Difference between revisions of "Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Moods"

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Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Moods (edit)

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To master the Greek language, it is essential to practice using these tenses in various contexts and to familiarize oneself with the conjugation patterns of Greek verbs. By doing so, one can effectively communicate ideas, emotions, and intentions in the Greek language, and develop a deeper understanding of the rich linguistic and cultural heritage associated with it.
To master the Greek language, it is essential to practice using these tenses in various contexts and to familiarize oneself with the conjugation patterns of Greek verbs. By doing so, one can effectively communicate ideas, emotions, and intentions in the Greek language, and develop a deeper understanding of the rich linguistic and cultural heritage associated with it.
{| class="wikitable"
|'''The indicative - «οριστική»''' 
|'''The subjunctive -''' «υποτακτική»
|'''The imperative''' «προστακτική»
|'''The participle  « μετοχή »'''
|-
|This mood represents  reality and it is used to give information about a situation, an operation or  event. A negation is formed with the particle «δεν»  which preceded the verb.
Eg:
'''1. Πηγαίνω στο σχολείο''' :
I go to  school
'''2. Ο Γιάννης δεν  γύρισε ακόμα :'''
John  did not return yet
|The subjunctive mood  denotes an expression of will. When we are influenced by something, are  afraid of something, desire, suggest, propose, recommend, wish, fear, allow,  admit, imply something, the subjunctive is used. This mood is formed by the  usage of the particles «να»  and «ας» and a verb-form. In  negative utterances the particle «μην»  is put between «να»  or «ας» and the verb-form.
'''Eg :'''
'''1. Θέλω να παίξουμε'''
I want  that we play
'''2.''' '''Δέν μπορώ νά μήν πάω!'''
I can't not go
|This mood is used to  give orders or instructions by asking, demanding or requiring people to do  things. For negative expressions the subjunctive is employed, because the  imperative cannot be negated.
'''Eg :'''
'''1.''' '''Βγες έξω!''' :  Go away!
'''2. (Να) μη  φορέσεις αυτό το παντελόνι!'''
Don't wear that trousers!
|'''a)'''shows  us how the verb is described, like the adverbial participle
'''Eg :''' Οι  κληρωμένοι λαχνοί  ανακοινώθηκαν
The drawn lottery  tickets were announced
'''b)'''  gives a property to a noun, like an adjective, here for the explanation
Thus, the participle  could be both a form of the verb and an adjective, moreover the word  participle also means that it consists of two forms.
The inflections of the  Modern Greek adjectives derived from active and passive participles and some  participles from Ancient Greek verbs.
'''Eg :'''
'''1'''.Δε θέλω να τα δω  ανακατωμένα, όπως την προηγούμεναi φορά. :
I don't want it to be  seen mixed, like the previous time
'''2.''' Σήμερα ήμουν πολύ αγχωμένος στο σχολείο.
Today I was very  stressed in school
|}
=== '''The infinitive « απαρέμφατο »''' ===
The infinitive in the  Greek language is an intransitive verbal form which means: what does not  reveal the face of its subject.
The infinitive in  modern Greek is not used alone, but with the auxiliary verb "to  have" for the formation of completed verbal tenses:
'''eg''' :
'''έχει λύσει :''' 
it has solved
'''έχει γράψει''' :
it has written
'''έχει λυθεί :'''
it has been solved .
|-
|
=== '''Summary of All Tenses''' ===
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Παρελθοντικοί :'''
'''Grammatical tenses of past'''
|'''Παροντικοί :'''
'''Nature of the activity'''
|'''Μελλοντικοί :''' '''indicative mood « future »'''
|-
|'''Παρατατικός :'''
Past Continuous / imparfait
|'''Ενεστώτας :''' simple present / présent
|'''εξακολουθητικός  μέλλοντας :'''
future continuous / futur 
|-
|'''Αόριστος :'''
simple past / passé simple
|'''Παρακείμενος :'''
present perfect / passé composé
|'''στιγμιαίος μέλλοντας : simple future / futur proche'''
|-
|'''Υπερσυντέλικος :'''
past perfect / Plus-que-parfait
''' '''
''' '''
''' '''
''' '''
|''' '''
''' '''
''' '''
''' '''
''' '''
|'''συντελεσμένος  μέλλοντας :'''
future perfect / futur antérieur
''' '''
''' '''
''' ''' 
|}




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