Language/North-azerbaijani/Grammar/Conjunctions

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North Azerbaijani → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions and Conjunctions → Conjunctions

Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the topic of conjunctions in North Azerbaijani. Conjunctions are essential in connecting words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence. They help to establish relationships between different parts of a sentence and convey logical connections. By understanding conjunctions, you will be able to construct more complex and coherent sentences in North Azerbaijani. This lesson is designed for students who have already covered the basic grammar concepts and are ready to delve deeper into the intricacies of the language.

Throughout this lesson, we will discuss the different types of conjunctions in North Azerbaijani, including coordinating, subordinating, and correlative conjunctions. We will examine their forms, usage, and provide numerous examples to illustrate each point. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of conjunctions and share interesting cultural facts related to the topic.

By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of conjunctions in North Azerbaijani and be able to use them effectively in your speech and writing.

Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions are used to connect words, phrases, or independent clauses that are of equal importance within a sentence. They can be used to join nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or complete sentences. In North Azerbaijani, there are seven coordinating conjunctions: "və" (and), "amma" (but), "lakin" (however), "amma lakin" (but, however), "ya" (or), "ya da" (or), and "de" (so).

Let's take a closer look at each of these conjunctions and their usage:

"və" (and)

The conjunction "və" is used to connect two or more words, phrases, or clauses that are similar or related in meaning. It signifies a continuation or addition of information. Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Ali və Ayşə	[ali ve̞ ɑjʃe̞]	Ali and Ayşə
sürətli və təhlükəsiz	[su̞ɾe̞tli ve̞ tæhlyce̞si̞z]	fast and safe
Məktəbə getdik və oxuduğumuz	[mækte̞bæ getdik ve̞ o̞xuduğumuz]	We went to school and studied

"amma" (but)

The conjunction "amma" is used to express contrast or opposition between two ideas. It is often used to present a contradictory statement after a positive or affirmative statement. Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Gəl, amma qısa qal	[gæl, æmmæ qɯ̞sæ qɑl]	Come, but stay for a short time
Mən ağaçı sənə vermədim, amma sən almaq istəyirsən	[mæn æɣɑtʃɯ̞ sənæ ve̞ɾmædim, æmmæ sən ælmɑq istæjɯ̞ɾsæn]	I didn't give you the tree, but you want to buy it
Mən işə getdim, amma sən yatırsan	[mæn is̝æ getdim, æmmæ sən jætɯ̞ɾsæn]	I went to work, but you are sleeping

"lakin" (however)

The conjunction "lakin" is used to introduce a contrasting or contradictory statement. It is similar in meaning to "amma," but it is more formal and emphasizes the contrast between two ideas. Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
İndi uzaqda deyiləm, lakin yaxın da deyiləm	[indi u̞zɑqdɑ de̞jilæm, lækin jɑxɯ̞n dɑ de̞jilæm]	I'm not far now, but I'm not close either
Sən mənim dostumsan, lakin mən sənin dostun deyiləm	[sən mænim dostumsæn, lækin mæn sənin dostun de̞jilæm]	You are my friend, but I am not your friend

"amma lakin" (but, however)

The conjunction "amma lakin" is used to introduce a contradictory statement or to express a contrast between two ideas. It combines the meanings of "amma" and "lakin" and is commonly used in spoken language. Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Mən yemək istəyirəm, amma lakin aç deyiləm	[mæn jæmæk istæjɯ̞ɾæm, æmmæ lɑkin ætʃ de̞jilæm]	I want to eat, but I'm not hungry
Sənə mənəmə vermədim, amma lakin sən almaq istəyirsən	[sənæ mænæmæ ve̞ɾmædim, æmmæ lɑkin sən ælmɑq istæjɯ̞ɾsæn]	I didn't give it to you, but you want to buy it

"ya" (or)

The conjunction "ya" is used to present a choice or alternative between two or more options. It is similar in meaning to the English word "or." Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Gəl ya get	[gæl jɑ gæt]	Come or go
Məktəbə gedirik ya yoxsa işə	[mækte̞bæ gædiɾik jɑ joxsæ is̝æ]	We are going to school or to work
Sən buraya ya get, ya da mənə zəng et	[sən bu̞ɾæjæ jɑ gæt, jɑ dæ mænæ zæŋ æt]	Either come here or call me

"ya da" (or)

The conjunction "ya da" is also used to present a choice or alternative, similar to "ya." However, "ya da" is used when there are more than two options. Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Gəl, ya da get	[gæl, jɑ dæ gæt]	Come or go
Bu kitabı al ya da kirayə götür	[bu̞ kitæbɯ̞ æl jɑ dæ kiɾæjæ gøtʊɾ]	Buy this book or rent it
Sən dərsə gedirik, ya da sənə yardım edək	[sən dæɾs̝æ gædiɾik, jɑ dæ sənæ jæɾdæm edæk]	We are going to the lesson, or we can help you

"de" (so)

The conjunction "de" is used to express a consequence, purpose, or result. It is often used to indicate the reason or justification for an action or state. Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Bu kitabı oxu, de öyrənəcəksən	[bu̞ kitæbɯ̞ o̞xu, de̞ øjɾænædʒæksæn]	Read this book, so you will learn
Sən işıqları söndür, de yat	[sən is̝ɯ̞qlæɾɯ̞ sø̞n̞d̪uɾ, de̞ jæt]	Turn off the lights, so you can sleep
Mənə kömək et, de qal	[mænæ kø̞mæk e̞t, de̞ qɑl]	Help me, so you can stay

Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions are used to introduce dependent clauses, which cannot stand alone as complete sentences. These conjunctions establish a relationship between the dependent clause and the main clause, indicating time, cause, condition, concession, purpose, or result. In North Azerbaijani, there are several subordinating conjunctions, including "ki" (that), "ki" (because, since), "əgər" (if), "əgər ki" (if), "hər ki" (every time that), "səbəbdi ki" (because), and "müddəti ilə ki" (as long as).

Let's explore each of these subordinating conjunctions and their usage:

"ki" (that)

The subordinating conjunction "ki" is used to introduce a dependent clause that provides additional information or elaborates on the main clause. It is often used after verbs of thinking, saying, knowing, or perceiving. Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Bildim ki, sən gələcəksən	[bildim ki, sən gælædʒækʃæn]	I knew that you would come
Sən mənə dedin ki, gəl	[sən mænæ dedin ki, gæl]	You told me that you would come
Bilmirdim ki, o burada idi	[bilmirdim ki, o bu̞ɾædæ idi]	I didn't know that he was here

"ki" (because, since)

The subordinating conjunction "ki" can also be used to introduce a dependent clause that indicates the reason or cause for the main clause. It is similar in meaning to the English conjunctions "because" or "since." Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Getməliyəm, ki işim var	[getmælijæm, ki iʃim vɑɾ]	I have to go because I have work
İndi oxumaq mənim üçün əlamətdir, ki imtahanda uğurlu olum	[indi o̞xumæq mænim yutʃʊn ælæmetdiɾ, ki imtæhændæ uʁu̯u̯lu̯ o̞lum]	Studying now is important for me since I want to succeed in the exam
Sən bura gəl, ki burada çox maraqlı məkanlar var	[sən bu̞ɾæ gæl, ki bu̞ɾædæ tʃox mæɾɑqlɯ̞ məkænlæɾ vɑɾ]	Come here because there are many interesting places here

"əgər" (if)

The subordinating conjunction "əgər" is used to introduce a conditional clause. It indicates that the action or event in the main clause can only occur if the condition in the dependent clause is true. Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Əgər gəlirsən, sənə yemək verəcəm	[ægæɾ gæliɾs̝æn, sənæ jemæk ve̞ɾædʒæm]	If you come, I will give you food
Əgər ki, mən qazanırsam, sənə hədiyyə alacam	[ægæɾ ki, mæn qɑzænɯ̞ɾsæm, sənæ hædijæ ælædʒæm]	If I win, I will buy you a gift
Əgər qalmaq istəyirsinizsə, mənə bildirin	[ægæɾ qɑlmɑq istæjɯ̞ɾsinizsæ, mænæ bildiɾin]	If you want to stay, let me know

"əgər ki" (if)

The subordinating conjunction "əgər ki" is also used to introduce a conditional clause. It is similar in meaning to "əgər," but adds emphasis to the condition. Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Əgər ki, sən gəlirsən, mən də gələcəm	[ægæɾ ki, sən gæliɾs̝æn, mæn dæ gælædʒæm]	If you come, I will come too
Əgər ki, sənə lazım olsa, mən sənə kömək edərəm	[ægæɾ ki, sənæ læzɯ̞m o̞ls̝æ, mæn sənæ kø̞mæk edæɾæm]	If you need it, I will help you
Əgər ki, burada yer açılsın, mən biraz gözləyərəm	[ægæɾ ki, bu̞ɾædæ jæɾ ætʃɯ̞ls̝æn, mæn biɾɑz gö̞zlæjæɾæm]	If there is space available here, I will wait a bit

"hər ki" (every time that)

The subordinating conjunction "hər ki" is used to introduce a dependent clause that indicates a repeated or habitual action. It is similar in meaning to "every time that" in English. Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Hər ki gələrsən, mən səni gözləyəcəm	[hæɾ ki gælæɾs̝æn, mæn səni gö̞zlæjædʒæm]	Every time you come, I will wait for you
Hər ki qapıdan keçərsən, mən səni gərək gözləyəcəm	[hæɾ ki qɑpɯ̞dæn ke̞tʃæɾs̝æn, mæn səni gæɾæk gö̞zlæjædʒæm]	Every time you pass by the door, I will definitely wait for you
Hər ki uzaqda olsan da, mən səni düşünəcəm	[hæɾ ki u̞zɑqdæ o̞ls̝æn dæ, mæn səni dys̝ynædʒæm]	Every time you are far away, I will think of you

"səbəbdi ki" (because)

The subordinating conjunction "səbəbdi ki" is used to introduce a dependent clause that provides the reason or cause for the main clause. It is similar in meaning to "ki" (because) but adds emphasis to the reason. Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Səbəbdi ki, həyatım dəyişdi	[səbæbd̪i ki, hæjætɯ̞m d̪æjɯ̞ʃd̪i]	It was because of that my life changed
Səbəbdi ki, onunlə heç görüşməmişəm	[səbæbd̪i ki, on̞un̞lə he̞tʃ ɡœ̞ɾyʃmæmiʃæm]	It was because of that I haven't met with him yet
Səbəbdi ki, səninlə danışmaq istəyirəm	[səbæbd̪i ki, səninlə d̪æn̞ɯ̞ʃmæq istæjɯ̞ɾæm]	It is because of you that I want to talk

"müddəti ilə ki" (as long as)

The subordinating conjunction "müddəti ilə ki" is used to introduce a dependent clause that indicates a condition or requirement for the main clause to occur. It is similar in meaning to "as long as" in English. Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Müddəti ilə ki, mən burada olacam	[mʊd̪d̪æti i̯læ ki, mæn bu̞ɾæd̪æ o̞lædʒæm]	As long as you are here, I will stay
Müddəti ilə ki, sənə kömək edə bilərəm	[mʊd̪d̪æti i̯læ ki, sənæ kø̞mæk ed̪æ bilæɾæm]	As long as I can, I will help you
Müddəti ilə ki, işim bitməmişdir	[mʊd̪d̪æti i̯læ ki, iʃim bit̪mæmiʃdiɾ]	As long as my work is not finished

Correlative Conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions are used in pairs to join words, phrases, or clauses within a sentence. They establish a relationship between two or more elements and help to create a balanced and cohesive structure. In North Azerbaijani, there are several correlative conjunctions, including "neçə...neçə" (both...and), "ya...ya" (either...or), "ya...ya da" (either...or), "hem...hem də" (both...and), "hem də...hem də" (not only...but also), and "nə...nə" (neither...nor).

Let's explore each of these correlative conjunctions and their usage:

"neçə...neçə" (both...and)

The correlative conjunction "neçə...neçə" is used to join two elements that are related and occur together. It is similar in meaning to the English phrase "both...and." Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Neçə dostum, neçə də düşmənim var	[nætʃæ dost̪um, nætʃæ d̪æ dys̝mænim vɑɾ]	I have both friends and enemies
Neçə dil bilmək, neçə də mənəfətli ola bilər	[nætʃæ dil bilmæk, nætʃæ d̪æ mæn̞æfæt̪li o̞læ bilæɾ]	Knowing multiple languages can be both beneficial
Neçə kitab oxu, neçə də səbəbini anla	[nætʃæ kitæb o̞xu, nætʃæ d̪æ s̝æbæbin̞i ænlæ]	Read both books and understand the reasons

"ya...ya" (either...or)

The correlative conjunction "ya...ya" is used to present a choice or alternative between two elements. It is similar in meaning to the English phrase "either...or." Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Ya gələcəksən, ya da qalacaqsan	[jɑ gælædʒæksæn, jɑ d̪æ qælædʒæɾæksæn]	Either you will come or you will stay
Ya məktəbə get, ya da işə	[jɑ mækt̪æbæ gæt, jɑ d̪æ iʃæ]	Either go to school or go to work
Ya gərək oxu, ya da yaz	[jɑ gæɾæk o̞xu, jɑ d̪æ jɑz]	Either read or write

"ya...ya da" (either...or)

The correlative conjunction "ya...ya da" is also used to present a choice or alternative between two or more elements. It is similar in meaning to "ya...ya" but is used when there are more than two options. Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Ya gəl, ya da get	[jɑ gæl, jɑ d̪æ gæt]	Either come or go
Ya kitabı al, ya da kirayə götür	[jɑ kit̪æbɯ̞ æl, jɑ d̪æ kɪɾæjæ gøtʊɾ]	Either buy the book or rent it
Ya dərslərə get, ya da sənə kömək edək	[jɑ d̪æɾslæɾæ gæt, jɑ d̪æ sənæ kø̞mæk ed̪æk]	Either go to the lessons or we can help you

"hem...hem də" (both...and)

The correlative conjunction "hem...hem də" is used to join two elements that occur together and are not mutually exclusive. It is similar in meaning to the English phrase "both...and." Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Hem dostum, hem də məşqçim buradadır	[hem dost̪um, hem d̪æ mæʃqʧim bu̞ɾæd̪æd̪ɯ̞ɾ]	Both my friend and my coach are here
Hem yemək yedim, hem də içki	[hem jemæk jædim, hem d̪æ itʃki]	I ate both food and drank alcohol
Hem kitab oxu, hem də məqalə yaz	[hem kit̪æb o̞xu, hem d̪æ mæqælæ jɑz]	Both read books and write articles

"hem də...hem də" (not only...but also)

The correlative conjunction "hem də...hem də" is used to join two elements that occur together and emphasize their coexistence. It is similar in meaning to the English phrase "not only...but also." Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Hem də dostum, hem də düşmənim var	[hem d̪æ dost̪um, hem d̪æ dys̝mænim vɑɾ]	Not only do I have friends, but I also have enemies
Hem də oxuyuram, hem də işləyirəm	[hem d̪æ o̞xu̯ujɯ̞ɾæm, hem d̪æ iʃlæjɯ̞ɾæm]	Not only do I study, but I also work
Hem də kitab oxuyuram, hem də məqalələr yazıram	[hem d̪æ kit̪æb o̞xujɯ̞ɾæm, hem d̪æ mæqælælæɾ jɑzɯ̞ɾæm]	Not only do I read books, but I also write articles

"nə...nə" (neither...nor)

The correlative conjunction "nə...nə" is used to express the negative form of "both...and." It indicates that neither of the elements mentioned occurs. It is similar in meaning to the English phrase "neither...nor." Here are some examples:

Examples:

North Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
Nə dostum, nə də düşmənim var	[næ dys̝t̪um, næ d̪æ dys̝mænim vɑɾ]	I have neither friends nor enemies
Nə kitab oxuyuram, nə də məqalə yazıram	[næ kit̪æb o̞xujɯ̞ɾæm, næ d̪æ mæqælæ jɑzɯ̞ɾæm]	I neither read books nor write articles
Nə məktəbə gedirəm, nə də işə	[næ mækt̪æbæ gædiɾæm, næ d̪æ iʃæ]	I neither go to school nor go to work

Cultural Insights

In North Azerbaijani culture, the use of conjunctions reflects the values and communication style of the people. The language places a strong emphasis on clarity and logical connections between ideas. Conjunctions help to establish these connections and ensure that the meaning of a sentence is conveyed accurately. North Azerbaijani speakers often prefer to use coordinating conjunctions to join words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence, as it allows them to express different ideas with precision and coherence.

Additionally, the use of correlative conjunctions in North Azerbaijani reflects the cultural emphasis on balance and harmony. North Azerbaijani speakers appreciate the symmetry and structure that correlative conjunctions provide in a sentence. By using pairs of conjunctions, they create a sense of completeness and unity in their communication.

It is also worth noting that the choice of conjunctions can vary slightly between different regions of North Azerbaijan. Some regions may have slight variations in the usage or understanding of certain conjunctions, influenced by local dialects or historical factors. These regional variations add richness and diversity to the language, showcasing the cultural heritage of different communities within North Azerbaijan.

Practice Exercises

Now, let's apply what we have learned about conjunctions in North Azerbaijani through some practice exercises. Choose the appropriate conjunction to complete each sentence.

Exercise 1: Coordinating Conjunctions 1. Ali ___ Ayşə gəlir. (Ali and Ayşə are coming.) 2. Sürətli ___ təhlükəsiz get. (Go fast and safely.) 3. Məktəbə getdik ___ oxuduğumuz. (We went to school and studied.)

Exercise 2: Subordinating Conjunctions 1. Bildim ___, sən gələcəksən. (I knew that you would come.) 2. Getməliyəm, ___ işim var. (I have to go because I have work.) 3. Əgər ki, mən qazanırsam, ___ sənə hədiyyə alacam. (If I win, I will buy you a gift.)

Exercise 3: Correlative Conjunctions 1. Neçə dostum, ___ düşmənim var. (I have both friends and enemies.) 2. Ya gələcəksən, ___ qalacaqsan. (Either you will come or you will stay.) 3. Hem dostum, ___ məşqçim buradadır. (Both my friend and my coach are here.)

Solutions: Exercise 1: 1. və 2. və 3. və

Exercise 2: 1. ki 2. ki 3. əgər ki

Exercise 3: 1. hem də 2. ya 3. hem də

Conclusion

In this lesson, we have explored the topic of conjunctions in North Azerbaijani. We have learned about coordinating, subordinating, and correlative conjunctions and their usage in the language. By understanding the different types of conjunctions, you will be able to create more complex and coherent sentences in North Azerbaijani.

Remember to practice using conjunctions in your speech and writing to reinforce your understanding of the topic. As you continue your language learning journey, pay attention to the use of conjunctions in native North Azerbaijani speakers' conversations and writings. This will help you further develop your skills and fluency in the language.

Congratulations on completing this lesson on conjunctions in North Azerbaijani! You are one step closer to becoming proficient in the language and reaching your goal of achieving an A1 level. Keep up the great work!

Table of Contents - North Azerbaijani Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Alphabet and Pronunciation

• North Azerbaijani Alphabet
• Basic Pronunciation Rules

  ---

Numbers and Time

• Numbers 1-10
• Telling Time

  ---

Nouns and Pronouns

• Nouns
• Pronouns

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationships

  ---

Verbs and Tenses

• Present Tense
• Past Tense

  ---

Food and Dining

• Common Foods
• Eating Out

  ---

Adjectives and Adverbs

• Adjectives
• Adverbs

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Travel Phrases

  ---

Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Prepositions
• Conjunctions

  ---

Hobbies and Leisure Activities

• Hobbies
• Leisure Activities

  ---

Questions and Negation

• Asking Questions
• Negation

  ---

North Azerbaijani Culture

• Traditions and Celebrations
• Food and Cuisine

Other Lessons

• Past tense verbs
• Past Tense
• Pronouns
• Asking Questions
• Adverbs
• Nouns and gender
• Adjectives
• 0 to A1 Course
• Pronouns and verb to be

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