Language/Sudanese-arabic/Grammar/Future-Tense
Hi Sudanese Arabic learners! ๐
In this lesson, we will learn about the future tense in Sudanese Arabic grammar. By the end of the lesson, you will be able to form basic sentences in the future tense using a few verbs that we will cover. We will also provide cultural information and interesting facts related to Sudanese Arabic. So, let's get started!
Introduction[edit | edit source]
The future tense is used to describe actions that will happen in the future. In Sudanese Arabic, the future tense is quite simple compared to other Arabic dialects. The future tense is formed by adding a particle before the verb. The particle for the future tense in Sudanese Arabic is "ูู" (h).
With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages: Adjectives & How to Use Have.
Forming the Future Tense[edit | edit source]
To form the future tense, you simply have to add "ูู" before the verb. For example:
| Sudanese Arabic | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ุญูุฑูุญ | ฤงarลซแธฅ | I will go |
| ุฑุงุญ ุชุฌูู | rฤแธฅ tajฤซ | You will come |
| ููููุฐููุจู | hฤแธhabลซ | They will leave |
As you can see in the examples above, the particle "ูู" is added before the verb. The verb stays in its present tense form.
Here's another example of how to form the future tense. This time we'll use the verb "ูููู" (kลซl) meaning 'to eat':
| Sudanese Arabic | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ุญููุฃููููู | ฤงakลซl | I will eat |
| ุฑุงุญ ุชููููููููุฃููู | rฤแธฅ ta'kl | You will eat |
| ููููููููููููุฃูููููููููููููู | hฤ'kลซlu | They will eat |
In Sudanese Arabic or any Arabic dialect, the future tense form of a verb stays the same regardless of the subject. For instance, "ุณูุฃููููููููููุฃููุชูุจ" (sรฅktab) means "I will write" while "ุณูููููููููููููุชููููููููููููููููููุชููุจ" (satktab) means "You will write". The verb "ูููููููููููุชูููููููููููููุจ" (ktรฅb) meaning 'to write' is used in both sentences irrespective of the subject.
Usage of the Future Tense[edit | edit source]
The future tense is used in Sudanese Arabic in a variety of situations. Here are a few examples:
1. Making Plans[edit | edit source]
The future tense is used while making plans to communicate your intentions. For example:
- Person 1: "ููููููู ู ูููุงุดูู ููุง ููููุฑููููููููุจุ" (hรฅww maลกฤซ wallรฅ yrkab?) meaning "Will he walk or ride?"
- Person 2: "ุฑุงุญ ูููุฑููููุจ" (rรฅแธฅ yrkab) meaning "He will ride."
2. Predicting the Future[edit | edit source]
The future tense is also used to predict future events. For instance:
- Person 1: "ุฅูููู ุงูุฃุฎูููุจูููููุงุฑ" (eรฏh el-รกkhbฤr) meaning "What's the news?"
- Person 2: "ุฑุงููููู ุญูููููุฃุฌูููููู" (rรฅhรฅw ฤงy'รฅji) meaning "He is coming back."
3. Expressing Intentions[edit | edit source]
In Sudanese Arabic, the future tense is also used to express intentions. For example:
- Person 1: "ุจุฅุฐู ุงููู ุจูููููููููุฑุง ูุงููููููู ูููููููููุงู" (bieรฐhen el-lรฅh bรถkra nรฅkรฅl hรฅnak) meaning "We'll eat there tomorrow, God willing."
- Person 2: "ุฑุงุญ ููููููุงููููู ููููููููุงู" (rรฅแธฅ nรฅkรฅl hรฅnak) meaning "We'll eat there."
Interesting Facts About Sudanese Arabic[edit | edit source]
Did you know that Sudanese Arabic is quite distinct from other Arabic dialects? In fact, it has its unique vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar. Throughout Sudanese history, different ethnic groups that came to Sudan for business and trade played a significant role in developing the Sudanese Arabic dialect.
Sudanese Arabic is spoken by over 70% of Sudan's population as their first language. It's also widely spoken in South Sudan and Chad, making it an important language in East and Central Africa. To learn more about Sudanese Arabic, you can check out the Find native speakers and ask them any questions.
Dialogue: Meera and Ahmad[edit | edit source]
To help you see how the future tense is used in context, here's a dialogue between two friends, Meera and Ahmad.
- Meera: "ุดูู ุงูุฎูููุทููููููุฉ ุจูููููุฑุงุ" (shลซ el-khaแนญa bokra?) meaning "What's the plan for tomorrow?"
- Ahmad: "ุญูููููููููุง ุงุฑูุญ ุงูุฌุงู ุนุฉุ" (ฤงรฅ 'rลซแธฅ el-jฤmฤซ'a?) meaning "Should I go to the university?"
- Meera: "ู ูููููููููุง ุชูููููููููููููููููโฆ ุฑุงุญ ุชููููููููููููููุฏุฑุณ" (ma tรฅk...rรฅแธฅ tadras) meaning "No...you will study."
Sources[edit | edit source]
- Sudanese Arabic - Wikipedia
- Arabic & Sudanese Arabic - Arabic Wikipedia Page
- Sudan Population - Worldometers
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