Difference between revisions of "Language/Dari/Grammar/Plurals"
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<span link>Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Past-Tense|Dari Grammar: Past Tense]], [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Gender|Gender]], [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Questions|Questions]] & [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Noun-Gender-and-Plurals|Noun Gender and Plurals]].</span> | |||
== Basic Rules == | == Basic Rules == | ||
In Dari, there are two ways to form plurals. The first way is by adding -ha to the end of the noun. This method is typically used to pluralize words that end in a vowel. For example: | In Dari, there are two ways to form plurals. The first way is by adding -ha to the end of the noun. This method is typically used to pluralize words that end in a vowel. For example: | ||
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== Practice Exercise == | == Practice Exercise == | ||
Now that you have learned about the rules for forming plurals in Dari, try practicing some examples on your own. Use the [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=1616 Polyglot Club] website to find native speakers and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/dari/question questions] you have! | Now that you have learned about the rules for forming plurals in Dari, try practicing some examples on your own. Use the [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=1616 Polyglot Club] website to find native speakers and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/dari/question questions] you have! | ||
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==Other Lessons== | |||
== | |||
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Negation|Negation]] | * [[Language/Dari/Grammar/Negation|Negation]] | ||
* [[Language/Dari/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]] | * [[Language/Dari/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 21:04, 27 March 2023
Hi Dari learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be learning about plurals in Dari. Plurals refer to more than one object, person or thing. It is an important concept in any language, but it can be tricky to learn. Don't worry, we will explain it in a simple and easy-to-understand way!
Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: Dari Grammar: Past Tense, Gender, Questions & Noun Gender and Plurals.
Basic Rules[edit | edit source]
In Dari, there are two ways to form plurals. The first way is by adding -ha to the end of the noun. This method is typically used to pluralize words that end in a vowel. For example:
| Dari | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| مرغ | /morɣ/ | chicken |
| مرغ‌ها | /morɣhɑ/ | chickens |
| بلند | /boland/ | tall |
| بلند‌ها | /bolandhɑ/ | tall (plural) |
Another way to form plurals in Dari is by adding -an to the end of the noun. This method is typically used to pluralize words that end in a consonant. For example:
| Dari | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| کتاب | /ketɑːb/ | book |
| کتاب‌ها | /ketɑːbhɑ/ | books |
| خواهر | /xɑwɑhær/ | sister |
| خواهران | /xɑwɑhærɑn/ | sisters |
In some cases, there are irregular plural forms for certain nouns. For example:
| Dari | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| پدر | /pedɑr/ | father |
| پدران | /pedɑrɑn/ | fathers |
| مادر | /mɑːdær/ | mother |
| مادران | /mɑːdærɑn/ | mothers |
Exceptions[edit | edit source]
There are a few exceptions to the rules for forming plurals in Dari. For instance, some nouns have the same singular and plural forms. Examples of such words include:
| Dari | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ملک | /molk/ | country |
| ملک | /molk/ | countries |
| دست | /dæst/ | hand |
| دست | /dæst/ | hands |
Another exception is when an Arabic or English word is borrowed into Dari. In such cases, the plural is often formed using the original language's plural form. For example:
| Dari | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| کتاب | /ketɑːb/ | book |
| کتاب‌ها | /ketɑːbhɑ/ | books |
| دی وی دی | /diji diji/ | DVD |
| دی وی دی‌ها | /diji dijihɑ/ | DVDs |
Examples in Dialogue[edit | edit source]
To better understand how plurals work in Dari, let's listen to a conversation between two friends:
- Person 1: چند نفر داریم در کلاس؟ (How many people do we have in class?)
- Person 2: دوازده نفر. (Twelve people.)
- Person 1: دانشجویانی که در کلاس هستند، لطفاً کتاب‌های خود را با خود بیاورید. (All the students who are in class, please bring your books with you.)
- Person 2: خوب، من کتاب‌های خودم را دارم. شما هم کتاب‌های خودتان را بیاورید. (Okay, I have my books with me. You bring your own books too.)
In this conversation, we can see how plurals are used to refer to both people and objects. The word "دانشجو" (student) is singular, while "دانشجویان" (students) is plural.
Fun Facts[edit | edit source]
Did you know that Dari is one of the official languages of Afghanistan? It is also spoken in Iran and Tajikistan. Dari has borrowed many words from Arabic, as well as from other languages such as English and French. Knowing the rules for forming plurals in Dari will help you communicate more effectively with native speakers of the language.
Practice Exercise[edit | edit source]
Now that you have learned about the rules for forming plurals in Dari, try practicing some examples on your own. Use the Polyglot Club website to find native speakers and ask them any questions you have!
Sources[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Negation
- How to Use Have
- How to Use Be
- Conditional Mood
- Give your Opinion
- Gender
- Pronouns
- Questions
- Nouns