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🕒 How do you Express the Past in Iranian Persian?


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Hanansjs profile picture HanansjsSeptember 2022
In Iran, the past is expressed with the verbs ”bod” and ”shod”.
nimafarid2007 profile picture nimafarid2007April 2023
In Persian, verbs have two roots, a present root and a past root. Half of the past roots follow a pattern, quite a lot are irregular and you just need to learn them.

Once you know the root, you conjugate by adding these suffixes (in ”standard” Persian. Local dialects may differ)
1sg: -am
2sg: -i
3sg: ∅
1pl: -im
2pl: -in
3pl: -and

A common pattern to forming the past root is by adding ”-id” to the end. examples:
”khand-” -> ”khandid-” (laugh)
”raqs-” -> ”raqsid-” (dance)

one syllable verbs ending in ”-in”, the ”-in” is removed, ”-id” is added
”chin-” -> ”chid-’ (to pick fruit from tree, or to place things like on a table)
”rin-” -> ”rid-” (to defecate, it’s a vulgar verb, don’t use it )

verbs ending in ”-ân”, you’d add ”-d” to them
”khân-” -> ”khând-” (to read)
”mân-” -> ”mând-” (to stay)

verbs ending in ”-z”, you’d remove the ”-z” and add ”-kht”
”sâz-” -> ”sâkht-” (build)
”bâz-” -> ”bâkht” (lose, like in a game)

verbs ending in ”-âr”, you’d remove the ”-âr” and add ”-âsht”
”dâr-” -> ”dâsht” (have)
”kâr-” -> ”kâsht” (to farm or plant)

and patterns and such like this... ask away if there’s any specific verb you have in mind.

irregular but commonly used ones are
”hast-” -> ”bud” (to be verb)
”shav-” -> ”shod-” (to become)
Asishi profile picture AsishiApril 2023
You should learn it step by step
sundaughter_1996 profile picture sundaughter_1996November 2022
The main verbs are changed in a different way to show that the verb was done in the past. It is exactly like English verbs such as send, whose past tense is sent.
But the auxiliary verbs and tobe become the following:
”bood”
”shod”
”gasht”
”gardid”