Language/Polish/Grammar/Adjectives
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How to use Adjectives in Polish
Hi Polish Learners! 😃
➡ In today's lesson we will learn How to use Adjectives in Polish.
As you probably assume, if adjectives are to be matched with the gender (feminine, masculine, neuter) of the noun "described", adjectives must also decline "case of the noun".
The adjectives that you have learned so far, like: duży (large, m) Mala (small, f), krótkie (short, n) are in the base case - the nominative.
For the other "cases" I will try to present all the possibilities in the tables in this chapter.
Happy learning!
Examples
Adjectives in Polish
| ENGLISH | POLISH | PRONUNCIATION IN
ENGLISH |
BRAZILIAN
PORTUGUESE |
| big (m) / | duży (m) / | dou zheh | grande / |
| big (f) | duża (f) | dou zhah | grande (fem) |
| other (m) / | inne (m) / | ihn neh | outro / |
| other (f) | inna (f) | ihn nah | outra |
| large (m) / | duży (m) / | dou zheh | largo / |
| large (f) | duża (f) | dou zhah | larga |
| heavy (m) / | ciężki (m) / | chehns keh | pesado / |
| heavy (f) | ciężka (f) | chehns kah | pesada |
| small (m) / | mały (m) / | mah ou eh | pequeno / |
| small (f) | mała (f.) | mah ou ah | pequena |
| short (m) / | krótki (m) / | kroot keh | curto / |
| short (f) | krótka (f) | kroot kah | curta |
| thin (m) / | cienki (m) / | chehn keh | magro / |
| thin (f) | cienka (f) | chehn kah | magra |
| good (m) / | dobry (m.) / | doh breh | bom / |
| good (f) | dobra (f) | doh brah | boa |
| dry (m) / | suchy (m) / | sou heh | seco / |
| dry (f) | sucha (f) | sou hah | seca |
| dirty (m) / | brudny (m.) / | brood neh | sujo / |
| dirty (f) | brudna (f) | brood nah | suja |
| wet (m) / | mokry (m) / | moh kreh | úmido / |
| wet (f) | mokra (f) | moh krah | úmida |
| correct (m) / | poprawny (m) / | poh prahv neh | correto / |
| correct (f) | poprawna (f) | poh prahv nah | correta |
| old (m) / | stary (m.) / | stah reh | velho / |
| old (f) | stara (f) | stah rah | velha |
| new (m) / | nowy (m) / | noh veh | novo / |
| new (f) | nowa (f) | noh vah | nova |
| full (m) / | pełny (m) / | peh ou neh | cheio / |
| full (f) | pełna (f) | peh ou nah | cheia |
| cold (m) / | zimny (m) / | zhihm neh | frio / |
| cold (f) | zimna (f) | zhihm nah | fria |
| warm (m) / | ciepły (m.) / | cheh pou eh | quente / |
| warm (f) | ciepła (f) | cheh pou ah | quente (fem) |
.
Some declensions
Polish adjective declines depending on case, number and gender.
| Declination of mały | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural | |||
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Person-masculine | Other genders | |
| Nominative | mały | mała | małe | mali | małe |
| Genitive | małego | małej | małego | małych | |
| Dative | małemu | małemu | małym | ||
| Accusative | mały/małego | małą | małe | małe | małe |
| Instrumental | małym | małym | małymi | ||
| Locative | małej | małych | |||
| Vocative | mały | mała | małe | mali | małe |
| Declination of letni | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural | |||
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Person-masculine | Other genders | |
| Nominative | letni | letnia | letnie | letni | letnie |
| Genitive | letniego | letniej | letniego | letnich | |
| Dative | letniemu | letniemu | letnim | ||
| Accusative | letni/letniego | letnią | letnie | letnie | letnie |
| Instrumental | letnim | letnim | letnimi | ||
| Locative | letniej | letnich | |||
| Vocative | letni | letnia | letnie | letni | letnie |
| Declination of wielki | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural | |||
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Person-masculine | Other genders | |
| Nominative | wielki | wielka | wielkie | wielcy | wielkie |
| Genitive | wielkiego | wielkiej | wielkiego | wielkich | |
| Dative | wielkiemu | wielkiemu | wielkim | ||
| Accusative | wielki/wielkiego | wielką | wielkie | wielkie | wielkie |
| Instrumental | wielkim | wielkim | wielkimi | ||
| Locative | wielkiej | wielkich | |||
| Vocative | wielki | wielka | wielkie | wielcy | wielkie |