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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Russian/Grammar/Noun-Gender|◀️ Noun Gender — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Russian/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-10|Next Lesson — Numbers 1-10 ▶️]]
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{{Russian-Page-Top}}
{{Russian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Russian|Russian]]  → [[Language/Russian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns and Gender → Plurals</div>
__TOC__
== Introduction ==
In this lesson, we will focus on forming plurals of Russian nouns and recognizing the different plural endings for each gender. Understanding how to form plurals is an essential aspect of learning Russian grammar. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently form and use plural nouns in your Russian conversations.
== Basic Rules for Forming Plurals ==
In Russian, forming plurals involves changing the endings of nouns. The specific ending that a noun takes in its plural form depends on its gender. There are three genders in Russian: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Let's explore the plural endings for each gender.
=== Plural Endings for Masculine Nouns ===
Masculine nouns usually end in a consonant or a soft sign (ь) in their singular form. When forming the plural, the ending -ы is added to masculine nouns that end in a consonant, while the soft sign is removed before adding -и.
Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| стол || stol || table
|-
| дом || dom || house
|-
| парк || park || park
|-
| папа || papa || dad
|}
Note that some masculine nouns may have irregular plural forms. It is important to learn these irregularities as you progress in your Russian studies.
=== Plural Endings for Feminine Nouns ===
Feminine nouns usually end in -а or -я in their singular form. When forming the plural, the ending -ы is added to feminine nouns that end in -а, and the ending -и is added to feminine nouns that end in -я.
Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| машина || mashina || car
|-
| семья || sem'ya || family
|-
| улица || ulitsa || street
|-
| книга || kniga || book
|}
Similarly to masculine nouns, some feminine nouns may have irregular plural forms.
=== Plural Endings for Neuter Nouns ===
Neuter nouns usually end in -о or -е in their singular form. When forming the plural, the ending -а is added to neuter nouns that end in -о, and the ending -я is added to neuter nouns that end in -е.
Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| окно || okno || window
|-
| море || more || sea
|-
| письмо || pismo || letter
|-
| время || vremya || time
|}
As with masculine and feminine nouns, irregular plural forms exist for some neuter nouns.
== Plural Forms of Nouns with Soft and Hard Stems ==
In addition to the gender-based plural endings, Russian nouns can also have soft or hard stems, which affect how the plural forms are constructed. A noun stem is the root form of a noun without any endings.
When a noun has a hard stem, the plural endings are added directly to the stem. For example, the noun "стол" (table) has a hard stem, so the plural form is "столы" (tables).
On the other hand, when a noun has a soft stem, the plural endings are added after a soft sign (ь). For example, the noun "день" (day) has a soft stem, so the plural form is "дни" (days).
It is important to pay attention to the stems of nouns when forming plurals, as they can affect the endings that are added.
== Plural Forms of Nouns Ending in -ь ==
Nouns that end in a soft sign (ь) in their singular forms have a unique pattern for forming plurals. In these cases, the soft sign is replaced by the ending -и in the plural form.
Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ночь || noch' || night
|-
| дверь || dver' || door
|-
| мышь || mysh' || mouse
|-
| дочь || doch' || daughter
|}
== Plural Forms of Nouns Ending in -й ==
Nouns that end in -й in their singular forms also have a specific pattern for forming plurals. In these cases, the -й is replaced by -и in the plural form.
Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| путь || put' || path
|-
| край || kray || region
|-
| рубль || rubl' || ruble
|-
| лай || lay || bark (noun)
|}


<div class="pg_page_title">Russian Grammar - Plurals</div>
== Plural Forms of Nouns with Irregular Plural Endings ==
In addition to the regular plural endings we have discussed, there are several nouns in Russian that have irregular plural forms. These irregularities must be learned individually, as there are no specific rules governing them.


Learning the rules of Russian grammar can be a daunting task, but understanding plurals is an essential part of mastering the language. Plurals are used to indicate more than one of something, and they are formed differently in Russian than in English. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of Russian plurals and how to use them correctly.  
Here are some examples of nouns with irregular plurals:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| человек || chelovek || person
|-
| глаз || glaz || eye
|-
| зуб || zub || tooth
|-
| нож || nozh || knife
|}
 
Take note of these irregular plural forms and practice using them in context to familiarize yourself with their usage.
 
== Summary ==
In this lesson, we have learned how to form plurals of Russian nouns based on their gender and endings. We explored the plural endings for masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns, as well as the plurals of nouns with soft and hard stems. We also discussed the plurals of nouns ending in -ь and -й, as well as irregular plural forms.
 
It is important to practice forming and using plural nouns in order to internalize these grammar rules. As you continue your Russian language journey, you will encounter more nouns with unique plural forms. Keep exploring and expanding your knowledge to become proficient in Russian grammar.
 
{{#seo:
|title=Russian Grammar → Nouns and Gender → Plurals
|keywords=Russian grammar, Russian nouns, Russian gender, Russian plurals, Russian language
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form plurals of Russian nouns and recognize the different plural endings for each gender.}}


__TOC__


== Nouns ==
{{Russian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


In Russian, nouns have two forms: singular and plural. The singular form is used when referring to one person or thing, while the plural form is used when referring to more than one. To form the plural of a noun, you must add a suffix to the end of the word. The suffixes vary depending on the gender and ending of the noun.  
[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Russian-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Russian-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>


=== Masculine Nouns ===
==Videos==


Masculine nouns typically end in a consonant. To form the plural of a masculine noun, add the suffix -ы or -и to the end of the word. For example, the singular form of дом (house) is дом, and the plural form is домы.  
===Russian lessons – Lesson 7 – Russian plurals - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UGzjoBCnUw</youtube>


=== Feminine Nouns ===
===Russian Grammar: Singular and Plural Nouns - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tX43aHWLygE</youtube>


Feminine nouns typically end in -а or -я. To form the plural of a feminine noun, add the suffix -ы or -и to the end of the word. For example, the singular form of книга (book) is книга, and the plural form is книги.  
===Beginning Russian: Plural Forms of Nouns - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00DPTdXdbe0</youtube>


=== Neuter Nouns ===
===Russian Cases - Accusative Plural - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F34JJTCprmI</youtube>


Neuter nouns typically end in -о or -е. To form the plural of a neuter noun, add the suffix -а or -я to the end of the word. For example, the singular form of платье (dress) is платье, and the plural form is платья.


== Adjectives ==


Adjectives also have two forms: singular and plural. To form the plural of an adjective, you must add the suffix -ые or -ие to the end of the word. For example, the singular form of большой (big) is большой, and the plural form is большие.  
==Sources==
* [https://www.russianlessons.net/lessons/lesson11_main.php Russian Plurals - Russian Language Lesson 11]
* [https://www.russiantutoring.com/post/how-to-express-plurality-in-russian How to Express Plurality in Russian]
* [https://www.russianforfree.com/grammar-of-russian-nouns-plural.php Russian grammar: Nouns in Nominative (plural) - Learn Russian for ...]


== Verbs ==


Verbs also have two forms: singular and plural. To form the plural of a verb, you must add the suffix -ут or -ют to the end of the word. For example, the singular form of говорить (to speak) is говорить, and the plural form is говорят.


== Conclusion ==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/How-to-Use-be|How to Use be]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Tricky-Adverbs|Tricky Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Порядок-слов-в-русском-предложении|Порядок слов в русском предложении]]
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Imperative-give-an-order|Imperative give an order]]


Forming plurals in Russian can be tricky, but with practice and patience, you can master the rules. If you want to learn more about Russian grammar, check out the [https://PolyglotClub.com Polyglot Club] community for tips and advice from experienced language learners.


<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


{{Russian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Russian-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Russian/Grammar/Noun-Gender|◀️ Noun Gender — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Russian/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-10|Next Lesson — Numbers 1-10 ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 17:39, 16 June 2023

◀️ Noun Gender — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Numbers 1-10 ▶️

Russian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Russian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Nouns and Gender → Plurals

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will focus on forming plurals of Russian nouns and recognizing the different plural endings for each gender. Understanding how to form plurals is an essential aspect of learning Russian grammar. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently form and use plural nouns in your Russian conversations.

Basic Rules for Forming Plurals[edit | edit source]

In Russian, forming plurals involves changing the endings of nouns. The specific ending that a noun takes in its plural form depends on its gender. There are three genders in Russian: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Let's explore the plural endings for each gender.

Plural Endings for Masculine Nouns[edit | edit source]

Masculine nouns usually end in a consonant or a soft sign (ь) in their singular form. When forming the plural, the ending -ы is added to masculine nouns that end in a consonant, while the soft sign is removed before adding -и.

Here are some examples:

Russian Pronunciation English
стол stol table
дом dom house
парк park park
папа papa dad

Note that some masculine nouns may have irregular plural forms. It is important to learn these irregularities as you progress in your Russian studies.

Plural Endings for Feminine Nouns[edit | edit source]

Feminine nouns usually end in -а or -я in their singular form. When forming the plural, the ending -ы is added to feminine nouns that end in -а, and the ending -и is added to feminine nouns that end in -я.

Here are some examples:

Russian Pronunciation English
машина mashina car
семья sem'ya family
улица ulitsa street
книга kniga book

Similarly to masculine nouns, some feminine nouns may have irregular plural forms.

Plural Endings for Neuter Nouns[edit | edit source]

Neuter nouns usually end in -о or -е in their singular form. When forming the plural, the ending -а is added to neuter nouns that end in -о, and the ending -я is added to neuter nouns that end in -е.

Here are some examples:

Russian Pronunciation English
окно okno window
море more sea
письмо pismo letter
время vremya time

As with masculine and feminine nouns, irregular plural forms exist for some neuter nouns.

Plural Forms of Nouns with Soft and Hard Stems[edit | edit source]

In addition to the gender-based plural endings, Russian nouns can also have soft or hard stems, which affect how the plural forms are constructed. A noun stem is the root form of a noun without any endings.

When a noun has a hard stem, the plural endings are added directly to the stem. For example, the noun "стол" (table) has a hard stem, so the plural form is "столы" (tables).

On the other hand, when a noun has a soft stem, the plural endings are added after a soft sign (ь). For example, the noun "день" (day) has a soft stem, so the plural form is "дни" (days).

It is important to pay attention to the stems of nouns when forming plurals, as they can affect the endings that are added.

Plural Forms of Nouns Ending in -ь[edit | edit source]

Nouns that end in a soft sign (ь) in their singular forms have a unique pattern for forming plurals. In these cases, the soft sign is replaced by the ending -и in the plural form.

Here are some examples:

Russian Pronunciation English
ночь noch' night
дверь dver' door
мышь mysh' mouse
дочь doch' daughter

Plural Forms of Nouns Ending in -й[edit | edit source]

Nouns that end in -й in their singular forms also have a specific pattern for forming plurals. In these cases, the -й is replaced by -и in the plural form.

Here are some examples:

Russian Pronunciation English
путь put' path
край kray region
рубль rubl' ruble
лай lay bark (noun)

Plural Forms of Nouns with Irregular Plural Endings[edit | edit source]

In addition to the regular plural endings we have discussed, there are several nouns in Russian that have irregular plural forms. These irregularities must be learned individually, as there are no specific rules governing them.

Here are some examples of nouns with irregular plurals:

Russian Pronunciation English
человек chelovek person
глаз glaz eye
зуб zub tooth
нож nozh knife

Take note of these irregular plural forms and practice using them in context to familiarize yourself with their usage.

Summary[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have learned how to form plurals of Russian nouns based on their gender and endings. We explored the plural endings for masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns, as well as the plurals of nouns with soft and hard stems. We also discussed the plurals of nouns ending in -ь and -й, as well as irregular plural forms.

It is important to practice forming and using plural nouns in order to internalize these grammar rules. As you continue your Russian language journey, you will encounter more nouns with unique plural forms. Keep exploring and expanding your knowledge to become proficient in Russian grammar.


Table of Contents - Russian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Basic Phrases and Greetings


Nouns and Gender


Numbers and Time


Cases and Prepositions


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Conjugation


Food and Dining


Russian Traditions and Holidays


Travel and Transportation


Adjectives and Adverbs


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Russian Literature and Arts

Videos[edit | edit source]

Russian lessons – Lesson 7 – Russian plurals - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Russian Grammar: Singular and Plural Nouns - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Beginning Russian: Plural Forms of Nouns - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Russian Cases - Accusative Plural - YouTube[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Noun Gender — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Numbers 1-10 ▶️

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