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{{French-Page-Top}}
{{French-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/French|French]]  → [[Language/French/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/French/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → French Vowels and Consonants</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/French|French]]  → [[Language/French/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/French/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → French Vowels and Consonants</div>
== Introduction ==
As you embark on your journey to learn French, one of the most essential building blocks is mastering the pronunciation of French vowels and consonants. Understanding how to articulate these sounds not only enhances your speaking and listening skills but also allows you to appreciate the beauty of the French language.  
Welcome to your next step in mastering the French language! In this lesson, we will delve into the world of French vowels and consonants. Understanding how to pronounce these sounds is crucial for your journey towards fluency. A strong grasp of pronunciation lays the foundation for effective communication, enabling you to express yourself clearly and confidently in French.
In this lesson, we will explore the following aspects:
French sounds can be a delightful challenge, with their unique qualities and nuances. The melody of the language is often attributed to its distinct vowel sounds, while consonants add structure and clarity. Whether you’re ordering a croissant in a quaint Parisian café or chatting with friends, the way you pronounce words can significantly impact your interactions.
Throughout this lesson, we will explore:
* An overview of French vowels and consonants
* Detailed explanations and examples of each sound
* Cultural insights into regional pronunciation variations
* Practical exercises to reinforce your learning
Let’s embark on this phonetic adventure together!
__TOC__
__TOC__
=== Vowels in French ===
1. '''Overview of French Vowels'''
French vowels are the heart of the language's sound system. Unlike English, where vowel sounds can vary greatly in different contexts, French vowels tend to maintain a more consistent pronunciation. There are 16 vowel sounds in French, which can be categorized into oral vowels and nasal vowels.
* Types of Vowels
==== Oral Vowels ====
* Vowel Sounds
Oral vowels are the most common and are produced without the air escaping through the nose. Below are the primary oral vowels in French:
* Examples of Vowel Usage
2. '''Overview of French Consonants'''
* Types of Consonants
* Consonant Sounds
* Examples of Consonant Usage
3. '''Cultural Insights'''
* Regional Variations
* Historical Influences
# '''Summary of Key Points'''
# '''Exercises and Practice Scenarios'''
* Exercise Instructions
* Detailed Solutions and Explanations
== Overview of French Vowels ==
French vowels are unique and varied. They can be classified into two main categories: '''oral vowels''' and '''nasal vowels'''. Let's break them down further.
=== Types of Vowels ===
# '''Oral Vowels:''' These are the most common vowels in French and are pronounced without any nasal quality. There are 16 oral vowels in French.
# '''Nasal Vowels:''' These vowels are pronounced with air flowing through the nose as well as the mouth. There are 4 nasal vowels in French.
=== Vowel Sounds ===
French vowels can be tricky for English speakers due to their different pronunciation. Below is a detailed table showing examples of French vowels, their pronunciation, and their English translations.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! French !! Pronunciation !! English
! French !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| a || /a/ || father
| a || /a/ || father
|-
|-
| e || /ə/ || about
| e || /ə/ || the (schwa)
|-
|-
| é || /e/ || play
| é || /e/ || café
|-
|-
| i || /i/ || see
| è  || /ɛ/ || bed
|-
|-
| o || /o/ || go
| || /i/ || see
|-
|-
| u || /y/ || French ‘u’ sound (no English equivalent)
| || /o/ || go
|-
|-
| oeu || /œ/ || fur
| ô  || /o/ || boat
|-
|-
| eu || /ø/ || bird
| || /y/ || French "u" sound (like in "tu")
|}
|-
The pronunciation of each vowel can vary depending on the word and its context. For instance, the letter "e" can be pronounced as /ə/ in unstressed syllables, such as in "le" (the) or "je" (I).
| ou || /u/ || you (in "vous")
==== Nasal Vowels ====
|-
Nasal vowels are produced by letting air escape through the nose while pronouncing the vowel. In French, the nasal vowels are represented by combinations of letters, typically followed by an "n" or "m." Here are the nasal vowels:
| an || /ɑ̃/ || bread (nasal)
{| class="wikitable"
! French !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| an, en || /ɑ̃/ || bread (pain)
| en || /ɑ̃/ || the (nasal)
|-
|-
| in, ain, ein || /ɛ̃/ || wine (vin)
| in || /ɛ̃/ || pain (bread)
|-
|-
| on || /ɔ̃/ || sound (son)
| on || /ɔ̃/ || bon (good)
|-
|-
| un || /œ̃/ || one (un)
| un || /œ̃/ || brun (brown)
|}
|}
These nasal sounds can be challenging for learners, as they do not exist in English. Practice is essential to master them!
=== Examples of Vowel Usage ===
=== Consonants in French ===
* '''a:''' ''chat'' (cat)
French consonants are generally pronounced similarly to their English counterparts, but there are some notable differences. Here’s a guide to the French consonants:
* '''e:''' ''le'' (the)
* '''é:''' ''été'' (summer)
* '''è:''' ''très'' (very)
* '''i:''' ''si'' (if)
* '''o:''' ''rose'' (rose)
* '''u:''' ''lune'' (moon)
* '''ou:''' ''four'' (oven)
* '''an:''' ''manger'' (to eat)
* '''en:''' ''enfant'' (child)
* '''in:''' ''vin'' (wine)
* '''on:''' ''nom'' (name)
* '''un:''' ''brun'' (brown)
== Overview of French Consonants ==
Consonants in French can be quite similar to those in English, but there are also distinct differences that can affect pronunciation.  
=== Types of Consonants ===
French consonants can be categorized into voiced and voiceless sounds.
# '''Voiced Consonants:''' These consonants are produced with vibration of the vocal cords, like /b/ or /d/.
# '''Voiceless Consonants:''' These consonants are produced without vocal cord vibration, like /p/ or /t/.
=== Consonant Sounds ===
Below is a table showing some common French consonants, their pronunciation, and their English equivalents:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! French !! Pronunciation !! English
! French !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| b || /b/ || bat
| b || /b/ || bed
|-
|-
| c || /k/ (before a, o, u) /s/ (before e, i) || cat / city
| c || /k/ || cat
|-
|-
| d || /d/ || dog
| d || /d/ || dog
|-
|-
| f || /f/ || fish
| f || /f/ || fish
|-
|-
| g || /g/ (before a, o, u) /ʒ/ (before e, i) || goat / genre
| g || /g/ || go
|-
|-
| h || silent || (no sound)
| h || /aʊ/ || hotel (silent)
|-
|-
| j || /ʒ/ || measure
| j || /ʒ/ || measure
|-
|-
| k || /k/ || kite
| k || /k/ || kite
|-
|-
| l || /l/ || lamp
| l || /l/ || love
|-
|-
| m || /m/ || map
| m || /m/ || man
|-
|-
| n || /n/ || net
| n || /n/ || no
|-
|-
| p || /p/ || pig
| p || /p/ || pen
|-
|-
| r || /ʁ/ || (guttural sound not found in English)
| r || /ʁ/ || French "r" sound
|-
|-
| s || /s/ || sun
| s || /s/ || sun
|-
|-
| t || /t/ || top
| t || /t/ || top
|-
|-
| v || /v/ || van
| v || /v/ || van
|-
|-
| w || /w/ || water
| z || /z/ || zebra
|-
| x || /ks/ || box
|-
| z || /z/ || zebra
|}
|}
One interesting aspect of French consonants is the handling of the letter "h." In French, "h" can be either "h aspiré" (aspirated) or "h muet" (mute). The mute "h" does not affect the pronunciation of preceding vowels, while the aspirated "h" does, much like in English.
=== Examples of Consonant Usage ===
=== Cultural Insights ===
* '''b:''' ''bain'' (bath)
French pronunciation can vary significantly across different regions of the Francophone world. For instance, in the south of France, you might hear a softer, more melodic accent, while Parisians tend to speak more quickly and with distinct nasal sounds. This diversity is a beautiful reflection of the rich cultural tapestry of France.
* '''c:''' ''café'' (cafe)
Anecdotally, many English speakers find the French "r" challenging. It’s often described as a guttural sound that requires practice. Did you know that this sound is produced at the back of the throat? This is quite different from English, where the "r" is articulated with the tongue. Embrace the challenge—it’s part of what makes learning French so rewarding!
* '''d:''' ''doux'' (sweet)
=== Summary ===
* '''f:''' ''fête'' (party)
In summary, mastering French vowels and consonants is a crucial step in your language journey. Here are the key points to remember:
* '''g:''' ''gagner'' (to win)
* French has 16 vowel sounds, divided into oral and nasal vowels.
* '''h:''' ''hôtel'' (hotel)
* Oral vowels are pronounced without nasal airflow, while nasal vowels require it.
* '''j:''' ''jouer'' (to play)
* French consonants generally mirror their English counterparts, with unique sounds such as the French "r."
* '''k:''' ''kilo'' (kilo)
* Regional accents can significantly influence pronunciation.
* '''l:''' ''lumière'' (light)
Now that we've covered the essentials of French sounds, let’s put your new knowledge to the test!
* '''m:''' ''maison'' (house)
=== Practice Exercises ===
* '''n:''' ''nom'' (name)
Here are 10 exercises to help you practice what you've learned about French vowels and consonants:
* '''p:''' ''pain'' (bread)
1. '''Identify the Vowel Sound''': Write down the French vowel sound for the following English words.
* '''r:''' ''rue'' (street)
- Cat
* '''s:''' ''soleil'' (sun)
- See
* '''t:''' ''temps'' (time)
- Bread
* '''v:''' ''voiture'' (car)
- Play
* '''z:''' ''zèbre'' (zebra)
2. '''Nasal Vowel Recognition''': Match the French word with the correct nasal vowel sound.
== Cultural Insights ==
- Pain
French pronunciation varies significantly across regions, which is a fascinating aspect of the language.  
- Vin
=== Regional Variations ===
- Son
* '''Parisian French:''' The standard form of French that you will typically learn. It features a clear pronunciation of vowels and consonants.
- Un
* '''Southern French (Occitan):''' In the south, you might hear a more melodic tone, and some vowels can have a more open quality.
3. '''Consonant Sound Identification''': Identify whether the following consonants are pronounced the same in French and English.
* '''Canadians (Québécois):''' In Quebec, French pronunciation can be quite different, with different vowel sounds and the use of diphthongs.
- b
=== Historical Influences ===
- g
The evolution of French pronunciation has been influenced by several historical factors including:
- h
* The Norman Conquest of England, which blended French and English sounds.
- r
* The influence of regional dialects and languages, such as Breton and Occitan, which have contributed to the diversity in pronunciation.
4. '''Fill in the Blanks''': Complete the sentences with the correct French vowel or consonant.
Interesting Fact: Did you know that the French language is known for its “liaison” practice? This is where a normally silent consonant at the end of a word is pronounced when the next word starts with a vowel. For example, ''les amis'' (the friends) is pronounced /lez‿ami/.
- Le ______ (cat) est mignon.
== Summary of Key Points ==
- J'aime le ______ (bread).
* French vowels are divided into oral and nasal categories.
5. '''Pronunciation Practice''': Write down three French words with nasal vowels and practice pronouncing them aloud.
* There are 16 oral vowels and 4 nasal vowels in French.
6. '''Accent Challenge''': Listen to a French speaker and try to mimic the pronunciation of the vowels and consonants. Record yourself and compare.
* French consonants can be classified into voiced and voiceless sounds.
7. '''Create Sentences''': Use at least five different vowels in a single sentence in French. Translate it into English.
* Pronunciation varies across regions, influenced by historical and cultural factors.
8. '''Sound Discrimination''': Listen to a recording of French words and identify the oral and nasal vowels present.
== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ==
9. '''Regional Variation''': Research a French-speaking region and note how their pronunciation differs from standard French.
Now that you have learned about French vowels and consonants, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test!
10. '''Role Play''': Have a conversation with a partner in French, using vocabulary that includes a mix of vowels and consonants.
=== Exercise Instructions ===
=== Solutions ===
# '''Identify the Vowel:''' Listen to a recording of a French word, and identify the vowel sound.
1. '''Identify the Vowel Sound''':
# '''Pronunciation Practice:''' Repeat the following words focusing on the vowel sounds.  
- Cat: /a/
# '''Fill in the Blanks:''' Complete the sentences using the correct French vowel or consonant.
- See: /i/
# '''Translation:''' Translate the following French words into English.
- Bread: /ɑ̃/
# '''Sound Matching:''' Match the French word with its correct pronunciation.
- Play: /e/
# '''Consonant Clusters:''' Identify and pronounce the consonant clusters in the given words.
2. '''Nasal Vowel Recognition''':
# '''Nasal Vowels:''' Practice pronouncing nasal vowels with the sample words provided.
- Pain: /ɑ̃/
# '''Regional Dialects:''' Research and present on how vowels and consonants differ in a particular French-speaking region.
- Vin: /ɛ̃/
# '''Listening Comprehension:''' Listen to a short French audio and write down the vowels and consonants you hear.
- Son: /ɔ̃/
# '''Creative Writing:''' Write a short paragraph using at least 5 different vowels and 5 different consonants.
- Un: /œ̃/
=== Detailed Solutions and Explanations ===
3. '''Consonant Sound Identification''':
# For the vowel identification exercise, you can use words like ''chat'' (cat) and ''lune'' (moon) to practice.
- b: Yes
# While repeating words, pay attention to the mouth position for each vowel sound.  
- g: No (different pronunciation)
# Example sentence: “Je vais à l’__ (é)cole” should be filled with "é".
- h: Yes (h is silent in French)
# French words to translate: ''chien'' (dog), ''chat'' (cat), ''maison'' (house).
- r: No (French "r" is guttural)
# Create a list of French words and ask the students to write down their pronunciation.
4. '''Fill in the Blanks''':
# For consonant clusters, practice with words like ''streets'' (rue) and ''plage'' (beach).
- Le chat (cat) est mignon.
# Sample words for nasal vowels: ''pain'', ''vin'', ''nom''.
- J'aime le pain (bread).
# Encourage students to explore various regions and how their pronunciation varies.
5. '''Pronunciation Practice''': Examples could include: "pain," "vin," "son."
# Listening exercises can include snippets from French songs or news broadcasts.
6. '''Accent Challenge''': Students should record themselves and compare with native speakers.
# Creative writing allows students to explore their vocabulary and enhance their pronunciation skills.
7. '''Create Sentences''': Example: "Émilie aime le pain et l'eau." (Emily loves bread and water.)
Congratulations on completing this lesson! Keep practicing, and you'll soon find yourself speaking French with confidence and clarity.
8. '''Sound Discrimination''': Students should note the differences in pronunciation.
9. '''Regional Variation''': Example: In Quebec, "tu" can sound like "tue."
10. '''Role Play''': Students engage in conversational practice focusing on pronunciation.
By completing these exercises, you’ll solidify your understanding of French vowels and consonants. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be speaking French with confidence!
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Mastering French Vowels and Consonants
|title=Learn French Vowels and Consonants
|keywords=French vowels, French consonants, pronunciation, language learning, French sounds
|keywords=French vowels, French consonants, pronunciation, language learning, French grammar
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the pronunciation of French vowels and consonants, regional variations, and practice exercises to enhance your skills.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to master the pronunciation of French vowels and consonants, along with cultural insights and practical exercises.
}}
}}


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===Learn French Pronunciation in 12 Minutes - YouTube===
===Learn French Pronunciation in 12 Minutes - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PvBkp-4bmc</youtube>
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PvBkp-4bmc</youtube>




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* [https://www.frenchtoday.com/blog/french-pronunciation/vowels/ French Vowel Sounds | Free Audio Lesson]
* [https://www.frenchtoday.com/blog/french-pronunciation/vowels/ French Vowel Sounds | Free Audio Lesson]
* [https://www.leaflanguages.org/french-grammar-consonants-consonant-sounds/ French Grammar: Consonants and Consonant Sounds : The LEAF ...]
* [https://www.leaflanguages.org/french-grammar-consonants-consonant-sounds/ French Grammar: Consonants and Consonant Sounds : The LEAF ...]




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* [[Language/French/Grammar/Position-of-y-and-en-with-negative-infinitives|Position of y and en with negative infinitives]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Position-of-y-and-en-with-negative-infinitives|Position of y and en with negative infinitives]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Singular-or-plural-when-a-number-of-individuals-have-one-item-each|Singular or plural when a number of individuals have one item each]]
* [[Language/French/Grammar/Singular-or-plural-when-a-number-of-individuals-have-one-item-each|Singular or plural when a number of individuals have one item each]]





Latest revision as of 23:28, 26 July 2024

◀️ The French Alphabet — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — French Accent Marks ▶️

French-Language-PolyglotClub.png
FrenchGrammar0 to A1 Course → French Vowels and Consonants

As you embark on your journey to learn French, one of the most essential building blocks is mastering the pronunciation of French vowels and consonants. Understanding how to articulate these sounds not only enhances your speaking and listening skills but also allows you to appreciate the beauty of the French language. In this lesson, we will explore the following aspects:

1. Overview of French Vowels

  • Types of Vowels
  • Vowel Sounds
  • Examples of Vowel Usage

2. Overview of French Consonants

  • Types of Consonants
  • Consonant Sounds
  • Examples of Consonant Usage

3. Cultural Insights

  • Regional Variations
  • Historical Influences
  1. Summary of Key Points
  2. Exercises and Practice Scenarios
  • Exercise Instructions
  • Detailed Solutions and Explanations

Overview of French Vowels[edit | edit source]

French vowels are unique and varied. They can be classified into two main categories: oral vowels and nasal vowels. Let's break them down further.

Types of Vowels[edit | edit source]

  1. Oral Vowels: These are the most common vowels in French and are pronounced without any nasal quality. There are 16 oral vowels in French.
  2. Nasal Vowels: These vowels are pronounced with air flowing through the nose as well as the mouth. There are 4 nasal vowels in French.

Vowel Sounds[edit | edit source]

French vowels can be tricky for English speakers due to their different pronunciation. Below is a detailed table showing examples of French vowels, their pronunciation, and their English translations.

French Pronunciation English
a /a/ father
e /ə/ the (schwa)
é /e/ café
è /ɛ/ bed
i /i/ see
o /o/ go
ô /o/ boat
u /y/ French "u" sound (like in "tu")
ou /u/ you (in "vous")
an /ɑ̃/ bread (nasal)
en /ɑ̃/ the (nasal)
in /ɛ̃/ pain (bread)
on /ɔ̃/ bon (good)
un /œ̃/ brun (brown)

Examples of Vowel Usage[edit | edit source]

  • a: chat (cat)
  • e: le (the)
  • é: été (summer)
  • è: très (very)
  • i: si (if)
  • o: rose (rose)
  • u: lune (moon)
  • ou: four (oven)
  • an: manger (to eat)
  • en: enfant (child)
  • in: vin (wine)
  • on: nom (name)
  • un: brun (brown)

Overview of French Consonants[edit | edit source]

Consonants in French can be quite similar to those in English, but there are also distinct differences that can affect pronunciation.

Types of Consonants[edit | edit source]

French consonants can be categorized into voiced and voiceless sounds.

  1. Voiced Consonants: These consonants are produced with vibration of the vocal cords, like /b/ or /d/.
  2. Voiceless Consonants: These consonants are produced without vocal cord vibration, like /p/ or /t/.

Consonant Sounds[edit | edit source]

Below is a table showing some common French consonants, their pronunciation, and their English equivalents:

French Pronunciation English
b /b/ bed
c /k/ cat
d /d/ dog
f /f/ fish
g /g/ go
h /aʊ/ hotel (silent)
j /ʒ/ measure
k /k/ kite
l /l/ love
m /m/ man
n /n/ no
p /p/ pen
r /ʁ/ French "r" sound
s /s/ sun
t /t/ top
v /v/ van
z /z/ zebra

Examples of Consonant Usage[edit | edit source]

  • b: bain (bath)
  • c: café (cafe)
  • d: doux (sweet)
  • f: fête (party)
  • g: gagner (to win)
  • h: hôtel (hotel)
  • j: jouer (to play)
  • k: kilo (kilo)
  • l: lumière (light)
  • m: maison (house)
  • n: nom (name)
  • p: pain (bread)
  • r: rue (street)
  • s: soleil (sun)
  • t: temps (time)
  • v: voiture (car)
  • z: zèbre (zebra)

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

French pronunciation varies significantly across regions, which is a fascinating aspect of the language.

Regional Variations[edit | edit source]

  • Parisian French: The standard form of French that you will typically learn. It features a clear pronunciation of vowels and consonants.
  • Southern French (Occitan): In the south, you might hear a more melodic tone, and some vowels can have a more open quality.
  • Canadians (Québécois): In Quebec, French pronunciation can be quite different, with different vowel sounds and the use of diphthongs.

Historical Influences[edit | edit source]

The evolution of French pronunciation has been influenced by several historical factors including:

  • The Norman Conquest of England, which blended French and English sounds.
  • The influence of regional dialects and languages, such as Breton and Occitan, which have contributed to the diversity in pronunciation.

Interesting Fact: Did you know that the French language is known for its “liaison” practice? This is where a normally silent consonant at the end of a word is pronounced when the next word starts with a vowel. For example, les amis (the friends) is pronounced /lez‿ami/.

Summary of Key Points[edit | edit source]

  • French vowels are divided into oral and nasal categories.
  • There are 16 oral vowels and 4 nasal vowels in French.
  • French consonants can be classified into voiced and voiceless sounds.
  • Pronunciation varies across regions, influenced by historical and cultural factors.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now that you have learned about French vowels and consonants, it’s time to put your knowledge to the test!

Exercise Instructions[edit | edit source]

  1. Identify the Vowel: Listen to a recording of a French word, and identify the vowel sound.
  2. Pronunciation Practice: Repeat the following words focusing on the vowel sounds.
  3. Fill in the Blanks: Complete the sentences using the correct French vowel or consonant.
  4. Translation: Translate the following French words into English.
  5. Sound Matching: Match the French word with its correct pronunciation.
  6. Consonant Clusters: Identify and pronounce the consonant clusters in the given words.
  7. Nasal Vowels: Practice pronouncing nasal vowels with the sample words provided.
  8. Regional Dialects: Research and present on how vowels and consonants differ in a particular French-speaking region.
  9. Listening Comprehension: Listen to a short French audio and write down the vowels and consonants you hear.
  10. Creative Writing: Write a short paragraph using at least 5 different vowels and 5 different consonants.

Detailed Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

  1. For the vowel identification exercise, you can use words like chat (cat) and lune (moon) to practice.
  2. While repeating words, pay attention to the mouth position for each vowel sound.
  3. Example sentence: “Je vais à l’__ (é)cole” should be filled with "é".
  4. French words to translate: chien (dog), chat (cat), maison (house).
  5. Create a list of French words and ask the students to write down their pronunciation.
  6. For consonant clusters, practice with words like streets (rue) and plage (beach).
  7. Sample words for nasal vowels: pain, vin, nom.
  8. Encourage students to explore various regions and how their pronunciation varies.
  9. Listening exercises can include snippets from French songs or news broadcasts.
  10. Creative writing allows students to explore their vocabulary and enhance their pronunciation skills.

Congratulations on completing this lesson! Keep practicing, and you'll soon find yourself speaking French with confidence and clarity.

Videos[edit | edit source]

Learn French Language | 20 Basic Consonants - YouTube[edit | edit source]

French Lesson 127 - Pronunciation of consonants in French - How ...[edit | edit source]

1 Hour to Improve Your French Writing Skills - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Learn French pronunciation - The consonants - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Learn French Pronunciation in 12 Minutes - YouTube[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ The French Alphabet — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — French Accent Marks ▶️