Kazakh/Vocabulary/Basic-Food-Vocabulary|Next Lesson — Basic Food Vocabulary ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 06:01, 1 August 2024

◀️ Locative Case — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Basic Food Vocabulary ▶️

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Kazakh → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Instrumental Case

Welcome to our lesson on the Instrumental Case in Kazakh! This is an important grammatical aspect that allows you to express how actions are performed or the means by which something is done. Understanding the instrumental case will enable you to communicate more effectively and add depth to your conversations in Kazakh.

In this lesson, we'll explore the following topics:

What is the Instrumental Case?[edit | edit source]

The instrumental case is used to indicate the means, methods, or tools by which an action is accomplished. In English, we often use prepositions like "with" or "by" to convey similar meanings. Understanding how to use the instrumental case correctly can help you articulate your thoughts more clearly in Kazakh.

Structure of the Instrumental Case[edit | edit source]

In Kazakh, nouns in the instrumental case usually take on a specific suffix. Here, we will look at the general rules for forming the instrumental case, including examples.

Singular Nouns[edit | edit source]

For masculine nouns, the suffix is -мен or -пен. For feminine nouns, it is typically -мен or -пен as well.

Plural Nouns[edit | edit source]

For plural nouns, the suffix is -лармен or -дермен.

Examples of the Instrumental Case[edit | edit source]

Let's dive into some practical examples. Below are tables that illustrate the use of the instrumental case in various contexts.

Singular Masculine Nouns[edit | edit source]

Kazakh Pronunciation English
кітаппен kitappen with the book
қаламмен qalammen with the pen
столмен stolmen with the table
үймен uimen with the house
адаммен adammen with the person

Singular Feminine Nouns[edit | edit source]

Kazakh Pronunciation English
гүлмен gülmen with the flower
машинамен mashinamen with the car
аяқпен ayaqpen with the foot
терімен terimen with the skin
кітаппен kitappen with the book

Plural Nouns[edit | edit source]

Kazakh Pronunciation English
кітаптармен kitaplar men with the books
балалармен balalar men with the children
машиналармен mashinalar men with the cars
адамдармен adamdar men with the people
гүлдермен gül der men with the flowers

Using the Instrumental Case in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Now, let's look at how the instrumental case is used within complete sentences to convey meaning.

Examples in Context[edit | edit source]

1. Мен кітаппен оқыдым.

Men kitappen oǵydym.

(I read with the book.)

2. Ол қаламмен жазады.

Ol qalammen jazady.

(He writes with the pen.)

3. Біз гүлмен безендірдік.

Biz gülmen bezendirduk.

(We decorated with the flower.)

4. Сен машинамен жүресің.

Sen mashinamen juresin.

(You drive with the car.)

5. Олар адамдармен сөйлеседі.

Olar adamdar men soilesedi.

(They talk with people.)

6. Мен үймен келдім.

Men uimen keldim.

(I came with the house.)

7. Сіз терімен жұмыс істейсіз.

Siz terimen jumys isteysiz.

(You work with the skin.)

8. Ол аяқпен секіреді.

Ol ayaqpen sekiredi.

(He jumps with his foot.)

9. Біз балалармен ойнаймыз.

Biz balalar men oynaymyz.

(We play with the children.)

10. Мен гүлдермен сурет саламын.

Men gül der men suret salamin.

(I draw with flowers.)

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it’s time for you to practice! Below are ten exercises designed to help reinforce your understanding of the instrumental case.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the noun in the instrumental case.

1. Мен __________ (книга) __________ (оқыдым).

2. Ол __________ (қалам) __________ (жазады).

3. Біз __________ (гүл) __________ (безендірдік).

4. Сіз __________ (машина) __________ (жүресіз).

5. Олар __________ (адам) __________ (сөйлеседі).

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Kazakh using the instrumental case.

1. I write with a pencil.

2. She plays with the children.

3. We travel with a bus.

4. He reads with a magazine.

5. They study with books.

Exercise 3: Match the Nouns[edit | edit source]

Match the English words with their Kazakh counterparts in the instrumental case.

| English | Kazakh |

|--------------|----------------|

| with the book | _____________ |

| with the flower | _____________ |

| with the car | _____________ |

| with the table | _____________ |

| with the pen | _____________ |

Exercise 4: Sentence Creation[edit | edit source]

Create sentences using the instrumental case for the following nouns:

1. ауа (air)

2. су (water)

3. аспан (sky)

4. дос (friend)

5. музыка (music)

Exercise 5: Correct the Mistakes[edit | edit source]

Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. Мен кітаптармен оқыдым.

2. Ол қаламмен жазады.

3. Біз машинамен келдім.

4. Сіз гүлдермен сөйлесесіз.

5. Олар адамдармен ойнайды.

Solutions to Exercises =[edit | edit source]

Here are the solutions to the exercises, so you can check your understanding!

Solutions to Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. кітаппен

2. қаламмен

3. гүлмен

4. машинамен

5. адамдармен

Solutions to Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. Мен қарындашпен жазамын.

2. Ол балалармен ойнайды.

3. Біз автобуспен саяхаттаймыз.

4. Ол журналмен оқиды.

5. Олар кітаптармен оқиды.

Solutions to Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

| English | Kazakh |

|--------------|----------------|

| with the book | кітаппен |

| with the flower | гүлмен |

| with the car | машинамен |

| with the table | столмен |

| with the pen | қаламмен |

Solutions to Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

1. Мен ауа мен тыныс аламын. (I breathe with air.)

2. Мен су мен ішемін. (I drink with water.)

3. Мен аспанмен қараймын. (I look at the sky.)

4. Мен досыммен сөйлесемін. (I talk with my friend.)

5. Мен музыкамен тыныстаймын. (I relax with music.)

Solutions to Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

1. Мен кітаппен оқыдым. (Correct)

2. Ол қаламмен жазады. (Correct)

3. Біз машинамен келдік. (Correct)

4. Сіз гүлдермен сөйлесесіз. (Correct)

5. Олар адамдармен ойнайды. (Correct)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You've taken a significant step in learning the Kazakh language by mastering the instrumental case. This grammatical structure is crucial for expressing means and methods, enhancing your ability to communicate effectively. Continue practicing, and don't hesitate to use these structures in your conversations. Remember, language learning is a journey, and every small step counts!

Table of Contents - Kazakh Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Kazakh Pronunciation


Greetings and Basic Expressions


Kazakh Cases


Food and Drink


Verbs


Traditions and Customs


Family and Relationships


Adjectives


Traveling and Directions


Pronouns


Shopping and Consumerism


Art and Literature


Adverbs


Health and Medical Emergencies


Sports and Recreation


Prepositions and Postpositions


Nature and Environment

Sources[edit | edit source]



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Locative Case — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Basic Food Vocabulary ▶️

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