Difference between revisions of "Language/Polish/Grammar/Past-Tense"
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* '''1st person''': masculine, feminine | * '''1st person''': masculine, feminine | ||
* '''2nd person''': masculine, feminine | * '''2nd person''': masculine, feminine | ||
* '''3rd person''': masculine, feminine, | * '''3rd person''': masculine, feminine, neuter | ||
====Plural Number==== | ====Plural Number==== | ||
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===Singular=== | ===Singular=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Singular | !'''Singular''' | ||
!Male | !'''Male''' | ||
!Female | !'''Female''' | ||
!Neuter | !'''Neuter''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1st (ja) | |1st (ja) | ||
Line 63: | Line 63: | ||
===Plural=== | ===Plural=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Plural | !'''Plural''' | ||
!masculine (męskoosobowy) | !'''masculine (męskoosobowy)''' | ||
!not masculine (niemęskoosobowy) | !'''not masculine (niemęskoosobowy)''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1st (my) | |1st (my) | ||
|Zrobiliśmy | |Zrobiliśmy | ||
|Zrobiłyście | |Zrobiłyście | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2nd (wy) | |2nd (wy) | ||
|Zrobiliście | |Zrobiliście | ||
|Zrobiłyście | |Zrobiłyście | ||
|- | |- | ||
|3rd (oni/one) | |3rd (oni/one) | ||
|Zrobili | |Zrobili | ||
|Zrobiły | |Zrobiły | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 87: | Line 83: | ||
===Singular=== | ===Singular=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Singular | !'''Singular''' | ||
!Male | !'''Male''' | ||
!Female | !'''Female''' | ||
!Neuter | !'''Neuter''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1st (ja) | |1st (ja) | ||
Line 109: | Line 105: | ||
===Plural=== | ===Plural=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Plural | !'''Plural''' | ||
!masculine (męskoosobowy) | !'''masculine (męskoosobowy)''' | ||
!not masculine (niemęskoosobowy) | !'''not masculine (niemęskoosobowy)''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|1st (my) | |1st (my) | ||
|Próbowaliśmy | |Próbowaliśmy | ||
|Próbowałyście | |Próbowałyście | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2nd (wy) | |2nd (wy) | ||
|Próbowaliście | |Próbowaliście | ||
|Próbowałyście | |Próbowałyście | ||
|- | |- | ||
|3rd (oni/one) | |3rd (oni/one) | ||
|Próbowali | |Próbowali | ||
|Próbowały | |Próbowały | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 19:52, 30 December 2021
Hi Polish Learners! 😃
➡ In today's lesson we will learn How to construct the PAST TENSE in Polish.
Happy learning!
Introduction
Like the Polish Future Tense, the Polish Past Tense has two aspects, perfective and imperfective, and is shown with the same pairs.
Polish past tense will tell you person, number, gender, and aspect.
Basic rules
Basic rules are as follows: Directly after the verb stem, you can have e (or nothing) which indicate the person or object is masculine, a, which indicates feminine.
There's also i which indicates at least one or more Animate/living male persons, or y which indicates no animate/living male persons. Directly after these you may have m, which indicates first person, ś which indicates second, nothing, which indicates third singular or third plural, śmy which indicates first plural, or ście, which is second plural.
Polish language-past tense - perfective and imperfective
Singular Number
- 1st person: masculine, feminine
- 2nd person: masculine, feminine
- 3rd person: masculine, feminine, neuter
Plural Number
- 1st person: masculine , not masculine
- 2nd person: masculine, not masculine
- 3rd person: masculine, not masculine
For clarity, examples will be given below.
Perfective: Zrobić
Singular
Singular | Male | Female | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
1st (ja) | Zrobiłem | Zrobiłam | |
2nd (ty) | Zrobiłeś | Zrobiłaś | |
3rd (on, ona, ono) | Zrobił | Zrobiła | Zrobiło |
Plural
Plural | masculine (męskoosobowy) | not masculine (niemęskoosobowy) |
---|---|---|
1st (my) | Zrobiliśmy | Zrobiłyście |
2nd (wy) | Zrobiliście | Zrobiłyście |
3rd (oni/one) | Zrobili | Zrobiły |
Imperfective: Próbować
Singular
Singular | Male | Female | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
1st (ja) | Próbowałem | Próbowałam | |
2nd (ty) | Próbowałeś | Próbowałaś | |
3rd (on, ona, ono) | Próbował | Próbowała | Próbowało |
Plural
Plural | masculine (męskoosobowy) | not masculine (niemęskoosobowy) |
---|---|---|
1st (my) | Próbowaliśmy | Próbowałyście |
2nd (wy) | Próbowaliście | Próbowałyście |
3rd (oni/one) | Próbowali | Próbowały |
Examples
ENGLISH | POLISH | PRONUNCIATION IN
ENGLISH |
BRAZILIAN
PORTUGUESE |
I loved | Já kochałem | yah koh how ehm | Eu amava |
You loved | Ty kochałeś | teh koh hou ehsh | Você amava |
He loved | On kochał | ohn koh how | Ele amava |
We loved | My kochaliśmy | meh koh hah lihsh meh | Nós amávamos |
You loved | Wy kochaliście | veh koh hah lihsh cheh | Vocês amavam |
They loved | Oni kochali | oh nih koh hah lih | Eles amavam |
I spoke | Já mówiłem | yah mou vih ou ehm | Eu falava |
You spoke | Ty mówiłeś | teh mou vih ou ehsh | Você falava |
He spoke | On mówił | ohn mou vih ou | Ele falava |
We spoke | My mówiliśmy | meh mou vih lihsh meh | Nós falávamos |
You spoke | Wy mówiliście | veh mou vih lihsh cheh | Vocês falavam |
They spoke | Oni mówili | oh nih mou vih lih | Eles falavam |
I slept | Já spałem | yah spah ou ehm | Eu dormia |
You slept | Ty spałeś | teh spah ou ehsh | Você dormia |
He slept | On spał | ohn spah ou | Ele dormia |
We slept | My spaliśmy | meh spah lihsh meh | Nós dormíamos |
You slept | Wy spaliście | veh spah lihsh cheh | Vocês dormiam |
They slept | Oni spali | oh nih spah lih | Eles dormiam |
I ate | Já jadłem | yah yah dou ehm | Eu comia |
You ate | Ty jadłeś | teh jah dou ehsh | Você comia |
He ate | On jadł | ohn yah dou | Ele comia |
We ate | My jedliśmy | meh yeh dlihsh meh | Nós comiamos |
You ate | Wy jedliście | veh yeh dlihsh cheh | Vocês comiam |
They ate | Oni jedli | oh nih yeh dlih | Eles comiam |