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<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Latvian Grammar - Adjectives</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Standard Latvian Grammar - Adjectives</div>
Hi Standard Latvian learners! 😊<br>In today's lesson, we will be discussing adjectives in Standard Latvian. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns and pronouns. They can be used to give more information about the noun or pronoun they are modifying. In Standard Latvian, adjectives have a few different forms depending on the gender, number, and case of the noun or pronoun they are modifying.  
 
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-latvian Standard Latvian] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will focus on adjectives and their usage in Standard Latvian.


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Gender ==


Adjectives in Standard Latvian have three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. The gender of an adjective is determined by the gender of the noun or pronoun it is modifying. For example, if the noun or pronoun is masculine, then the adjective must also be masculine.  
<span link>Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/The-verb-to-be-and-basic-sentence-structure|Standard Latvian Grammar: Introduction to Latvian grammar: The ...]], [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]], [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]] & [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]].</span>
== What are Adjectives? ==
 
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns. They typically answer questions like which one, what kind, or how many? In Standard Latvian, adjectives are declined for case, number, and gender to agree with the nouns they modify.
 
Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| zaļš || [ˈzaːɫʃ] || green
|}
 
In this example, "zaļš" is an adjective that describes the noun.
 
== Declension of Adjectives ==
 
Just like nouns, adjectives in Standard Latvian are declinable. They take different endings based on the noun they modify. Adjectives are declined for case, number, and gender.
In general, adjectives follow the same declension patterns as nouns. As a rule of thumb, adjectives come after the noun they modify, but when used in a predicate, they come before the noun.
 
Example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Zilo ziedu dārzs || [ˈzilo ˈziedu ˈdaːrʒs] || The blue flower garden
|-
| Dārzs ir zils || [daːrʒs ir zils] || The garden is blue
|}
 
In the first example, the adjective "zilo" comes after the noun "ziedu" and both are declined in the nominative case.
In the second example, the adjective "zils" comes before the noun "dārzs" since it is used in a predicate.


=== Masculine ===
== Comparing Adjectives ==


Masculine adjectives usually end in -s or -š. For example, the adjective "lab" (good) is masculine and ends in -s.  
In Standard Latvian, adjectives can be compared to indicate degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. The comparison of adjectives is formed using different endings and auxiliary words.  


=== Feminine ===
Positive degree: This is the basic form of the adjective when it is not being compared.


Feminine adjectives usually end in -a or -e. For example, the adjective "labā" (good) is feminine and ends in -a.
Example:


=== Neuter ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| liels || [liɛls] || big
|}


Neuter adjectives usually end in -u or -i. For example, the adjective "labu" (good) is neuter and ends in -u.  
Comparative degree: This is used to compare two things or people.


== Number ==
Example:


Adjectives in Standard Latvian can be singular or plural. The number of the adjective is determined by the number of the noun or pronoun it is modifying. For example, if the noun or pronoun is singular, then the adjective must also be singular.
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| lielāks || [lɪɛlaːks] || bigger
|}


=== Singular ===
Superlative degree: This is used to compare three or more things or people.


Singular adjectives usually end in -s, -a, or -u. For example, the adjective "lab" (good) is singular and ends in -s.
Example:


=== Plural ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| lielākais || [lɪɛlaːkais] || the biggest
|}


Plural adjectives usually end in -i or -as. For example, the adjective "labi" (good) is plural and ends in -i.
== Irregular Adjectives==


== Case ==
Just like in any other language, there are some irregular adjectives in Standard Latvian that do not follow the usual patterns. Here are a few examples:


Adjectives in Standard Latvian can be in the nominative, accusative, dative, or genitive case. The case of the adjective is determined by the case of the noun or pronoun it is modifying. For example, if the noun or pronoun is in the nominative case, then the adjective must also be in the nominative case.
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Latvian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| labs || [lāps] || good
|-
| liels || [liɛls] || big
|-
| mazs || [māzs] || small
|-
| vecs || [vɛts] || old
|}


=== Nominative ===
== Practice Dialogue ==


Nominative adjectives usually end in -s, -a, or -u. For example, the adjective "lab" (good) is in the nominative case and ends in -s.  
To better understand the usage of adjectives in Standard Latvian, let's see it in context.


=== Accusative ===
* Person 1: Ko tu darīsi šodien? (What will you do today?)
* Person 2: Es aiziešu uz lielo muzeju Rīgā. (I will go to the big museum in Riga.)
* Person 1: Tā ir lielāka nekā maza galerija, kas atrodas mana mājās. (That is bigger than a small gallery that is located in my house.)
* Person 2: Bet arī stāsts, kas tos saistījis, ir interesants. Jums vajadzētu to pārbaudīt nākamreiz, kad būsiet pilsētā. (But also the story that ties them together is interesting. You should check it out next time when you are in the city.)


Accusative adjectives usually end in -u or -i. For example, the adjective "labu" (good) is in the accusative case and ends in -u.
== Conclusion ==


=== Dative ===
Adjectives play an important role in describing nouns and pronouns in Standard Latvian. They are declined for case, number, and gender, and come after or before the noun, depending on their usage. In order to improve your Standard Latvian [[Language/Standard-latvian|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=74 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/standard-latvian/question questions]! Don't forget to check the [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar|Grammar]] section for more information.


Dative adjectives usually end in -am or -em. For example, the adjective "labam" (good) is in the dative case and ends in -am.  
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


=== Genitive ===


Genitive adjectives usually end in -a or -e. For example, the adjective "labā" (good) is in the genitive case and ends in -a.  
<span link>Congratulations on finishing this lesson! Explore these related pages to keep learning: [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/The-subjunctive-mood-and-wishes|Standard Latvian Grammar: The Subjunctive Mood and Wishes]], [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/The-genitive-case-and-possession|Standard Latvian Grammar → The genitive and possessive forms ...]], [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Indirect-objects-and-the-dative-case|Indirect objects and the dative case]] & [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Nouns-and-their-declensions|Nouns and their declensions]].</span>
{{#seo:
|title=Standard Latvian Grammar - Adjectives
|keywords=Standard Latvian adjectives, Standard Latvian grammar, Standard Latvian language, Latvian declension, Latvian comparison of adjectives
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about adjectives in Standard Latvian, their declension patterns, and degrees of comparison. Examples and a practice dialogue included.
}}


<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Please feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Standard-latvian/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]


{{Standard-latvian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Standard-latvian-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 20:51, 27 March 2023

Latvian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Standard Latvian Grammar - Adjectives

Hi Standard Latvian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will focus on adjectives and their usage in Standard Latvian.


Consider exploring these related pages after completing this lesson: Standard Latvian Grammar: Introduction to Latvian grammar: The ..., Pronouns, Negation & 0 to A1 Course.

What are Adjectives?[edit | edit source]

Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns. They typically answer questions like which one, what kind, or how many? In Standard Latvian, adjectives are declined for case, number, and gender to agree with the nouns they modify.

Example:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English
zaļš [ˈzaːɫʃ] green

In this example, "zaļš" is an adjective that describes the noun.

Declension of Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Just like nouns, adjectives in Standard Latvian are declinable. They take different endings based on the noun they modify. Adjectives are declined for case, number, and gender. In general, adjectives follow the same declension patterns as nouns. As a rule of thumb, adjectives come after the noun they modify, but when used in a predicate, they come before the noun.

Example:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English
Zilo ziedu dārzs [ˈzilo ˈziedu ˈdaːrʒs] The blue flower garden
Dārzs ir zils [daːrʒs ir zils] The garden is blue

In the first example, the adjective "zilo" comes after the noun "ziedu" and both are declined in the nominative case. In the second example, the adjective "zils" comes before the noun "dārzs" since it is used in a predicate.

Comparing Adjectives[edit | edit source]

In Standard Latvian, adjectives can be compared to indicate degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative. The comparison of adjectives is formed using different endings and auxiliary words.

Positive degree: This is the basic form of the adjective when it is not being compared.

Example:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English
liels [liɛls] big

Comparative degree: This is used to compare two things or people.

Example:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English
lielāks [lɪɛlaːks] bigger

Superlative degree: This is used to compare three or more things or people.

Example:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English
lielākais [lɪɛlaːkais] the biggest

Irregular Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Just like in any other language, there are some irregular adjectives in Standard Latvian that do not follow the usual patterns. Here are a few examples:

Standard Latvian Pronunciation English
labs [lāps] good
liels [liɛls] big
mazs [māzs] small
vecs [vɛts] old

Practice Dialogue[edit | edit source]

To better understand the usage of adjectives in Standard Latvian, let's see it in context.

  • Person 1: Ko tu darīsi šodien? (What will you do today?)
  • Person 2: Es aiziešu uz lielo muzeju Rīgā. (I will go to the big museum in Riga.)
  • Person 1: Tā ir lielāka nekā maza galerija, kas atrodas mana mājās. (That is bigger than a small gallery that is located in my house.)
  • Person 2: Bet arī stāsts, kas tos saistījis, ir interesants. Jums vajadzētu to pārbaudīt nākamreiz, kad būsiet pilsētā. (But also the story that ties them together is interesting. You should check it out next time when you are in the city.)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Adjectives play an important role in describing nouns and pronouns in Standard Latvian. They are declined for case, number, and gender, and come after or before the noun, depending on their usage. In order to improve your Standard Latvian Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions! Don't forget to check the Grammar section for more information.

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎


Congratulations on finishing this lesson! Explore these related pages to keep learning: Standard Latvian Grammar: The Subjunctive Mood and Wishes, Standard Latvian Grammar → The genitive and possessive forms ..., Indirect objects and the dative case & Nouns and their declensions.

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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