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<div class="pg_page_title">Halh Mongolian Grammar - Nouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Halh Mongolian Grammar - Nouns</div>
Hi Halh Mongolian learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing nouns in Halh Mongolian. Nouns are an important part of any language, and Halh Mongolian is no exception. We will look at the different types of nouns, how to form them, and how to use them in sentences. By the end of this lesson, you should have a good understanding of Halh Mongolian nouns.  
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/halh-mongolian Halh Mongolian] learners! 😊<br>
In this lesson, we will dive into Halh Mongolian nouns. Nouns are words that represent people, animals, things, and ideas. We will discuss the grammar rules of nouns and provide examples to better understand them. Don't forget to use [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=86 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/halh-mongolian/question questions] you may have! You can also check out other [https://polyglotclub.com/language/halh-mongolian/grammar/lessons Grammar] lessons to improve your understanding of the language.
 
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__TOC__


== Types of Nouns ==
== Noun Types ==
 
There are two types of nouns in Halh Mongolian: common nouns and proper nouns.
 
Common Nouns are general names given to a person, animal, or thing. They are not capitalized unless they come at the beginning of the sentence.
 
Proper Nouns are the specific name given to a person, place, or thing. They are always capitalized.
 
Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Common Noun !! Proper Noun
|-
| ногоо (noh-goh) || Байкал (bai-kal)
|-
| хүү (hüü) || Ганданхүү (gandan-hüü)
|-
| газар (gazar) || Баянзүрх (bayan-zürkh)
|}
 
== Gender of Nouns ==
 
In Halh Mongolian, nouns do not have gender, rather they are classified by their "animacy". There are two categories: animate and inanimate. An animate noun is a noun that represents a living thing such as people or animals. Inanimate nouns represent non-living things such as objects.
 
Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Animate Noun !! Inanimate Noun
|-
| хүүхэд (hüü-khed) || гэр (ger)
|-
| морь (mor) || машин (mashin)
|-
| хонь (hon) || сум (sum)
|}
 
== Number of Nouns ==
 
The Halh Mongolian language has two numbers: singular and plural. Singular refers to one item and plural refers to more than one item. To make a noun plural, the suffix "-ууд" (-uud) is added.
 
Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Singular Noun !! Plural Noun
|-
| ногоо (noh-goh) || ногоонууд (noh-goh-nuud)
|-
| хүү (hüü) || хүүүд (hüüüd)
|-
| газар (gazar) || газрууд (gazruud)
|}
 
== Cases of Nouns ==
 
In Halh Mongolian, nouns have six cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, and allative. Each case serves a different function in the sentence.
 
=== Nominative Case ===
 
The nominative case is used when a noun is in its basic form and is the subject of the sentence.
 
Examples:
* Хүүхэд тавагнасаа тэмдэглэдэг. (Hüükhed tavagnasaa temdegledeeg.) - Children write with a pencil.
 
In this sentence, хүүхэд (hüükhed) is in the nominative case because it is in its basic form and is the subject of the sentence.
 
=== Genitive Case ===
 
The genitive case is used to express possession or to show what noun something belongs to.
 
Examples:
* Миний гэр. (Minii ger.) - My house.
* Хатан миний нутагт. (Khatan minii nutagt.) - The wife is from my country.
 
In the first sentence, гэр (ger) is in the genitive case because it is showing possession. In the second sentence, нутаг (nutag) is in the genitive case because it is showing belonging to "my country".
 
=== Dative Case ===
 
The dative case is used to indicate the recipient of an action or the indirect object of the sentence.
 
Examples:
* Би нууцыг хүргэж байна. (Bi nuutsyg hürgenzh baina.) - I am delivering the mail.
* Би найзтайгаа зуучлахаа хүсч байна. (Bi naiztaigaa zuuchlakhaa hüsch baina.) - I want to travel with my friend.
 
In the first sentence, нууц (nuuts) is in the dative case because it is the recipient of the action "delivering". In the second sentence, найз (naiz) is in the dative case because it is indicating who the speaker wants to travel with.
 
=== Accusative Case ===
 
The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of the sentence.
 
Examples:
* Бачгынг баривчлах шаардлагагүй юм. (Bachgynng barivchlakh shaardlagagüi yum.) - I don't need a tutor.
* Тэр найзыг татаж авлаа. (Ter naizyg tatash avlaa.) - She caught her friend.


Halh Mongolian has two main types of nouns: common nouns and proper nouns. Common nouns refer to general things, such as people, places, animals, and objects. Proper nouns refer to specific people, places, animals, and objects.  
In the first sentence, бачгын (bachgyn) is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of the sentence. In the second sentence, найз (naiz) is in the accusative case because it is the object that was caught.


=== Common Nouns ===
=== Ablative Case ===


Common nouns in Halh Mongolian are formed by adding suffixes to the root word. For example, the root word for "person" is "хүн", and the suffix "-н" is added to form the common noun "хүнн".  
The ablative case is used to indicate motion away from something.


Common nouns can also be formed by adding prefixes to the root word. For example, the root word for "house" is "гэр", and the prefix "дахин" is added to form the common noun "дахин гэр".  
Examples:
* Би ажиллахаа хотноос зайлсхийж байна. (Bi ajillakhaa hotnoos zailskhij baina.) - I am commuting to work from the city.
* Гэрийнхээ суурьаас гарах. (Geriinhii suuraaas garakh.) - To leave home.


=== Proper Nouns ===
In the first sentence, хот (hot) is in the ablative case because it indicates the motion away from the city. In the second sentence, суурь (suur) is in the ablative case because it represents the starting point of the motion "leaving home".


Proper nouns in Halh Mongolian are formed by adding suffixes to the root word. For example, the root word for "person" is "хүн", and the suffix "-ийн" is added to form the proper noun "хүнийн".
=== Allative Case ===


Proper nouns can also be formed by adding prefixes to the root word. For example, the root word for "house" is "гэр", and the prefix "дахин" is added to form the proper noun "дахин гэрийн".  
The allative case is used to indicate motion towards something or someone.


== Using Nouns in Sentences ==
Examples:
* Хэнд уулзнаа өгөөч. (Khen'd uulznaa ögööch.) - I will give it to him.
* Хоолны саван ресторан рүү яв. (Khoolny savan restoran rüü yav.) - Go to the restaurant for lunch.


Once you have formed the nouns, you can use them in sentences. Halh Mongolian nouns can be used as the subject, object, or predicate of a sentence.  
In the first sentence, хэн (khen) is in the allative case because it indicates the motion towards him. In the second sentence, ресторан (restoran) is in the allative case because it represents the destination of the motion "going to the restaurant".


For example, if you wanted to say "The person is happy", you would say "Хүн баяртай". Here, "хүн" is the subject of the sentence.
== Dialogue ==


If you wanted to say "The house is big", you would say "Гэр дээд байна". Here, "гэр" is the subject of the sentence.  
Person 1: Сараа ямар зууштай вэ? (Saraa yamar zuushtai ve?) - What's your favorite food?
Person 2: Нам ямар чинь зууштайгүй. (Nam yamar chin zuushtaigui.) - I don't have a favorite food.


If you wanted to say "I saw the person", you would say "Би хүнийг харав". Here, "хүнийг" is the object of the sentence.  
== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_grammar Mongolian grammar]


If you wanted to say "I saw the house", you would say "Би гэрийг харав". Here, "гэрийг" is the object of the sentence.  
{{#seo:
|title=Halh Mongolian Grammar - Nouns
|keywords=Halh Mongolian, Mongolian grammar, nouns, cases, examples
|description=In this lesson, we will dive into Halh Mongolian nouns. Nouns are words that represent people, animals, things, and ideas. We will discuss the grammar rules of nouns and provide examples to better understand them.
}}


== Conclusion ==
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


In this lesson, we discussed nouns in Halh Mongolian. We looked at the different types of nouns, how to form them, and how to use them in sentences. We hope that this lesson has helped you to gain a better understanding of Halh Mongolian nouns.
==Other Lessons==
<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/Personal-pronouns|Personal pronouns]]
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]


{{Halh-mongolian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Halh-mongolian-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 20:55, 27 March 2023

Mongolia.png
Halh Mongolian Grammar - Nouns

Hi Halh Mongolian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will dive into Halh Mongolian nouns. Nouns are words that represent people, animals, things, and ideas. We will discuss the grammar rules of nouns and provide examples to better understand them. Don't forget to use Find native speakers and ask them any questions you may have! You can also check out other Grammar lessons to improve your understanding of the language.

Noun Types[edit | edit source]

There are two types of nouns in Halh Mongolian: common nouns and proper nouns.

Common Nouns are general names given to a person, animal, or thing. They are not capitalized unless they come at the beginning of the sentence.

Proper Nouns are the specific name given to a person, place, or thing. They are always capitalized.

Here are some examples:

Common Noun Proper Noun
ногоо (noh-goh) Байкал (bai-kal)
хүү (hüü) Ганданхүү (gandan-hüü)
газар (gazar) Баянзүрх (bayan-zürkh)

Gender of Nouns[edit | edit source]

In Halh Mongolian, nouns do not have gender, rather they are classified by their "animacy". There are two categories: animate and inanimate. An animate noun is a noun that represents a living thing such as people or animals. Inanimate nouns represent non-living things such as objects.

Here are some examples:

Animate Noun Inanimate Noun
хүүхэд (hüü-khed) гэр (ger)
морь (mor) машин (mashin)
хонь (hon) сум (sum)

Number of Nouns[edit | edit source]

The Halh Mongolian language has two numbers: singular and plural. Singular refers to one item and plural refers to more than one item. To make a noun plural, the suffix "-ууд" (-uud) is added.

Here are some examples:

Singular Noun Plural Noun
ногоо (noh-goh) ногоонууд (noh-goh-nuud)
хүү (hüü) хүүүд (hüüüd)
газар (gazar) газрууд (gazruud)

Cases of Nouns[edit | edit source]

In Halh Mongolian, nouns have six cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, and allative. Each case serves a different function in the sentence.

Nominative Case[edit | edit source]

The nominative case is used when a noun is in its basic form and is the subject of the sentence.

Examples:

  • Хүүхэд тавагнасаа тэмдэглэдэг. (Hüükhed tavagnasaa temdegledeeg.) - Children write with a pencil.

In this sentence, хүүхэд (hüükhed) is in the nominative case because it is in its basic form and is the subject of the sentence.

Genitive Case[edit | edit source]

The genitive case is used to express possession or to show what noun something belongs to.

Examples:

  • Миний гэр. (Minii ger.) - My house.
  • Хатан миний нутагт. (Khatan minii nutagt.) - The wife is from my country.

In the first sentence, гэр (ger) is in the genitive case because it is showing possession. In the second sentence, нутаг (nutag) is in the genitive case because it is showing belonging to "my country".

Dative Case[edit | edit source]

The dative case is used to indicate the recipient of an action or the indirect object of the sentence.

Examples:

  • Би нууцыг хүргэж байна. (Bi nuutsyg hürgenzh baina.) - I am delivering the mail.
  • Би найзтайгаа зуучлахаа хүсч байна. (Bi naiztaigaa zuuchlakhaa hüsch baina.) - I want to travel with my friend.

In the first sentence, нууц (nuuts) is in the dative case because it is the recipient of the action "delivering". In the second sentence, найз (naiz) is in the dative case because it is indicating who the speaker wants to travel with.

Accusative Case[edit | edit source]

The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of the sentence.

Examples:

  • Бачгынг баривчлах шаардлагагүй юм. (Bachgynng barivchlakh shaardlagagüi yum.) - I don't need a tutor.
  • Тэр найзыг татаж авлаа. (Ter naizyg tatash avlaa.) - She caught her friend.

In the first sentence, бачгын (bachgyn) is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of the sentence. In the second sentence, найз (naiz) is in the accusative case because it is the object that was caught.

Ablative Case[edit | edit source]

The ablative case is used to indicate motion away from something.

Examples:

  • Би ажиллахаа хотноос зайлсхийж байна. (Bi ajillakhaa hotnoos zailskhij baina.) - I am commuting to work from the city.
  • Гэрийнхээ суурьаас гарах. (Geriinhii suuraaas garakh.) - To leave home.

In the first sentence, хот (hot) is in the ablative case because it indicates the motion away from the city. In the second sentence, суурь (suur) is in the ablative case because it represents the starting point of the motion "leaving home".

Allative Case[edit | edit source]

The allative case is used to indicate motion towards something or someone.

Examples:

  • Хэнд уулзнаа өгөөч. (Khen'd uulznaa ögööch.) - I will give it to him.
  • Хоолны саван ресторан рүү яв. (Khoolny savan restoran rüü yav.) - Go to the restaurant for lunch.

In the first sentence, хэн (khen) is in the allative case because it indicates the motion towards him. In the second sentence, ресторан (restoran) is in the allative case because it represents the destination of the motion "going to the restaurant".

Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Person 1: Сараа ямар зууштай вэ? (Saraa yamar zuushtai ve?) - What's your favorite food? Person 2: Нам ямар чинь зууштайгүй. (Nam yamar chin zuushtaigui.) - I don't have a favorite food.

Sources[edit | edit source]

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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