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Revision as of 22:12, 2 April 2023
| ◀️ Eating Out — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Comparative and Superlative Adjectives ▶️ |
In this lesson, you will learn about Slovenian adjective agreement. Adjectives are an important part of speech in any language, including Slovenian. Understanding how they agree with the noun they modify is essential to speaking and writing Slovenian correctly.
Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: Conjugation of verbs in the past tense & Active and passive voice.
Adjective Agreement
In Slovenian, adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case. This means that the form of the adjective changes depending on the gender, number, and case of the noun it is modifying. The rules for Slovenian adjective agreement are slightly different compared to other Slavic languages.
Gender Agreement
In Slovenian, nouns are either masculine, feminine, or neuter in gender. Adjectives must agree with the gender of the noun they modify. For example:
| Slovenian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| modri avto | móh-dree áhf-toh | blue car (masculine) |
| modra hiša | móh-drah héeh-shah | blue house (feminine) |
| modro jabolko | móh-droh yah-bohl-koh | blue apple (neuter) |
As you can see from the above examples, the adjective "modri" changes its form depending on the gender of the noun it is modifying.
Number Agreement
In Slovenian, nouns are either singular or plural in number. Adjectives must agree with the number of the noun they modify. For example:
| Slovenian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| velik avto | véh-leek áhf-toh | big car (singular) |
| veliki avti | véh-lee-kee áhf-tee | big cars (plural) |
| majhna hiša | myh-nhah héeh-shah | small house (singular) |
| majhne hiše | myh-nheh héeh-sheh | small houses (plural) |
As you can see from the above examples, the adjective "velik" and "majhen" changes its form depending on the number of the noun it is modifying.
Case Agreement
In Slovenian, nouns are declined in cases to indicate their grammatical function in a sentence. Adjectives must agree with the case of the noun they modify. For example:
| Slovenian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| rdeča knjiga | rdeh-chah knjee-gah | red book (nominative) |
| rdeče knjige | rdeh-cheh knjee-geh | red books (nominative) |
| rdeče knjige | rdeh-cheh knjee-geh | of red books (genitive) |
| rdeči knjigi | rdeh-chee knjee-ghee | to a red book (dative) |
| rdeče knjige | rdeh-cheh knjee-geh | red books (accusative) |
| o rdeči knjigi | oh rdeh-chee knjee-ghee | about a red book (locative) |
| s rdečo knjigo | s rdeh-choh knjee-goh | with a red book (instrumental) |
As you can see from the above examples, the adjective "rdeč" changes its form depending on the case of the noun it is modifying.
Exceptions to Adjective Agreement
There are some exceptions to Slovenian adjective agreement, where the adjective does not change its form. These include:
- Adjectives ending in -en or -in that modify masculine singular nouns do not change in the nominative case. For example, "rumen avto" (yellow car). - Adjectives ending in -ast, -ist, -ost, or -ust do not change in the feminine singular nominative case. For example, "moderna ženska" (modern woman). - Adjectives ending in a consonant or -ski do not change in the masculine or neuter singular nominative case. For example, "srečen dan" (happy day) or "kaminski zid" (stone wall). - Adjectives ending in -ov do not change in the masculine singular nominative or accusative case. For example, "gospodov glas" (man's voice).
Practice Exercises
Now that you have learned the rules of Slovenian adjective agreement, it's time to put them into practice. Here are a few exercises to help you solidify your understanding:
1. Agree the adjective with the noun in gender, number, and case: - Visok __________ (stol) - Kratek __________ (rokav) - Rdeč __________ (avto) - Dolg __________ (most)
2. Translate the following sentences into Slovenian: - The small dog barks. - The big cities are noisy. - I have a new car. - You have many friends.
3. Create your own sentences using adjectives that agree with the nouns in gender, number, and case.
Summary
In this lesson, you learned about Slovenian adjective agreement. You now know how adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number, and case. Make sure to practice your understanding of adjective agreement to improve your Slovenian language skills further.
Other Lessons
- Singular and Plural Nouns
- Cases
- The subjunctive mood and modal verbs
- 0 to A1 Course
- Nouns, articles and gender
- How to Use Have
- Past Tense
- Conditional and future tense
- Conjugation of verbs in the present tense
- Prepositions
Sources
| ◀️ Eating Out — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Comparative and Superlative Adjectives ▶️ |