Difference between revisions of "Language/Tamil/Grammar/Cases"
m (Quick edit) |
|||
(3 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[File:Tamil-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]] | [[File:Tamil-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]] | ||
<div | <div class="pg_page_title"> TAMIL CASES</div> | ||
== TAMIL Cases == | == TAMIL Cases == | ||
Some special suffixes in Tamil are called case suffixes. There are about 7 case suffixes, and they are only added to names. Each has a different meaning. Examples of meanings of some case suffixes include "to" / "in", "for" / "to" and "from". In a sentence, words that have case suffixes usually appear after the noun but before the adverb. | Some special suffixes in Tamil are called case suffixes. There are about 7 case suffixes, and they are only added to names. Each has a different meaning. Examples of meanings of some case suffixes include "to" / "in", "for" / "to" and "from". In a sentence, words that have case suffixes usually appear after the noun but before the adverb. | ||
===Video: Basic Tamil Grammar - வேற்றுமை - Intro to Tamil Cases=== | |||
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PJmafm3KZA</youtube> | |||
== Case Suffixes == | == Case Suffixes == | ||
Adding case suffixes is the second case where the word changes before adding a suffix. The first was when creating plural nouns. | Adding case suffixes is the second case where the word changes before adding a suffix. The first was when creating plural nouns. | ||
Adding Case Suffixes: | Adding Case Suffixes: | ||
Line 17: | Line 18: | ||
** change -டு to ட்ட் or -று to ற்ற் and add the case suffix for any other word | ** change -டு to ட்ட் or -று to ற்ற் and add the case suffix for any other word | ||
* If the word ends in -ம்: drop the -ம், add த்த், and add the case suffix | * If the word ends in -ம்: drop the -ம், add த்த், and add the case suffix | ||
Remember that a consonant is a letter that does not have a vowel (eg க், ங், etc.). | Remember that a consonant is a letter that does not have a vowel (eg க், ங், etc.). | ||
Line 70: | Line 70: | ||
அது changes very irregularly when adding case suffixes. | அது changes very irregularly when adding case suffixes. | ||
===Nominative=== | |||
=== | |||
When the noun ends with ‘m’ sound , the ‘m’ sound is removed and ‘th’ sound is added .Nominative case has an unmarked suffix. | When the noun ends with ‘m’ sound , the ‘m’ sound is removed and ‘th’ sound is added .Nominative case has an unmarked suffix. | ||
====Example==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Tamil | |||
!English | |||
|- | |- | ||
|சிங்கத்தை கொன்றான் / சிங்கம் + கொன்றான் | |சிங்கத்தை கொன்றான் / சிங்கம் + கொன்றான் | ||
Line 89: | Line 85: | ||
|} | |} | ||
===== | ====Video: Tamil Grammar - முதலாம் வேற்றுமை - Nominative Case==== | ||
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KqTrLyfaEQ</youtube> | |||
===Accusative=== | |||
If the noun or the pronoun is used as the object of the verb, then it becomes '''Accusative case'''. It is also called an '''Objective case'''. It is optional only if it is a non-human object. '''ஐ (ai)''' is added at the end of the noun. | If the noun or the pronoun is used as the object of the verb, then it becomes '''Accusative case'''. It is also called an '''Objective case'''. It is optional only if it is a non-human object. '''ஐ (ai)''' is added at the end of the noun. | ||
====Example==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Tamil | |||
!English | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ராமனைக் கண்டேன் / ராமன் + கண்டேன் | |ராமனைக் கண்டேன் / ராமன் + கண்டேன் | ||
Line 103: | Line 102: | ||
|She sings a song | |She sings a song | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Video: Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Accusative Case==== | |||
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PJmafm3KZA</youtube> | |||
=== | ===Associative=== | ||
Associative case has ஓடு (odu) as a suffix.Sometimes also replaced by உடன் (udan). | Associative case has ஓடு (odu) as a suffix.Sometimes also replaced by உடன் (udan). | ||
====Example==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Tamil | |||
!English | |||
|- | |- | ||
|இறைவனோடு பேசுவேன் / இறைவன் + பேசுவேன் | |இறைவனோடு பேசுவேன் / இறைவன் + பேசுவேன் | ||
Line 117: | Line 119: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | ===Instrumental=== | ||
Instrumental case has ஆல் (al) .Sometimes also replaced by கொண்டு (kondu). | Instrumental case has ஆல் (al) .Sometimes also replaced by கொண்டு (kondu). | ||
====Example==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Tamil | |||
!English | |||
|- | |- | ||
|வில்லால் வென்றான் / வில் + வென்றான் | |வில்லால் வென்றான் / வில் + வென்றான் | ||
Line 130: | Line 133: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | ===Dative=== | ||
Dative case has a suffix உக்கு (ukku) .Sometimes also replaced with அக்கு (akku) | Dative case has a suffix உக்கு (ukku) .Sometimes also replaced with அக்கு (akku). | ||
====Example==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Tamil | |||
!English | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ஆசைக்கு அளவில்லை / ஆசை + அளவில்லை | |ஆசைக்கு அளவில்லை / ஆசை + அளவில்லை | ||
Line 143: | Line 147: | ||
|} | |} | ||
===== | ====Video: Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Dative Case==== | ||
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsyQwV-2Xiw</youtube> | |||
===Genetive=== | |||
Genetive case has அது ( athu ) as a suffix.Sometimes replaced with உடைய (udaya). | Genetive case has அது ( athu ) as a suffix.Sometimes replaced with உடைய (udaya). | ||
====Example==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Tamil | |||
!English | |||
|- | |- | ||
|எனது ஆடை / என் + ஆடை | |எனது ஆடை / என் + ஆடை | ||
Line 156: | Line 164: | ||
|} | |} | ||
===== | ====Video: Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Genitive Case==== | ||
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDoTn92cqE</youtube> | |||
===Locative=== | |||
Locative case has a suffix இல் (il).Sometimes for the noun , it has a suffix இடம் (idam). | Locative case has a suffix இல் (il).Sometimes for the noun , it has a suffix இடம் (idam). | ||
====Example==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Tamil Sentence | |||
!English Meanings | |||
|- | |- | ||
|கிணற்றில் நீர் இருக்கிறது / கிணறு + நீர் + இருக்கிறது | |கிணற்றில் நீர் இருக்கிறது / கிணறு + நீர் + இருக்கிறது | ||
Line 169: | Line 181: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | ===Vocative=== | ||
Vocative has the suffix ஏ (ee). | Vocative has the suffix ஏ (ee). | ||
====Example==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Tamil Sentence | |||
!English Meanings | |||
| | | | ||
|உண்மையே வெல்லும் / உண்மை + வெல்லும் | |உண்மையே வெல்லும் / உண்மை + வெல்லும் | ||
|Truth Triumphs | |Truth Triumphs | ||
Line 181: | Line 194: | ||
|Fear is evil | |Fear is evil | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
Line 202: | Line 201: | ||
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KqTrLyfaEQ | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KqTrLyfaEQ | ||
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDoTn92cqE | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDoTn92cqE | ||
* https://ilearntamil.com/tamil-grammar/ | |||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/That,-This,-and-Question-Words|That, This, and Question Words]] | |||
* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Negation|Negation]] | |||
* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Continuous-tense|Continuous tense]] | |||
* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Negatives|Negatives]] | |||
* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Past-tense|Past tense]] | |||
* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]] | |||
* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]] | |||
* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Present-Tense|Present Tense]] | |||
* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Questions|Questions]] | |||
* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Plural-Noun-Suffix-Addition|Plural Noun Suffix Addition]] | |||
* [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/Adjective-(பெயரடை)|Adjective (பெயரடை)]] | |||
<span links></span> |
Latest revision as of 14:00, 27 March 2023
TAMIL Cases[edit | edit source]
Some special suffixes in Tamil are called case suffixes. There are about 7 case suffixes, and they are only added to names. Each has a different meaning. Examples of meanings of some case suffixes include "to" / "in", "for" / "to" and "from". In a sentence, words that have case suffixes usually appear after the noun but before the adverb.
Video: Basic Tamil Grammar - வேற்றுமை - Intro to Tamil Cases[edit | edit source]
Case Suffixes[edit | edit source]
Adding case suffixes is the second case where the word changes before adding a suffix. The first was when creating plural nouns.
Adding Case Suffixes:
- If the word ends in -டு or -று:
- add the case suffix using the [basic set of suffix addtion rules] if:
- the word is made of two short letters
- the final -டு or -று is preceded by a consonant
- change -டு to ட்ட் or -று to ற்ற் and add the case suffix for any other word
- add the case suffix using the [basic set of suffix addtion rules] if:
- If the word ends in -ம்: drop the -ம், add த்த், and add the case suffix
Remember that a consonant is a letter that does not have a vowel (eg க், ங், etc.).
Pronouns change uniquely before adding the suffix:
Case Suffixes - Word Changes | |||
---|---|---|---|
Word | Change before adding case suffix | Word | Change Before Adding Case Suffix |
நான் | என்- | நாம் | நம்- |
நாங்கள் | எங்கள்- | ||
நீ | உந் | நீங்கள் | உங்கள்- |
நீங்கள் | உங்கள்- | ||
அவன் | அவன்- | அவர்கள் | அவர்கள்- |
அவள் | அவள்- | ||
அவர் | அவர்- | ||
அது | அத்-/அதன்- | அவை | அவற்று- |
Word | Change Before Adding Case Suffix | ||
எல்லாம் | எல்லாவற்ற்- |
அது changes very irregularly when adding case suffixes.
Nominative[edit | edit source]
When the noun ends with ‘m’ sound , the ‘m’ sound is removed and ‘th’ sound is added .Nominative case has an unmarked suffix.
Example[edit | edit source]
Tamil | English |
---|---|
சிங்கத்தை கொன்றான் / சிங்கம் + கொன்றான் | He Killed the Lion |
மரத்தை வெட்டினான் / மரம் + வெட்டினான் | He cut the tree |
Video: Tamil Grammar - முதலாம் வேற்றுமை - Nominative Case[edit | edit source]
Accusative[edit | edit source]
If the noun or the pronoun is used as the object of the verb, then it becomes Accusative case. It is also called an Objective case. It is optional only if it is a non-human object. ஐ (ai) is added at the end of the noun.
Example[edit | edit source]
Tamil | English |
---|---|
ராமனைக் கண்டேன் / ராமன் + கண்டேன் | I saw Raman |
பாட்டுப் பாடுகிறாள் / பாட்டு + பாடுகிறாள் | She sings a song |
Video: Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Accusative Case[edit | edit source]
Associative[edit | edit source]
Associative case has ஓடு (odu) as a suffix.Sometimes also replaced by உடன் (udan).
Example[edit | edit source]
Tamil | English |
---|---|
இறைவனோடு பேசுவேன் / இறைவன் + பேசுவேன் | I will talk with God |
குடத்துடன் வந்தாள் / குடம் + வந்தாள் | She came with a pot |
Instrumental[edit | edit source]
Instrumental case has ஆல் (al) .Sometimes also replaced by கொண்டு (kondu).
Example[edit | edit source]
Tamil | English |
---|---|
வில்லால் வென்றான் / வில் + வென்றான் | Won with a bow |
அறிவைக் கொண்டு ஆளலாம் / அறிவு + ஆளலாம் | Rule with knowledge |
Dative[edit | edit source]
Dative case has a suffix உக்கு (ukku) .Sometimes also replaced with அக்கு (akku).
Example[edit | edit source]
Tamil | English |
---|---|
ஆசைக்கு அளவில்லை / ஆசை + அளவில்லை | No limits for desire |
எனக்கு பிடிக்கும் / என் + பிடிக்கும் | I like |
Video: Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Dative Case[edit | edit source]
Genetive[edit | edit source]
Genetive case has அது ( athu ) as a suffix.Sometimes replaced with உடைய (udaya).
Example[edit | edit source]
Tamil | English |
---|---|
எனது ஆடை / என் + ஆடை | My dress |
அவனுடைய நண்பன் / அவன் + நண்பன் | His friend |
Video: Tamil Grammar - இரண்டாம் வேற்றுமை - Genitive Case[edit | edit source]
Locative[edit | edit source]
Locative case has a suffix இல் (il).Sometimes for the noun , it has a suffix இடம் (idam).
Example[edit | edit source]
Tamil Sentence | English Meanings |
---|---|
கிணற்றில் நீர் இருக்கிறது / கிணறு + நீர் + இருக்கிறது | Water is in the well |
கண்ணணிடம் குழல் இருக்கிறது / கண்ணண் + குழல் + இருக்கிறது | Kannan has the flute |
Vocative[edit | edit source]
Vocative has the suffix ஏ (ee).
Example[edit | edit source]
Tamil Sentence | English Meanings | உண்மையே வெல்லும் / உண்மை + வெல்லும் | Truth Triumphs | |
---|---|---|---|---|
பயமே பாவம் / பயம் + பாவம் | Fear is evil |
Sources[edit | edit source]
- https://www.learntamil.com
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewccc8EsH1w
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PJmafm3KZA
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KqTrLyfaEQ
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCDoTn92cqE
- https://ilearntamil.com/tamil-grammar/
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Pronouns
- Nouns
- Personal Pronouns
- That, This, and Question Words
- Negation
- Continuous tense
- Negatives
- Past tense
- Plurals
- Conditional Mood
- Present Tense
- Questions
- Plural Noun Suffix Addition
- Adjective (பெயரடை)