Language/Northern-uzbek/Grammar/Comparative-Adjectives

Comparative Adjectives. Sifat darajalari

Adjectives

Adjectives are words, which describe or modify another person or object in a given sentence. In Uzbek an adjective doesn’t change when the noun changes. In Uzbek, adjectives are usually placed before noun to make harmonious meaning: qizil qalam (red pencil), aqlli bola (smart child). Comparative degree of adjectives describes comparative quantity of the objects or subjects.

Comparative adjectives

Comparative adjectives are made by adding the suffix –ROQ to the core adjective.

For example:

• uzunroq (longer), qoraroq (blacker, darker)

Superlative adjectives are formed by adding the exaggerate words or particles like eng (very), juda (very), juda ham (greatly), nixoyatda (extremely) hammadan (the most) in front of the adjectives.

For example:

• nihoyatda uzun (extremely long), juda qora (very black, dark)

• Masalan: Menga kattaroq likopcha ber.- Give me a bigger plate!
• Bozordon eng shirin olmani olib keldim! - I brought the most sweetest apples from the marketplace.
• Bu eng shirin olma! – This is the sweetest apple!
• Issiq choy(dan) qo’ying – chi! – Pour the hot tea!
• Mening choyim senikidan issiqroq. – My tea is warmer than yours.
• Ehtiyot bo’ling, choy juda issiq! – Be careful, tea is very hot!

In addition to the above types of adjectives there are another two form of adjectives in Uzbek: Weaken (Ozaytirma) and Strengthen (Kuchaytirma) adjectives.

Weaken adjectives

Weaken adjectives describe less or light marks of the objects and subjects and formed with the use of suffixes: -gina, roq, -ish, ik.

For example:

• Oqish - whitish Yaxshigina – somewhat cute
• Achchiqqina – a little spicy Yoshroq – somewhat young
• Biroz kichik – a little bit small Sarg’ish - yellowish

Strengthen adjectives

Strengthen adjectives vice versa, increase or strengthen the mark.

For example:

• Ko’m-ko’k (osmon) – Bright blue (sky)
• Yam-yashil (o’tloq) – Bright green (grass)
• Qip-qizil (lola) – Bright red (tulip)
• Qop-qora (soch) – Deep dark (hair)
• Oppoq (un) – Bright white (flour)
• Kap-katta (bola) – grown boy

Sources

https://slaviccenters.duke.edu/sites/slaviccenters.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/uzbek.original.pdf

Other Lessons

• Orthographic rules
• Verbal nouns
• Past Tense
• Postpositions
• Conditional Mood
• Present Perfect Tense
• Adjectives
• Present Continuous Tense
• The verb KELMOQ – to come