Language/Polish/Grammar/Gender
Hi Polish Learners! 😃
➡ In today's lesson we will learn How to use genders in Polish.
Happy learning!
Polish is a tough language to learn and that's common knowledge.
The reason behind it is not only the alphabet (which has 32 letters as opposed to English 26) but among other things, gender.
It can be really confusing for non-native speakers that are trying to learn Polish because the language is gendered.
If you want to speak correct Polish, you must know each noun gender. Basically, in Polish and other languages, nouns are often accompanied by adjectives describing them (big city, fantastic result, terrible performances, etc.). In Polish, adjectives have different forms and must match nouns.
Polish distinguishes between the 3 genders:
- masculine (rodzaj męski)
- feminine (rodzaj żeński)
- neuter (rodzaj nijaki)
Rules
While masculine and feminine are referring to men or women, "neutral" words refer either to babies or inanimate objects.
- Masculine ends with a hard consonant (spółgłoska) and a few -a.
- Feminine nouns generally end in -a, in -i, or in a soft consonant (ń, ć…)
- Neuters end in -o, -e, -ę or -um
However, there are many exceptions. Some genders are consistent with the meaning, for example the masculine:
- poeta (poet),
- dziadzio (grandfather),
- wykładowca (teacher),
- dentysta (male dentist and for a woman it would be dentistka).
The masculine is divided into "personal animates" (names expressing a human being), non-personal animates (an animal), inanimate (an object or an idea).
- In the singular, the masculine are distinguished into animate (humans and animals) and inanimate (objects).
- In the plural, they are distinguished into personal (humans) and impersonal (animals and objects). Often, the plurals of different genders are common, except the personal masculine.
| Gender | Masculine | Neutral | Feminine |
|---|---|---|---|
| The word ends
with: |
a consonant
-a (if male) |
-o
-e -ę -um |
-a
-ść (abstract nouns) a consonant (rare irregularities) |
| Examples |
|
|
|
Examples
Demonstrative Pronouns "This"
- This Man (MASCULINE GENDER) - TEN mężczyzna
- This Woman (FEMININE GENDER) - TA kobieta
- This chair (NEUTRAL GENDER) - TO krzesło
- This Baby (NEUTRAL GENDER) - TO dziecko
Adjectives
For instance, English adjective 'good' in Polish language has got following forms: dobry (when agrees with grammatically masculine noun), dobra (when agrees with grammatically feminine nouns), dobre (when agrees with grammatically neuter nouns). So you would say:
- dobry chłopiec - good boy
- dobra dziewczynka - good girl
- dobre dziecko - good child
Verbs
In Polish it is so important, because verbs must be inflected to every gender.
For example in the past simple in English, we describe only verb+ed or irregular form of this verb.
In Polish past tenses we must add the right letter in the end of verb depending on the gender.
For example :
- verb to be: BYĆ
➡ JA BYŁEM (said by a man)
➡ JA BYŁAM (said by a woman)
Videos
Grammatical gender of Polish nouns
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6b1oZ7Ah