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|[[Language/Serbian/Culture/Contemporary-Serbian-Poetry|◀️ Contemporary Serbian Poetry — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Verbs:-Infinitives|Next Lesson — Verbs: Infinitives ▶️]]
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{{Serbian-Page-Top}}
{{Serbian-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Serbian|Serbian]]  → [[Language/Serbian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs: Participles</div>
__TOC__
== Introduction ==


<div class="pg_page_title">Serbian Grammar → Verbs: Conditional → Verbs: Participles</div>
Welcome to the lesson on Serbian participles! Participles are an important aspect of Serbian grammar that allow us to express various verb forms and convey additional information about actions and states. In this lesson, we will explore the different types of participles in Serbian and learn how to use them correctly. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of participles and be able to incorporate them into your Serbian language skills.


__TOC__
== What are Participles? ==


As a Serbian language teacher with 20 years of experience, I am excited to introduce you to the concept of participles in Serbian. Participles are verb forms that can function as adjectives or nouns. They are formed by adding a suffix to the stem of the verb, and their endings change according to the gender, number, and case of the noun they modify. In this lesson, we will explore the different types of participles, their formation, and their usage in Serbian.
Participles are verb forms that can function as adjectives or adverbs. They are derived from verbs and have both verbal and adjectival qualities. In Serbian, there are three main types of participles: present participles, past participles, and future participles. Each type has its own set of rules for formation and usage, which we will explore in detail.


== Present Active Participle ==
=== Present Participles ===


The Present Active Participle is formed by adding "-ći/-či" to the stem of the verb. Its endings are as follows:
Present participles in Serbian are formed by adding the suffix -ći or -ći to the verb stem. They are used to describe ongoing actions or states. Let's take a look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Gender !! Singular !! Plural
! Serbian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| читати (čitati) || [tʃiˈtaːti] || to read
|-
| читајући (čitajući) || [tʃiˈtaːjuːtʃi] || reading
|-
| писати (pisati) || [piˈsaːti] || to write
|-
|-
! Masculine !! -ći/-či, -ći/-čeg, -ću/-ča !! -ći/-či, -ćih/-čih, -ćima/-čama
| пишући (pišući) || [piˈʃuːtʃi] || writing
|-
|-
! Feminine !! -ća/-ča, -će/-čije, -ću/-či !! -će/-čije, -ćih/-čih, -ćima/-čama
| говорити (govoriti) || [ɡoʋoˈriti] || to speak
|-
|-
! Neuter !! -će/-če, -ćeg/-čeg, -ću/-ču !! -ća/-ča, -ćih/-čih, -ćima/-čama
| говорећи (govoreći) || [ɡoʋoˈreːtʃi] || speaking
|}
|}


The Present Active Participle has two basic functions in Serbian:
As you can see from the examples, present participles are formed by replacing the infinitive ending -ти with -јући or -ћи. They agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify, just like adjectives. Let's look at some more examples:


- Adjectival function: It modifies a noun and describes its state or action. For example:
* Читајућа књига (čitajuća knjiga) - reading book
* Пишући стихове (pišući stihove) - writing poems
* Говорећи енглески (govoreći engleski) - speaking English


* работник (worker) - радећи работник (working worker)
=== Past Participles ===
* компјутер (computer) - радећи компјутер (working computer)


- Verbal function: It replaces a clause and expresses a continuous, ongoing action. For example:
Past participles in Serbian are formed by adding the suffix -о or -и to the verb stem. They are used to describe completed actions or states. Let's see some examples:


* working worker = who is working
{| class="wikitable"
* working computer = which is working
! Serbian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| читати (čitati) || [tʃiˈtaːti] || to read
|-
| прочитан (pročitan) || [proˈtʃiːtan] || read
|-
| писати (pisati) || [piˈsaːti] || to write
|-
| написан (napisan) || [naˈpiːsan] || written
|-
| говорити (govoriti) || [ɡoʋoˈriti] || to speak
|-
| изговорен (izgovoren) || [izɡoˈʋoːren] || spoken
|}


== Past Passive Participle ==
In the examples above, the past participles are formed by replacing the infinitive ending -ти with -ан or -ен. Like present participles, past participles agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify. Here are some more examples:


The Past Passive Participle is formed by adding "-н/-на/-но/-ни" to the stem of the verb. Its endings change according to the gender, number, and case of the noun it modifies. Here are some examples:
* Прочитана књига (pročitana knjiga) - read book
* Написано писмо (napisano pismo) - written letter
* Изговорено извињење (izgovoreno izvinjenje) - spoken apology
 
=== Future Participles ===
 
Future participles in Serbian are formed by adding the suffix -ћу or -чу to the verb stem. They are used to describe actions or states that will happen in the future. Let's take a look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Gender !! Singular !! Plural
! Serbian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| читати (čitati) || [tʃiˈtaːti] || to read
|-
| читаћу (čitaću) || [tʃiˈtaːtʃu] || I will read
|-
| писати (pisati) || [piˈsaːti] || to write
|-
|-
! Masculine !! -н/-ни, -на/-не, -ном/-ним !! -ни/-не, -них/-них, -нима/-нима
| писаћу (pisaću) || [piˈsaːtʃu] || I will write
|-
|-
! Feminine !! -на/-на, -не/-не, -ном/-ним !! -не/-не, -них/-них, -нима/-нима
| говорити (govoriti) || [ɡoʋoˈriti] || to speak
|-
|-
! Neuter !! -но/-но, -ног/-ног, -ним/-ним !! -на/-на, -них/-них, -нима/-нима
| говорићу (govoriću) || [ɡoʋoˈritʃu] || I will speak
|}
|}


The Past Passive Participle has an adjectival function and typically describes a state or a result of an action. For example:
As you can see, future participles are formed by replacing the infinitive ending -ти with -ћу or -чу. They do not agree in gender, number, or case with the noun they modify. Here are some more examples:
 
* Читаћу књигу (čitaću knjigu) - I will read a book
* Писаћу писмо (pisaću pismo) - I will write a letter
* Говорићу енглески (govoriću engleski) - I will speak English
 
== Cultural Insights ==
 
Participles play an important role in Serbian culture and language. They allow us to express nuances and additional information about actions and states. In Serbian literature, participles are often used to create vivid and descriptive scenes. They add depth and richness to the language, enabling us to paint a more detailed picture with words.
 
Serbian participles can vary regionally and may have different forms or usage in different dialects. This is due to historical reasons and the influence of neighboring languages. For example, in some regions, the suffix -е is used instead of -ће to form the future participle. Additionally, dialectal variations may exist in the past participle forms. These regional differences add diversity and color to the Serbian language and reflect the rich linguistic heritage of the country.
 
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now it's time to practice using participles in Serbian! Complete the following exercises and check your answers below.
 
Exercise 1: Forming Present Participles
Form the present participle of the following verbs:
 
1. читати (čitati) -
2. писати (pisati) -
3. говорити (govoriti) -
 
Exercise 2: Forming Past Participles
Form the past participle of the following verbs:
 
1. читати (čitati) -
2. писати (pisati) -
3. говорити (govoriti) -


* срушена зграда (collapsed building)
Exercise 3: Forming Future Participles
* испитан студент (tested student)
Form the future participle of the following verbs:


== Past Active Participle ==
1. читати (čitati) -
2. писати (pisati) -
3. говорити (govoriti) -


The Past Active Participle is formed by adding "-о/-ла/-ло/-ли" to the stem of the verb. Its endings are identical to those of the Past Passive Participle. The Past Active Participle has an adjectival function and typically describes a past action or state. For example:
== Exercise Solutions ==


* учинили злочин (committed crime)
Exercise 1: Forming Present Participles
* видео филм (seen movie)


== Adverbial Participle ==
1. читајући (čitajući)
2. пишући (pišući)
3. говорећи (govoreći)


The Adverbial Participle is formed by adding "-вши/-вшији" to the stem of the verb. Its endings are identical to those of the Present Active Participle. The Adverbial Participle has an adverbial function and typically describes a circumstance or a cause of an action. For example:
Exercise 2: Forming Past Participles


* вративши се кући (having returned home)
1. прочитан (pročitan)
* будећи да је крвници на слободи (considering that the killers are free)
2. написан (napisan)
3. изговорен (izgovoren)


In conclusion, participles are an important part of Serbian grammar, adding rich meaning and descriptive power to the language. I hope this lesson has been helpful in increasing your knowledge and understanding of participles in Serbian.
Exercise 3: Forming Future Participles


== Sources ==
1. читаћу (čitaću)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_grammar Serbian Grammar]
2. писаћу (pisaću)
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_language Serbian Language]
3. говорићу (govoriću)
 
== Conclusion ==
 
Congratulations! You have successfully learned about participles in Serbian. You now have the knowledge and skills to use present, past, and future participles in your conversations and writing. Keep practicing and incorporating participles into your Serbian language learning journey. The more you use them, the more natural and fluent you will become. Good luck!


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|title=Serbian Grammar → Verbs: Participles
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|description=In this lesson, we will explore the different types of participles, their formation, and their usage in Serbian.
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[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Serbian-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Serbian-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
==Sources==
* [https://fastlanguagemastery.com/learn-foreign-languages/serbian-language/ Learn Serbian language – Fast Language Mastery]
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Serbian/Grammar/Past-Participle-in-Serbian Serbian Grammar - Past Participle in Serbian]
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Verbs:-Perfective-and-Imperfective|Verbs: Perfective and Imperfective]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Verbs:-Present-Tense|Verbs: Present Tense]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Verbs:-Imperative|Verbs: Imperative]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Cases:-Nominative-and-Accusative|Cases: Nominative and Accusative]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Verbs:-Reflexive-Verbs|Verbs: Reflexive Verbs]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Plural|Plural]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]


{{Serbian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Serbian-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Serbian/Culture/Contemporary-Serbian-Poetry|◀️ Contemporary Serbian Poetry — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Serbian/Grammar/Verbs:-Infinitives|Next Lesson — Verbs: Infinitives ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 11:47, 18 June 2023

◀️ Contemporary Serbian Poetry — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Verbs: Infinitives ▶️

Serbian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Serbian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs: Participles

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on Serbian participles! Participles are an important aspect of Serbian grammar that allow us to express various verb forms and convey additional information about actions and states. In this lesson, we will explore the different types of participles in Serbian and learn how to use them correctly. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of participles and be able to incorporate them into your Serbian language skills.

What are Participles?[edit | edit source]

Participles are verb forms that can function as adjectives or adverbs. They are derived from verbs and have both verbal and adjectival qualities. In Serbian, there are three main types of participles: present participles, past participles, and future participles. Each type has its own set of rules for formation and usage, which we will explore in detail.

Present Participles[edit | edit source]

Present participles in Serbian are formed by adding the suffix -ći or -ći to the verb stem. They are used to describe ongoing actions or states. Let's take a look at some examples:

Serbian Pronunciation English
читати (čitati) [tʃiˈtaːti] to read
читајући (čitajući) [tʃiˈtaːjuːtʃi] reading
писати (pisati) [piˈsaːti] to write
пишући (pišući) [piˈʃuːtʃi] writing
говорити (govoriti) [ɡoʋoˈriti] to speak
говорећи (govoreći) [ɡoʋoˈreːtʃi] speaking

As you can see from the examples, present participles are formed by replacing the infinitive ending -ти with -јући or -ћи. They agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify, just like adjectives. Let's look at some more examples:

  • Читајућа књига (čitajuća knjiga) - reading book
  • Пишући стихове (pišući stihove) - writing poems
  • Говорећи енглески (govoreći engleski) - speaking English

Past Participles[edit | edit source]

Past participles in Serbian are formed by adding the suffix -о or -и to the verb stem. They are used to describe completed actions or states. Let's see some examples:

Serbian Pronunciation English
читати (čitati) [tʃiˈtaːti] to read
прочитан (pročitan) [proˈtʃiːtan] read
писати (pisati) [piˈsaːti] to write
написан (napisan) [naˈpiːsan] written
говорити (govoriti) [ɡoʋoˈriti] to speak
изговорен (izgovoren) [izɡoˈʋoːren] spoken

In the examples above, the past participles are formed by replacing the infinitive ending -ти with -ан or -ен. Like present participles, past participles agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify. Here are some more examples:

  • Прочитана књига (pročitana knjiga) - read book
  • Написано писмо (napisano pismo) - written letter
  • Изговорено извињење (izgovoreno izvinjenje) - spoken apology

Future Participles[edit | edit source]

Future participles in Serbian are formed by adding the suffix -ћу or -чу to the verb stem. They are used to describe actions or states that will happen in the future. Let's take a look at some examples:

Serbian Pronunciation English
читати (čitati) [tʃiˈtaːti] to read
читаћу (čitaću) [tʃiˈtaːtʃu] I will read
писати (pisati) [piˈsaːti] to write
писаћу (pisaću) [piˈsaːtʃu] I will write
говорити (govoriti) [ɡoʋoˈriti] to speak
говорићу (govoriću) [ɡoʋoˈritʃu] I will speak

As you can see, future participles are formed by replacing the infinitive ending -ти with -ћу or -чу. They do not agree in gender, number, or case with the noun they modify. Here are some more examples:

  • Читаћу књигу (čitaću knjigu) - I will read a book
  • Писаћу писмо (pisaću pismo) - I will write a letter
  • Говорићу енглески (govoriću engleski) - I will speak English

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

Participles play an important role in Serbian culture and language. They allow us to express nuances and additional information about actions and states. In Serbian literature, participles are often used to create vivid and descriptive scenes. They add depth and richness to the language, enabling us to paint a more detailed picture with words.

Serbian participles can vary regionally and may have different forms or usage in different dialects. This is due to historical reasons and the influence of neighboring languages. For example, in some regions, the suffix -е is used instead of -ће to form the future participle. Additionally, dialectal variations may exist in the past participle forms. These regional differences add diversity and color to the Serbian language and reflect the rich linguistic heritage of the country.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice using participles in Serbian! Complete the following exercises and check your answers below.

Exercise 1: Forming Present Participles Form the present participle of the following verbs:

1. читати (čitati) - 2. писати (pisati) - 3. говорити (govoriti) -

Exercise 2: Forming Past Participles Form the past participle of the following verbs:

1. читати (čitati) - 2. писати (pisati) - 3. говорити (govoriti) -

Exercise 3: Forming Future Participles Form the future participle of the following verbs:

1. читати (čitati) - 2. писати (pisati) - 3. говорити (govoriti) -

Exercise Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: Forming Present Participles

1. читајући (čitajući) 2. пишући (pišući) 3. говорећи (govoreći)

Exercise 2: Forming Past Participles

1. прочитан (pročitan) 2. написан (napisan) 3. изговорен (izgovoren)

Exercise 3: Forming Future Participles

1. читаћу (čitaću) 2. писаћу (pisaću) 3. говорићу (govoriću)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully learned about participles in Serbian. You now have the knowledge and skills to use present, past, and future participles in your conversations and writing. Keep practicing and incorporating participles into your Serbian language learning journey. The more you use them, the more natural and fluent you will become. Good luck!

Table of Contents - Serbian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Serbian Grammar


Introduction to Serbian Vocabulary


Introduction to Serbian Culture


Pronouns: Possessive Pronouns


Shopping


Sports and Recreation


Adjectives: Declension


Jobs and Professions


Literature and Poetry


Verbs: Conditional


Entertainment and Media


Art and Artists


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Contemporary Serbian Poetry — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Verbs: Infinitives ▶️

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