Corrections

Text from Julianastender - English

  • Development of a Sildenafil Citrate Microemulsion-Loaded Hydrog

  • The paper that is critical analysed and evaluated further on in this document is about Development of a Sildenafil Citrate Microemulsion-Loaded Hydrogel as a Potential System for Drug Delivery to the Penis and Its Cellular Metabolic Mechanism.
  • The discovery of Sildenafil began in 1980 through a research programme developed by Pfizer in Sandwich in the United Kingdom (A.
  • Ghofrani et al. 2006).
  • In the same place, several vasodilators were discovered, for example, prazosin (Minipress), doxazosin (Cardura) and amlodipine (Norvasc).
  • After exploring PDE5 as a target for several cardiovascular disorders, mainly hypertension and Angina, (K. Terrett, S.
    • Bell, Brown and Ellis, 1998), they discovered that PDE5 was the dominant hydrolysis pre-enzyme in the cytosolic fraction of the cavernous human body and suggested that one of its synthesised inhibitors, Sildenafil, which is a potent, selective inhibitor PDE5 may be useful as an oral medicine in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
    • Sildenafil Citrate is known as a PDE5 enzyme-inhibiting drug.
    • PDE5 is responsible for the degradation of cGMP in the cavernous body of the penis.
    • The molecular structure of Sildenafil is very similar to cGMP, this ends up causing a mechanism of competition for PDE5.
    • Sildenafil then binds to PDE5, which causes cGMP to circulate more. cGMP induces several reactions that cause a decrease in the amount of intracellular calcium and promote smooth muscle relaxation and improvement in blood flow and, consequently, penile erection.
    • They said in the article that oral sildenafil has low availability and many side effects, for this reason, the authors and researchers have formulated a hydrogel microemulsion system to administer sildenafil transdermally.
    • According Smith II et al., 2013, adverse effects most often reported with the use of PDE5 medications are: headache, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, visual disturbance and myalgia.
  • Visual disturbances are almost exclusively associated with sildenafil, and back pain with tadalafil.
    • In the same article, the authors say that sildenafil is only available in the form of pills and that some studies show that PDE-inhibiting drugs can be administered topically.
    • One of the important aspects in pharmaceutical technology is the existence of the interaction of drugs with interfaces of supramolecular aggregates in compounds that are amphiphilic.
    • This aspect is relevant due to the biological changes that take place in the presence of these compounds in pharmaceutical formulas.
  • For Baek and Cho, 2015 there are few studies done in the area of transdermal delivery system (TDDS).
    • TDDS is an attractive alternative to traditional oral and hypodermic delivery, as it overcomes the limitation of first-pass hepatic metabolism found by oral administration and has many advantages, such as safe, painless and easy to use, in contrast to intravenous injection.
    • With this in mind, the authors of the article formulated a microemulsion using isopropyl myristate, tween 80, PEG400, and water (30: 20: 40: 10) with 2% hydrogel w / w poloxamer 188.
    • This would be a good alternative to oral administration.
    • What attracted the researchers was the many advantages of micro emulsions such as thermodynamic stability, spontaneous formation, greater availability, appearance, penetration through biological membranes.
    • They wanted to test different formulations for the microemulsion system and see which would be the most suitable in terms of solubility, spreadability, concentration, permeability, toxicity and other variants.
    • Delivery of drugs directly to the penis in a controlled manner would be a good option for men who cannot for some reason use oral medications, such as men who have many adverse effects.
    • The authors also took into account the fact that topical therapy in comparison with systemic therapy is less effective, which is an important limitation, especially in more severe cases.
    • In the article evaluated in this dissertation, the researchers used a system of transdermal delivery system.
    • It was made and analysed in the following steps: visual inspection, particle size, pH, spread ability, cell membrane permeability, sildenafil drug content and viscosity.
    • It is very important to have knowledge about the mechanism of action of sildenafil to understand how to evaluate drug efficacy or how to develop formulations systems.
    • In my personal opinion, the idea of develop a Sildenafil Micro emulsion is very good idea because in the market there is not transdermal formulation of sildenafil till date and has a good potency because take ral medicine brings different types of adverse effects, allergic reactions or interactions with other medications or long-term adverse effects., also, topic medicines have a lot advantages if we compare it with oral medicine, like I already wrote about above.
    • A micro emulsion is easy to apply and easy to the patients understand how to administer it by themselves, besides being a way to administer a drug in a contr

PLEASE, HELP TO CORRECT EACH SENTENCE! - English

  • Title
  • Sentence 1
    • The paper that is critical analysed and evaluated further on in this document is about Development of a Sildenafil Citrate Microemulsion-Loaded Hydrogel as a Potential System for Drug Delivery to the Penis and Its Cellular Metabolic Mechanism.
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    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 1ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 1
  • Sentence 2
    • The discovery of Sildenafil began in 1980 through a research programme developed by Pfizer in Sandwich in the United Kingdom (A.
      Vote now!
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 2ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 2
  • Sentence 3
  • Sentence 4
    • In the same place, several vasodilators were discovered, for example, prazosin (Minipress), doxazosin (Cardura) and amlodipine (Norvasc).
      Vote now!
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 4ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 4
  • Sentence 5
  • Sentence 6
    • Bell, Brown and Ellis, 1998), they discovered that PDE5 was the dominant hydrolysis pre-enzyme in the cytosolic fraction of the cavernous human body and suggested that one of its synthesised inhibitors, Sildenafil, which is a potent, selective inhibitor PDE5 may be useful as an oral medicine in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
      Vote now!
    • Bell, Brown and Ellis, 1998), theyit was discovered that PDE5 was the dominant hydrolysis pre-enzyme in the cytosolic fraction of the cavernous human body and suggested that one of its synthesised inhibitors, Sildenafil, which is a potent, selective inhibitor PDE5 mayight be useful as an oral medicineation in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 6ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 6
  • Sentence 7
  • Sentence 8
  • Sentence 9
    • The molecular structure of Sildenafil is very similar to cGMP, this ends up causing a mechanism of competition for PDE5.
      Vote now!
    • The molecular structure of Sildenafil is very similar to cGMP, this ends upthereby causing a mechanism of competition mechanism for PDE5.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 9ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 9
  • Sentence 10
    • Sildenafil then binds to PDE5, which causes cGMP to circulate more. cGMP induces several reactions that cause a decrease in the amount of intracellular calcium and promote smooth muscle relaxation and improvement in blood flow and, consequently, penile erection.
      Vote now!
    • Sildenafil then binds to PDE5, which in turn causes cGMP to further circulate more. cGMP induces several reactions that cause a decrease in the amount of intracellular calcium and promote smooth muscle relaxation and, improvement in blood flow and, consequently, penile erection.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 10ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 10
  • Sentence 11
    • They said in the article that oral sildenafil has low availability and many side effects, for this reason, the authors and researchers have formulated a hydrogel microemulsion system to administer sildenafil transdermally.
      Vote now!
    • They said in the article stated that oral sildenafil has low availability and many side effects, f. For this reason, the authors and researchers have formulated a hydrogel microemulsion system to administer sildenafil transdermally.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 11ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 11
  • Sentence 12
    • According Smith II et al., 2013, adverse effects most often reported with the use of PDE5 medications are: headache, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, visual disturbance and myalgia.
      Vote now!
    • According Smith II et al., 2013, adverse side effects most often reported with then useing of PDE5 medications are: headache, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, visual disturbance and myalgia.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 12ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 12
  • Sentence 13
  • Sentence 14
    • In the same article, the authors say that sildenafil is only available in the form of pills and that some studies show that PDE-inhibiting drugs can be administered topically.
      Vote now!
    • In the same article, the authors saytate that sildenafil is only available in the form of pills and thatwhereas some studies showdemonstrate that PDE-inhibiting drugs can be administered topically.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 14ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 14
  • Sentence 15
    • One of the important aspects in pharmaceutical technology is the existence of the interaction of drugs with interfaces of supramolecular aggregates in compounds that are amphiphilic.
      Vote now!
    • One of the important aspects to be considered in pharmaceutical technology is the existence of the interaction of drugs with interfaces of supramolecular aggregates in compounds that are amphiphilic.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 15ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 15
  • Sentence 16
    • This aspect is relevant due to the biological changes that take place in the presence of these compounds in pharmaceutical formulas.
      Vote now!
    • This aspect is relevant due to the biological changes that take place in the presence of these compounds in pharmaceutical formulations.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 16ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 16
  • Sentence 17
  • Sentence 18
    • TDDS is an attractive alternative to traditional oral and hypodermic delivery, as it overcomes the limitation of first-pass hepatic metabolism found by oral administration and has many advantages, such as safe, painless and easy to use, in contrast to intravenous injection.
      Vote now!
    • TDDS is an attractive alternative to traditional oral and hypodermic delivery, as it overcomes the limitation of first-pass hepatic metabolism found byresulting from oral administration and has many advantages, such asbeing safe, painless and easy to use, in contrast to intravenous injection.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 18ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 18
  • Sentence 19
    • With this in mind, the authors of the article formulated a microemulsion using isopropyl myristate, tween 80, PEG400, and water (30: 20: 40: 10) with 2% hydrogel w / w poloxamer 188.
      Vote now!
    • WithBearing this in mind, the authors of the article formulated a microemulsion using isopropyl myristate, tween 80, PEG400, and water (30: 20: 40: 10) with 2% hydrogel w / w poloxamer 188.,
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 19ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 19
  • Sentence 20
  • Sentence 21
    • What attracted the researchers was the many advantages of micro emulsions such as thermodynamic stability, spontaneous formation, greater availability, appearance, penetration through biological membranes.
      Vote now!
    • What attracted theOf considerable interest to researchers was the many advantages of micro emulsions such as thermodynamic stability, spontaneous formation, greater availability, appearance, penetration through biological membranes.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 21ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 21
  • Sentence 22
    • They wanted to test different formulations for the microemulsion system and see which would be the most suitable in terms of solubility, spreadability, concentration, permeability, toxicity and other variants.
      Vote now!
    • They wantedConsequently, there was an impetus to test different formulations for the microemulsion system and sein order to determine which would be the most suitable in terms of solubility, spreadability, concentration, permeability, toxicity and other vpariantameters.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 22ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 22
  • Sentence 23
    • Delivery of drugs directly to the penis in a controlled manner would be a good option for men who cannot for some reason use oral medications, such as men who have many adverse effects.
      Vote now!
    • Delivery of drugs directly to the penis in a controlled manner would be a good option for men who cannot for some reason use oral medications, such as men who havethose who suffer many adverse side effects.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 23ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 23
  • Sentence 24
    • The authors also took into account the fact that topical therapy in comparison with systemic therapy is less effective, which is an important limitation, especially in more severe cases.
      Vote now!
    • The authors also took into account the fact that topical therapy in comparison with systemic therapy is less effective, which is an important limitation, especially in more severe cases.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 24ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 24
  • Sentence 25
  • Sentence 26
    • It was made and analysed in the following steps: visual inspection, particle size, pH, spread ability, cell membrane permeability, sildenafil drug content and viscosity.
      Vote now!
    • ItThis was made and analysed invia the following steps: visual inspection, particle size, pH, spread ability, cell membrane permeability, sildenafil drug content and viscosity.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 26ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 26
  • Sentence 27
    • It is very important to have knowledge about the mechanism of action of sildenafil to understand how to evaluate drug efficacy or how to develop formulations systems.
      Vote now!
    • It is very important to have knowledge about the mechanism of action of sildenafil so as to understand how to evaluate drug efficacy or how to develop formulations systems.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 27ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 27
  • Sentence 28
    • In my personal opinion, the idea of develop a Sildenafil Micro emulsion is very good idea because in the market there is not transdermal formulation of sildenafil till date and has a good potency because take ral medicine brings different types of adverse effects, allergic reactions or interactions with other medications or long-term adverse effects., also, topic medicines have a lot advantages if we compare it with oral medicine, like I already wrote about above.
      Vote now!
    • In my personal opinion, the idea of develop a Sildenafil Micro emulsion is very good idea because in the market there is not transdermal formulation of sildenafil till date and has a goodon the market up to the present time. There is significant potencytial because take oral medicine bringsations bring about different types of adverse effects, and allergic reactions or interactions with other medications orand can cause long-term adverse effects., also Additionally, topical medicineations have a lotmany advantages if wewhen compare itd with oral medicine, like I already wrote aboutations, as described above.
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 28ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 28
  • Sentence 29
    • A micro emulsion is easy to apply and easy to the patients understand how to administer it by themselves, besides being a way to administer a drug in a contr
      Vote now!
    • A micro emulsion is easy to apply and easy to the patients understand how to administer it by themselves, simple for patients to self-administer. (besides being a way to administer a drug in a contr.... ??????????)
    • ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 29ADD a NEW CORRECTION! - Sentence 29