Difference between revisions of "Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Moods"

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<div class="pg_page_title">The 3 moods in Modern Greek</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">The 3 moods in Modern Greek</div>
The citation form of a Greek verb is represented by the 1st person singular in the simple present tense.


Certain verbs indicate an action occurring in the present:


The citation form of the Greek verb is denoted by the 1st person singular of the simple present tense.
εγώ ποτίζω τώρα τα λουλούδια: I am watering the flowers now.


Some verbs refer to something that is happening NOW:
Applying linguistic principles across various languages, grammar can differ significantly.


εγώ ποτίζω τώρα τα λουλούδια : now I water the flowers.
The analysis of the Greek language leads to the introduction of new terms. Some verbs represent actions happening in the present:


Different grammar that exists in all foreign languages, try to apply the principles of linguistics.
εγώ ποτίζω τώρα τα λουλούδια: I am watering the flowers now.


The results of the particular study of the Greek language suggest new terms. Some verbs refer
Other verbs describe actions that took place in the past:
 
to something happening NOW:
 
εγώ ποτίζω τώρα τα λουλούδια: now i water the flowers.
 
Other verbs in the state that happened YESTERDAY:


Χθες πότισα τα λουλούδια: Yesterday, I watered the flowers.
Χθες πότισα τα λουλούδια: Yesterday, I watered the flowers.


And other verbs in situation that will occur TOMORROW:
And some verbs express actions that will occur in the future:


Αύριο εγώ θα ποτίσω τα λουλούδια: Tomorrow, I will water the flowers.
Αύριο εγώ θα ποτίσω τα λουλούδια: Tomorrow, I will water the flowers.


This is why the verbs are 8 tense, some of which speak NOW, others of YESTERDAY and others of TOMORROW.
This is why there are 8 verb tenses, which can refer to actions happening in the present, the past, or the future.


We distinguish times in three stages: the past, the present and the future.
We categorize time in three stages: past, present, and future.


In Greek eight verbal modes are used (with the exception of the imperative, the participle, the subjunctive etc.):
Greek has eight verbal tenses (excluding imperative, participle, subjunctive, etc.):


To determine types of an act and how they are used, check the following tables:
To understand the types of actions and their usage, refer to the following tables:


=== '''1) Present times''' ===
==Present Tenses==
'''a)''' '''Ενεστώτας''': present generally describes an action, an event or condition that takes place in the present.
===Ενεστώτας===
The present tense generally describes an action, event, or condition occurring in the present.


Όλο το πρωί καθαρίζω το σπίτι. (τώρα-συνέχεια)
Όλο το πρωί καθαρίζω το σπίτι. (τώρα-συνέχεια)


Every morning I clean the house.
Every morning, I clean the house.
 
'''b)''' '''Παρακείμενος: present perfect''' is the tense that connects the past with the present.  


The verb in the present perfect expresses an action completed some time in the past with consequences that reach the present.  
===Παρακείμενος===
The present perfect tense connects the past with the present, expressing a completed action in the past with consequences that extend to the present.


Τώρα που ήρθες, έχω καθαρίσει ήδη το σπίτι. (έχει τελειώσει τώρα)
Τώρα που ήρθες, έχω καθαρίσει ήδη το σπίτι. (έχει τελειώσει τώρα)


Now that you've come, I've already cleaned the house.
Now that you've arrived, I've already cleaned the house.


=== '''2) The times of the future''' ===
==Future Tenses==
'''a)''' '''εξακολουθητικός μέλλοντας:''' the future continuous is used to express duration or repetition in the future.
===εξακολουθητικός μέλλοντας===
The future continuous tense expresses the duration or repetition of actions in the future.


Όλο το πρωί θα καθαρίζω το σπίτι.
Όλο το πρωί θα καθαρίζω το σπίτι.


All morning I will have cleaned the house.  
All morning, I will be cleaning the house.


'''b) στιγμιαίος μέλλοντας:''' the simple future describes an action or event that will take place in the future without being interested in its duration.
===στιγμιαίος μέλλοντας===
 
The simple future tense describes an action or event that will occur in the future without specifying its duration.
'''eg :'''


Αύριο το πρωί θα καθαρίσω το σπίτι. (μέλλον-κάποια στιγμή)
Αύριο το πρωί θα καθαρίσω το σπίτι. (μέλλον-κάποια στιγμή)


Tomorrow morning I'm going to clean the house
Tomorrow morning, I will clean the house.


 '''a) συντελεσμένος μέλλοντας''': the future perfect refers to the future and shows that the action or the event described by the verb will  
===συντελεσμένος μέλλοντας===
 
The future perfect tense refers to a future action or event, showing that the action or event described by the verb will be completed in the future before another action, event, or specific point in time.
be completed in the future before another action, event or a certain point of time.
 
'''eg :'''


Όταν θα έρθεις, εγώ θα έχω καθαρίσει το σπίτι.
Όταν θα έρθεις, εγώ θα έχω καθαρίσει το σπίτι.


When you come, I will have cleaned the house.
When you arrive, I will have cleaned the house.


=== '''3) Times past''' ===
== Past Tenses==
'''a) Παρατατικός''': the Imperfect tense express duration and repetition in the past. The Imperfect tense stresses. Therefore it is used to indicate a habitual action or event occurred in the past.
===Παρατατικός===
The imperfect tense expresses duration and repetition in the past, and is used to indicate a habitual action or event that occurred in the past.


χτες όλο το πρωί καθάριζα το σπίτι
χτες όλο το πρωί καθάριζα το σπίτι


all morning I cleaned the house
Yesterday, I was cleaning the house all morning.


'''b) Αόριστος''': the simple past is used to describe an action, an event or condition that occurred in the past .The action or the event described was completed at some point.
===Αόριστος===
 
The simple past tense is used to describe an action, event, or condition that took place in the past. The action or event described was completed at some point.
'''Eg''' :


Χτες το πρωί καθάρισα το σπίτι.
Χτες το πρωί καθάρισα το σπίτι.


yesterday I cleaned the house or yesterday I cleaned the house  
Yesterday, I cleaned the house.


'''c) υπερσυντέλικος''': the past perfect is used to describe an action or event that occurred in the past, that the action described by the verb was  
===υπερσυντέλικος===
The past perfect tense is used to describe an action or event that occurred in the past, showing that the action described by the verb was completed before another past action or a specific point in time.


completed before another past action or a certain point of time.
Όταν ήρθες, εγώ είχα καθαρίσει το σπίτι.


  '''Eg :''' 
By the time you arrived, I had cleaned the house.


Όταν ήρθες, εγώ είχα καθαρίσει το σπίτι.
==Summary==
In summary, Greek verbs have eight tenses that describe actions, events, or conditions in the past, present, or future. Understanding the distinctions between these tenses is crucial for effective communication in the Greek language. Each tense serves a specific purpose and provides context to a sentence, allowing the speaker or listener to accurately interpret the timing of events.
 
It is important to note that in addition to the eight tenses mentioned, Greek also has other verb forms and moods, such as the imperative, participle, and subjunctive, which are used in different grammatical contexts to convey various nuances of meaning.


  By the time you came I had cleaned the house
To master the Greek language, it is essential to practice using these tenses in various contexts and to familiarize oneself with the conjugation patterns of Greek verbs. By doing so, one can effectively communicate ideas, emotions, and intentions in the Greek language, and develop a deeper understanding of the rich linguistic and cultural heritage associated with it.
=== '''The three moods in Modern Greek''' ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"

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