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🕒 How do we Express the Future in Ancient Greek (to 1453)?


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Marianth profile picture MarianthMay 2022
The future tense (Greek μέλλων (méllōn = going to be) describes an event or a state of affairs that will happen in the future. For example, it can be something promised or predicted.
The future exists in all moods, except the subjunctive and the imperative. Also, there is a passive future. Τhe forms used for the future tense they are related to the present tense forms.

- οριστική ενεστώτα : λύ-ω (free, loosen) present indicative (active)
- οριστική μέλλοντα / future indicative : λύ-σ-ω
- Οριστική μέλλοντα μέσης φωνής / future indicative Middle :
λύσομαι

α ) It is characterized by a suffix – s – followed by thematic conjugation endings.

β) Some verbs do not have the suffix – σ –, but the same conjugation as a present contracts in – έω: these are verbs having a suffix in the present – ίζω , or whose radical ends in λ, ν or ρ:

- Οριστική ενεστώτα : νομ-ίζω (think, believe )
- Οριστική μέλλοντα : νομιῶ and νομίσω

γ) Verbs that are contracted in the present tense have in the aorist and future a lengthening of the stem-final vowel (α and ε ⇒ η, ο ⇒ ω).

δ ) sometimes verbs whose present stem ends in a vowel: Pres. καλέω (appeal to ) ⇒ (verb contracted), Future: καλέσω / καλῶ