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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Serbian|Serbian]]  → [[Language/Serbian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs: Infinitives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Serbian|Serbian]]  → [[Language/Serbian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs: Infinitives</div>
Welcome to our lesson on '''infinitives''' in Serbian! Infinitives are an essential part of the language, acting as the base form of verbs. Understanding infinitives will not only help you form sentences more effectively but will also open up a whole new world of expression in Serbian. Whether you're dreaming of traveling to Serbia or simply want to connect with Serbian speakers, mastering infinitives is a crucial step on your journey.
In this lesson, we'll explore:
* The definition and importance of infinitives in Serbian.
* How infinitives are formed and used in sentences.
* Examples that illustrate various infinitive forms.
* Practical exercises to reinforce your understanding.
With this foundation, you'll be well-equipped to navigate the world of Serbian verbs. So, let's dive in!


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== What is an Infinitive? ===
 
An '''infinitive''' is the base form of a verb that is not conjugated. In Serbian, infinitives typically end in '''-ti'''. They are useful because they can function in various ways within a sentence, such as the subject or object. For instance, the infinitive "čitati" (to read) can be used in different contexts that we'll explore.
 
=== Importance of Infinitives in Serbian ===
 
Infinitives are fundamental for several reasons:
 
* '''Versatility''': Infinitives can be used in various grammatical constructions.
 
* '''Foundation for Conjugation''': They serve as the basis for all verb forms you will learn later.
 
* '''Communication''': Knowing infinitives allows you to express intentions, desires, and actions clearly.
 
=== Forming Infinitives in Serbian ===
 
In Serbian, most infinitives are formed by adding the suffix '''-ti''' to the verb stem. However, there are some irregular verbs, which we will highlight.
 
==== Regular Infinitives ====
 
Most verbs in Serbian follow a regular pattern. Here are some common examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Serbian !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| читати  || čitati || to read
 
|-


In this lesson, we will explore the concept of infinitives in Serbian. Infinitives are the base form of verbs, often referred to as the "to" form in English. Understanding infinitives is crucial for building sentences and expressing various actions in Serbian.
| писати  || pisati || to write


We will begin by discussing the importance of infinitives in the context of the Serbian language and outline the structure of this lesson. Then, we will delve into the details of infinitives, providing numerous examples to illustrate each point. Additionally, we will include a cultural section to explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of infinitives and share interesting cultural facts related to the topic. Finally, we will provide exercises and practice scenarios for you to apply what you have learned.
|-


Let's dive into the world of Serbian infinitives!
| говорити  || govoriti || to speak


== The Concept of Infinitives ==
|-


Infinitives are the unconjugated form of verbs in Serbian. They express the action or state in its most basic form, without indicating the subject or tense of the verb. In English, infinitives are typically preceded by the word "to," such as "to eat," "to sleep," or "to study."
| играти  || igrati || to play


In Serbian, infinitives are formed by removing the infinitive suffix -ti from the verb stem. For example, the infinitive form of the verb "jesti" (to eat) is "jesti," and the infinitive form of the verb "spavati" (to sleep) is "spavati."
|-


Let's take a look at some examples of Serbian infinitives:
| радити  || raditi || to work
 
|-
 
| слушати  || slušati || to listen
 
|-
 
| путовати  || putovati || to travel
 
|-
 
| учити  || učiti || to learn
 
|-
 
| купити  || kupiti || to buy
 
|-
 
| продавати  || prodavati || to sell
 
|}
 
==== Irregular Infinitives ====
 
Some verbs do not follow the regular pattern. Here are a few examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Serbian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Serbian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| jesti || /jɛsti/ || to eat
 
| бити  || biti || to be
 
|-
|-
| spavati || /spavati/ || to sleep
 
| имати  || imati || to have
 
|-
|-
| učiti || /uːtʃiti/ || to study
 
| видети  || videti || to see
 
|-
|-
| pisati || /pisati/ || to write
 
| ићи  || ići || to go
 
|-
 
| хтети  || hteti || to want
 
|}
|}


As you can see, the infinitive form of each verb remains unchanged regardless of the subject or tense of the sentence. This allows us to focus on the action or state itself.
=== Using Infinitives in Sentences ===
 
Infinitives can be used in various ways within sentences. Below are some examples illustrating different contexts:
 
1. '''As the Subject''':
 
* Читати је важно. (Čitati je važno.) - Reading is important.
 
2. '''As the Object''':
 
* Желим да читам. (Želim da čitam.) - I want to read.
 
3. '''After Certain Verbs''':
 
* Он воли да игра. (On voli da igra.) - He loves to play.
 
4. '''With Modal Verbs''':
 
* Могу да идем. (Mogu da idem.) - I can go.
 
5. '''In Commands or Requests''':
 
* Побијте! (Pobijte!) - To win!
 
6. '''Expressing Purpose''':
 
* Идем у школу да учим. (Idem u školu da učim.) - I go to school to learn.
 
7. '''With Negation''':
 
* Не знам да пливам. (Ne znam da plivam.) - I don’t know how to swim.
 
8. '''To Express Future Intentions''':
 
* Планирам да путујем. (Planiram da putujem.) - I plan to travel.


== Usage of Infinitives ==
9. '''After Adjectives''':


Infinitives in Serbian can be used in various ways, including as the main verb in a sentence, as a complement to another verb, or as a noun.
* Спреман сам да покушам. (Spreman sam da pokušam.) - I am ready to try.


When used as the main verb, infinitives can express actions or states. Here are some examples:
10. '''In Conditional Sentences''':


* Želim jesti. (I want to eat.)
* Ако будем имао време, прочитаћу. (Ako budem imao vreme, pročitacu.) - If I have time, I will read.
* Volim spavati. (I love to sleep.)
* Moram učiti. (I have to study.)
* Želiš pisati? (Do you want to write?)


In these sentences, the infinitives "jesti," "spavati," "učiti," and "pisati" serve as the main verbs, indicating the action or state being expressed.
=== Practice Scenarios ===


Infinitives can also function as complements to other verbs, providing additional information about the action. Here are some examples:
Now that you've learned about infinitives, it's time to practice! Here are some exercises to help you reinforce your understanding.


* Mogu plivati. (I can swim.)
==== Exercise 1: Identify the Infinitive ====
* Želim plesati. (I want to dance.)
* Naučio sam voziti. (I learned how to drive.)
* Pomaže mi kuhati. (He/she helps me cook.)


In these sentences, the infinitives "plivati," "plesati," "voziti," and "kuhati" complement the main verbs "mogu," "želim," "naučio sam," and "pomaže," respectively.
Read the sentences below and underline the infinitives.


Furthermore, infinitives can act as nouns in a sentence, occupying the position of a subject, object, or complement. Here are some examples:
1. Она жели да пије воду. 


* Pisanje je moj hobi. (Writing is my hobby.)
2. Ми волимо да играмо фудбал.
* Volim čitati knjige. (I love reading books.)
* Uživam u putovanjima. (I enjoy traveling.)
* Naučiti jezik je izazov. (Learning a language is a challenge.)


In these sentences, the infinitives "pisanje," "čitati," "putovanjima," and "naučiti jezik" function as nouns, representing the subject, object, or complement of the sentence.
3. Он не може да дође. 


== Cultural Insights ==
4. Хоћу да учим српски. 


The usage of infinitives in Serbian is generally consistent across regions. However, there are certain cultural nuances that can be observed in the choice of verbs and the contexts in which infinitives are used.
5. Они планирају да путују.


For example, Serbian cuisine places great importance on food and dining. Therefore, you may often encounter infinitives related to cooking, eating, and enjoying meals in everyday conversations. It is not uncommon for Serbians to express their love for food and the joy of sharing meals together.
'''Solution''':


Additionally, Serbia has a rich tradition of storytelling and literature. Infinitives are commonly used in Serbian literature to convey emotions, actions, and thoughts. Serbian authors often employ vivid and descriptive infinitives to create a strong visual or emotional impact on the readers.
1. пије


== Practice Exercises ==
2. играмо


Now, let's practice using infinitives in different contexts. Choose the appropriate form of the verb to complete each sentence:
3. дође


1. Želim _______ (pevati/pesmu) na koncertu.
4. учим
2. Moramo _______ (učiti/učenje) svaki dan da bismo postigli uspeh.
3. Volim _______ (čitati/knjiga) pre spavanja.
4. Da li želiš _______ (kupovati/knjigu) za mene?
5. _______ (Gledati/Gledanje) film je moj omiljeni način opuštanja.


Solutions:
5. путују
1. pevati
2. učiti
3. čitati
4. kupovati
5. Gledanje


Explanation:
==== Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks ====
1. The sentence expresses a desire to sing (pevati) a song (pesmu) at the concert.
2. The sentence states that we need to study (učiti) every day to achieve success.
3. The sentence indicates a love for reading (čitati) before bedtime.
4. The question asks if you want to buy (kupovati) a book (knjigu) for me.
5. The sentence states that watching (Gledanje) a movie is my favorite way to relax.


== Conclusion ==
Complete the sentences with the correct infinitive form of the verb in parentheses.


Congratulations! You have learned about the concept of infinitives in Serbian. Infinitives are essential for understanding and constructing sentences in Serbian. They can be used as the main verb, as a complement to another verb, or as a noun. Through the practice exercises, you have had the opportunity to apply your knowledge and deepen your understanding.
1. Он __________ (читати) књигу.


In the next lesson, we will explore another important aspect of Serbian grammar. Stay tuned and keep up the great work!
2. Она __________ (играти) тенис сваког дана. 
 
3. Ми __________ (путовати) у Србију. 
 
4. Они __________ (радити) заједно. 
 
5. Я __________ (хтети) да идем кући.
 
'''Solution''':
 
1. чита
 
2. игра
 
3. путујемо
 
4. раде
 
5. хтела
 
==== Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Serbian.
 
1. I want to learn Serbian. 
 
2. Reading is my favorite hobby. 
 
3. They can play football. 
 
4. She plans to travel next year. 
 
5. He loves to listen to music.
 
'''Solution''':
 
1. Желим да учим српски.
 
2. Читање је мој омиљени хоби.
 
3. Они могу да играју фудбал.
 
4. Она планира да путује следеће године.
 
5. Он воли да слуша музику.
 
==== Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences ====
 
Write five sentences using infinitives in different contexts.
 
'''Example Answers''':
 
1. Читати књиге је забавно. 
 
2. Желим да пишем песме. 
 
3. Они ће ићи у биоскоп. 
 
4. Она не зна да пева. 
 
5. Могу да трчим у парку.
 
==== Exercise 5: Choose the Correct Infinitive ====
 
Choose the correct infinitive to complete the sentences.
 
1. Он __________ (вести/вести) децу у школу. 
 
2. Ми __________ (радити/радити) на пројекту. 
 
3. Она __________ (желети/желети) да купи нову хаљину. 
 
4. Они __________ (путовати/путовати) у Европу. 
 
5. Она __________ (играти/играти) клавир.
 
'''Solution''':
 
1. води
 
2. радимо
 
3. жели
 
4. путују
 
5. свира
 
==== Exercise 6: Match the Infinitives ====
 
Match the infinitives to their meanings.
 
| Serbian Infinitive | English Meaning |
 
|-------------------|----------------|
 
| читати            | to read        |
 
| писати            | to write      |
 
| говорити          | to speak      |
 
| играти            | to play        |
 
| радити            | to work        |
 
'''Solution''':
 
1. читати - to read
 
2. писати - to write
 
3. говорити - to speak
 
4. играти - to play
 
5. радити - to work
 
==== Exercise 7: Transform the Sentences ====
 
Transform the following sentences by replacing the verb with its infinitive form.
 
1. Она чита књигу. 
 
2. Они играју фудбал. 
 
3. Ми слушамо музику. 
 
4. Он пише писмо. 
 
5. Она планира путовање.
 
'''Solution''':
 
1. Она жели да чита књигу.
 
2. Они воле да играју фудбал.
 
3. Ми желимо да слушамо музику.
 
4. Он жели да пише писмо.
 
5. Она жели да планира путовање.
 
==== Exercise 8: Negative Infinitives ====
 
Convert the following sentences to use negative infinitives.
 
1. Он зна да плива. 
 
2. Она може да дође. 
 
3. Ми желимо да играмо. 
 
4. Они планирају да путују. 
 
5. Он жели да види.
 
'''Solution''':
 
1. Он не зна да плива.
 
2. Она не може да дође.
 
3. Ми не желимо да играмо.
 
4. Они не планирају да путују.
 
5. Он не жели да види.
 
==== Exercise 9: Verb Matching ====
 
Match the verb with the corresponding infinitive.
 
| Verb        | Infinitive    |
 
|--------------|----------------|
 
| идем        | __________    |
 
| желим        | __________    |
 
| могу        | __________    |
 
| знам        | __________    |
 
| хтела        | __________    |
 
'''Solution''':
 
1. идем - ићи
 
2. желим - хтети
 
3. могу - моћи
 
4. знам - знати
 
5. хтела - хтети
 
==== Exercise 10: Verb Conjugation ====
 
Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense using the infinitive.
 
1. читати 
 
2. писати 
 
3. говорити 
 
4. играти 
 
5. радити 
 
'''Solution''':
 
1. читам, читаš, чита, читамо, читате, читају
 
2. пишем, пишеш, пише, пишемо, пишете, пишу
 
3. говорим, говориш, говори, говоримо, говорите, говоре
 
4. играм, играš, игра, играмо, играте, играју
 
5. радим, радиš, ради, радимо, радите, раде
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
Congratulations on completing this lesson on '''Serbian infinitives'''! You've gained a foundational understanding of how infinitives function in the Serbian language. Remember, practice makes perfect! Use the exercises above to solidify your knowledge, and soon you’ll be using infinitives with confidence.
 
In our next lesson, we'll explore the '''future tense''' and how to express upcoming actions. Keep up the great work, and happy learning!


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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 02:03, 1 August 2024

◀️ Verbs: Participles — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Movies and Theater ▶️

Serbian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Serbian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs: Infinitives

Welcome to our lesson on infinitives in Serbian! Infinitives are an essential part of the language, acting as the base form of verbs. Understanding infinitives will not only help you form sentences more effectively but will also open up a whole new world of expression in Serbian. Whether you're dreaming of traveling to Serbia or simply want to connect with Serbian speakers, mastering infinitives is a crucial step on your journey.

In this lesson, we'll explore:

  • The definition and importance of infinitives in Serbian.
  • How infinitives are formed and used in sentences.
  • Examples that illustrate various infinitive forms.
  • Practical exercises to reinforce your understanding.

With this foundation, you'll be well-equipped to navigate the world of Serbian verbs. So, let's dive in!

What is an Infinitive?[edit | edit source]

An infinitive is the base form of a verb that is not conjugated. In Serbian, infinitives typically end in -ti. They are useful because they can function in various ways within a sentence, such as the subject or object. For instance, the infinitive "čitati" (to read) can be used in different contexts that we'll explore.

Importance of Infinitives in Serbian[edit | edit source]

Infinitives are fundamental for several reasons:

  • Versatility: Infinitives can be used in various grammatical constructions.
  • Foundation for Conjugation: They serve as the basis for all verb forms you will learn later.
  • Communication: Knowing infinitives allows you to express intentions, desires, and actions clearly.

Forming Infinitives in Serbian[edit | edit source]

In Serbian, most infinitives are formed by adding the suffix -ti to the verb stem. However, there are some irregular verbs, which we will highlight.

Regular Infinitives[edit | edit source]

Most verbs in Serbian follow a regular pattern. Here are some common examples:

Serbian Pronunciation English
читати čitati to read
писати pisati to write
говорити govoriti to speak
играти igrati to play
радити raditi to work
слушати slušati to listen
путовати putovati to travel
учити učiti to learn
купити kupiti to buy
продавати prodavati to sell

Irregular Infinitives[edit | edit source]

Some verbs do not follow the regular pattern. Here are a few examples:

Serbian Pronunciation English
бити biti to be
имати imati to have
видети videti to see
ићи ići to go
хтети hteti to want

Using Infinitives in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Infinitives can be used in various ways within sentences. Below are some examples illustrating different contexts:

1. As the Subject:

  • Читати је важно. (Čitati je važno.) - Reading is important.

2. As the Object:

  • Желим да читам. (Želim da čitam.) - I want to read.

3. After Certain Verbs:

  • Он воли да игра. (On voli da igra.) - He loves to play.

4. With Modal Verbs:

  • Могу да идем. (Mogu da idem.) - I can go.

5. In Commands or Requests:

  • Побијте! (Pobijte!) - To win!

6. Expressing Purpose:

  • Идем у школу да учим. (Idem u školu da učim.) - I go to school to learn.

7. With Negation:

  • Не знам да пливам. (Ne znam da plivam.) - I don’t know how to swim.

8. To Express Future Intentions:

  • Планирам да путујем. (Planiram da putujem.) - I plan to travel.

9. After Adjectives:

  • Спреман сам да покушам. (Spreman sam da pokušam.) - I am ready to try.

10. In Conditional Sentences:

  • Ако будем имао време, прочитаћу. (Ako budem imao vreme, pročitacu.) - If I have time, I will read.

Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now that you've learned about infinitives, it's time to practice! Here are some exercises to help you reinforce your understanding.

Exercise 1: Identify the Infinitive[edit | edit source]

Read the sentences below and underline the infinitives.

1. Она жели да пије воду.

2. Ми волимо да играмо фудбал.

3. Он не може да дође.

4. Хоћу да учим српски.

5. Они планирају да путују.

Solution:

1. пије

2. играмо

3. дође

4. учим

5. путују

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct infinitive form of the verb in parentheses.

1. Он __________ (читати) књигу.

2. Она __________ (играти) тенис сваког дана.

3. Ми __________ (путовати) у Србију.

4. Они __________ (радити) заједно.

5. Я __________ (хтети) да идем кући.

Solution:

1. чита

2. игра

3. путујемо

4. раде

5. хтела

Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Serbian.

1. I want to learn Serbian.

2. Reading is my favorite hobby.

3. They can play football.

4. She plans to travel next year.

5. He loves to listen to music.

Solution:

1. Желим да учим српски.

2. Читање је мој омиљени хоби.

3. Они могу да играју фудбал.

4. Она планира да путује следеће године.

5. Он воли да слуша музику.

Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Write five sentences using infinitives in different contexts.

Example Answers:

1. Читати књиге је забавно.

2. Желим да пишем песме.

3. Они ће ићи у биоскоп.

4. Она не зна да пева.

5. Могу да трчим у парку.

Exercise 5: Choose the Correct Infinitive[edit | edit source]

Choose the correct infinitive to complete the sentences.

1. Он __________ (вести/вести) децу у школу.

2. Ми __________ (радити/радити) на пројекту.

3. Она __________ (желети/желети) да купи нову хаљину.

4. Они __________ (путовати/путовати) у Европу.

5. Она __________ (играти/играти) клавир.

Solution:

1. води

2. радимо

3. жели

4. путују

5. свира

Exercise 6: Match the Infinitives[edit | edit source]

Match the infinitives to their meanings.

| Serbian Infinitive | English Meaning |

|-------------------|----------------|

| читати | to read |

| писати | to write |

| говорити | to speak |

| играти | to play |

| радити | to work |

Solution:

1. читати - to read

2. писати - to write

3. говорити - to speak

4. играти - to play

5. радити - to work

Exercise 7: Transform the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Transform the following sentences by replacing the verb with its infinitive form.

1. Она чита књигу.

2. Они играју фудбал.

3. Ми слушамо музику.

4. Он пише писмо.

5. Она планира путовање.

Solution:

1. Она жели да чита књигу.

2. Они воле да играју фудбал.

3. Ми желимо да слушамо музику.

4. Он жели да пише писмо.

5. Она жели да планира путовање.

Exercise 8: Negative Infinitives[edit | edit source]

Convert the following sentences to use negative infinitives.

1. Он зна да плива.

2. Она може да дође.

3. Ми желимо да играмо.

4. Они планирају да путују.

5. Он жели да види.

Solution:

1. Он не зна да плива.

2. Она не може да дође.

3. Ми не желимо да играмо.

4. Они не планирају да путују.

5. Он не жели да види.

Exercise 9: Verb Matching[edit | edit source]

Match the verb with the corresponding infinitive.

| Verb | Infinitive |

|--------------|----------------|

| идем | __________ |

| желим | __________ |

| могу | __________ |

| знам | __________ |

| хтела | __________ |

Solution:

1. идем - ићи

2. желим - хтети

3. могу - моћи

4. знам - знати

5. хтела - хтети

Exercise 10: Verb Conjugation[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense using the infinitive.

1. читати

2. писати

3. говорити

4. играти

5. радити

Solution:

1. читам, читаš, чита, читамо, читате, читају

2. пишем, пишеш, пише, пишемо, пишете, пишу

3. говорим, говориш, говори, говоримо, говорите, говоре

4. играм, играš, игра, играмо, играте, играју

5. радим, радиš, ради, радимо, радите, раде

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing this lesson on Serbian infinitives! You've gained a foundational understanding of how infinitives function in the Serbian language. Remember, practice makes perfect! Use the exercises above to solidify your knowledge, and soon you’ll be using infinitives with confidence.

In our next lesson, we'll explore the future tense and how to express upcoming actions. Keep up the great work, and happy learning!

Table of Contents - Serbian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Serbian Grammar


Introduction to Serbian Vocabulary


Introduction to Serbian Culture


Pronouns: Possessive Pronouns


Shopping


Sports and Recreation


Adjectives: Declension


Jobs and Professions


Literature and Poetry


Verbs: Conditional


Entertainment and Media


Art and Artists

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Verbs: Participles — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Movies and Theater ▶️

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