Difference between revisions of "Language/Kazakh/Grammar/Modal-Adverbs"
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Modal adverbs are a crucial aspect of Kazakh grammar as they enable us to express our opinions, attitudes, and emotions about what we say or write. It is essential to learn how to use them correctly when speaking or writing in Kazakh. | Modal adverbs are a crucial aspect of Kazakh grammar as they enable us to express our opinions, attitudes, and emotions about what we say or write. It is essential to learn how to use them correctly when speaking or writing in Kazakh. | ||
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==Sources== | |||
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347826988_Problems_of_Modality_in_Turkic_and_Kazakh_Languages (PDF) Problems of Modality in Turkic and Kazakh Languages] | |||
* [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/olzg-2018-0136/html?lang=en Abish, Aynur: Modality in Kazakh as Spoken in China. Wiesbaden ...] | |||
* [https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:708958/FULLTEXT01.pdf Modality in Kazakh as spoken in China] | |||
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Revision as of 11:32, 12 March 2023
Modal adverbs are an essential part of Kazakh grammar as they enable us to express our attitudes and opinions about what we say or write. In this lesson, we will explore the modal adverbs in Kazakh, how to use them to express certainty, doubt, and other attitudes and opinions, and provide examples of their usage.
What are Modal Adverbs in Kazakh?
Modal adverbs (әрекеттер) in Kazakh are adverbs that express the speaker or writer's attitude towards the verb or sentence. There are different types of modal adverbs in Kazakh, such as epistemic (certainty/doubt), evidential (source of information), deontic (obligation), and speaker-oriented (subjectivity).
For instance, "сыңдық" (syn'dyk) is a modal adverb in Kazakh that expresses certainty or confidence as in "Мен қатты сыңдық болдым" (Men qatty syn'dyk boldym) which means "I was sure/confident."
Here is a list of some common modal adverbs in Kazakh and their meanings:
| Kazakh | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| еркін | ye'rkin | Probably |
| мүмкін | muym'kin | Possible |
| жасауи мүмкін | zhasaw'i muym'kin | Feasible |
| енді | end'i | Now |
| бірге | birge | Together |
| басқа дегенші | bas'qa degen'shi | Otherwise |
| алланың қиынсызы | allanyn' qiynsyz'y | Unfortunately |
| белсене | belsene | Hopefully |
| түсіндіргенмен | tus'indirgenmen | Apparently |
How to Use Modal Adverbs in Kazakh?
Modal adverbs usually come before the main verb and change its meaning or intensify the mood. For example, in the sentence "Мен өзім көрдім" (Men ozim kordim), which means "I saw it myself," the adverb "өзім" (ozim) intensifies the speaker's involvement in the action.
Similarly, in the sentence "Ол қус өлдін мүмкін екенін білеміз" (Ol qus oldin muymkin ekenin bilemiz), which means "We know that the bird may have died," the modal adverb "мүмкін" (muymkin) expresses doubt or uncertainty about the action.
Modal adverbs can also be used to give advice or suggestion as in the sentence "Қайтып келгендей жасауыңыз керек" (Qaytyp kelgendey zhasauyngyz kerek), which means "You should do it as if you were coming back," where the modal adverb "керек" (kerek) shows obligation or necessity.
Examples of Modal Adverbs in Kazakh
Here are some examples of modal adverbs in Kazakh used in various contexts:
- Сондай-ақ ешқашан тағы болмай шығады. (Sondai-aq eshqashan tagy bolmay shy'gady.) - It probably won't happen again.
- Осы іші бірге жазады. (Os'y ishi birge jazady.) - They will write it together.
- Осында басқа дегенші жоқ. (Os'yn'da bas'qa degen'shi jok.) - Otherwise there is no other choice.
- Алдымдағыларымыздың өмірі алланың қиынсызымен аяқталып жатыр. (Aldymdag'y'larymyzdyn omiri allanyn qiynsyzymen ay'ak'talyp jatyr.) - Unfortunately, our predecessors' lives ended prematurely.
- Тәулікке төтеріден тәрізден түйіндей жүреді. (Taulikke toterid'en terizden tuy'indey zhure'di.) - It apparently walks like a stork.
- Дербест жауынса әлә міндетті еместі. (Derbest ja'uwinsa ele mindetti emesti.) - If you go hunting, you should not leave your duties.
Modal adverbs are a crucial aspect of Kazakh grammar as they enable us to express our opinions, attitudes, and emotions about what we say or write. It is essential to learn how to use them correctly when speaking or writing in Kazakh.
Sources
- (PDF) Problems of Modality in Turkic and Kazakh Languages
- Abish, Aynur: Modality in Kazakh as Spoken in China. Wiesbaden ...
- Modality in Kazakh as spoken in China