Difference between revisions of "Language/Georgian/Grammar/Verbs-Destination-System"
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[[File:Georgian-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]] | [[File:Georgian-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]] | ||
<div | <div class="pg_page_title"> Verbs Destination System in Georgian</div> | ||
Georgian verbs have a destination system. The verbs show to whom (to which verbal person) is the verbal act destinated or oriented towards. There are three types of version: | Georgian verbs have a destination system. The verbs show to whom (to which verbal person) is the verbal act destinated or oriented towards. There are three types of version: | ||
a) Neutral – with prefix markers “ა-” and “Ø-” (absence of a marker). “I paint it” – ვხატავ. | a) Neutral – with prefix markers “ა-” and “Ø-” (absence of a marker). “I paint it” – ვხატავ. | ||
b) Subjective – with the prefix marker “ი-”. “I paint it for myself” – ვიხატავ. The verbal act is done for the subject itself. | b) Subjective – with the prefix marker “ი-”. “I paint it for myself” – ვიხატავ. The verbal act is done for the subject itself. | ||
c) Objective – with the prefix marker “ი-” for the indirect object of the I and II persons and “უ-” for the indirect object of the III person. Compare: “I paint it for you” – გიხატავ and “I paint it for him/her” – ვუხატავ. The verbal act is performed for the indirect object. | c) Objective – with the prefix marker “ი-” for the indirect object of the I and II persons and “უ-” for the indirect object of the III person. Compare: “I paint it for you” – გიხატავ and “I paint it for him/her” – ვუხატავ. The verbal act is performed for the indirect object. | ||
The subjective version exposes the subject acting on its own body and the subject performing the verbal act for his own self. Only two-personal transitive verbs have this form of version. Examples: ვიბან ტანს/პირს (“I wash [my] body/face”), ვივარცხნი თმას (“I comb [my] hair”), ვირეცხავ ტანსაცმელს (“I wash [my] clothes”). All markers of version are prefixes. They appear after personal prefixes. | The subjective version exposes the subject acting on its own body and the subject performing the verbal act for his own self. Only two-personal transitive verbs have this form of version. Examples: ვიბან ტანს/პირს (“I wash [my] body/face”), ვივარცხნი თმას (“I comb [my] hair”), ვირეცხავ ტანსაცმელს (“I wash [my] clothes”). All markers of version are prefixes. They appear after personal prefixes. | ||
<span link>With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages:</span> [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/The-Conjugation-System|The Conjugation System]], [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]], [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Nouns-with-“many”,-“much”-and-“a-few”|Nouns with “many”, “much” and “a few”]] & [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/“to-love”-სიყვარული-and-‘”to-like”-მოწონება-present-tense|“to love” სიყვარული and ‘”to like” მოწონება present tense]]. | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf | http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf | ||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/The-Genitive-Case|The Genitive Case]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Conjugation-verb-“to-be”-ყოფნა-in-the-past-tense|Conjugation verb “to be” ყოფნა in the past tense]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Third-person-pronouns|Third person pronouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Postpositions-of-the-Genitive|Postpositions of the Genitive]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Orthography-Words-ending-at-“—ს”,-“—მ”,-“—ზ”-and-“—შ”|Orthography Words ending at “—ს”, “—მ”, “—ზ” and “—შ”]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Noun-Inflection|Noun Inflection]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Adjectives-Degrees|Adjectives Degrees]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/Types-of-Verbs|Types of Verbs]] | |||
* [[Language/Georgian/Grammar/The-postposition-of-the-Dative|The postposition of the Dative]] | |||
<span links></span> | |||
Latest revision as of 13:15, 27 March 2023
Georgian verbs have a destination system. The verbs show to whom (to which verbal person) is the verbal act destinated or oriented towards. There are three types of version:
a) Neutral – with prefix markers “ა-” and “Ø-” (absence of a marker). “I paint it” – ვხატავ.
b) Subjective – with the prefix marker “ი-”. “I paint it for myself” – ვიხატავ. The verbal act is done for the subject itself.
c) Objective – with the prefix marker “ი-” for the indirect object of the I and II persons and “უ-” for the indirect object of the III person. Compare: “I paint it for you” – გიხატავ and “I paint it for him/her” – ვუხატავ. The verbal act is performed for the indirect object.
The subjective version exposes the subject acting on its own body and the subject performing the verbal act for his own self. Only two-personal transitive verbs have this form of version. Examples: ვიბან ტანს/პირს (“I wash [my] body/face”), ვივარცხნი თმას (“I comb [my] hair”), ვირეცხავ ტანსაცმელს (“I wash [my] clothes”). All markers of version are prefixes. They appear after personal prefixes.
With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages: The Conjugation System, Future Tense, Nouns with “many”, “much” and “a few” & “to love” სიყვარული and ‘”to like” მოწონება present tense.
Sources[edit | edit source]
http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Negation
- The Genitive Case
- Conjugation verb “to be” ყოფნა in the past tense
- Third person pronouns
- Postpositions of the Genitive
- Orthography Words ending at “—ს”, “—მ”, “—ზ” and “—შ”
- Noun Inflection
- Adjectives Degrees
- Types of Verbs
- The postposition of the Dative