Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/Time-Adverbs

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Northern Kurdish → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Time Adverbs

Welcome to the exciting world of Northern Kurdish! In this lesson, we'll dive deep into time adverbs, an essential component of the language that helps you express when things happen. Understanding and using time adverbs is crucial for everyday communication, as they allow you to provide context and clarity to your statements. As a beginner, you'll find that mastering these adverbs will greatly enhance your conversational skills and understanding of the language.

In this lesson, we'll cover the following structure:

What Are Time Adverbs?

Time adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to indicate when an action occurs. They help us express time-related information such as frequency, duration, and specific moments in time. In Northern Kurdish, like in many languages, these adverbs are used to enrich our sentences and make them more informative.

For example, consider how saying "I eat" changes to "I eat now," or "I eat every day." The time adverb provides crucial information about when the action takes place.

Common Time Adverbs in Northern Kurdish

Let's explore some common time adverbs in Northern Kurdish. Below is a table with examples of time adverbs, their pronunciation, and English translations:

Northern Kurdish	Pronunciation	English
niha	/niˈhɑ/	now
her roj	/hɛr roʒ/	every day
dema	/dɛˈmɑ/	time
sala	/sɑˈlɑ/	year
dema niha	/dɛˈmɑ niˈhɑ/	at this time
dema pêş	/dɛˈmɑ pɛʃ/	before
dema paş	/dɛˈmɑ pɑʃ/	after
hêftê	/hɛfˈtɛ/	week
meh	/mɛh/	month
bêdeng	/bɛˈdɛŋ/	recently

Now that you have a glimpse of common time adverbs, let's break them down into categories based on their usage:

Categories of Time Adverbs

1. Adverbs of Frequency: These adverbs tell us how often something happens.

• Examples: her roj (every day), her hefte (every week), her meh (every month).

2. Adverbs of Duration: These adverbs indicate the length of time something occurs.

• Examples: bêdeng (recently), dema (time), dema niha (at this time).

3. Adverbs of Specific Time: These adverbs specify a particular moment in time.

• Examples: niha (now), dema pêş (before), dema paş (after).

4. Adverbs of Time Period: These adverbs refer to broader time spans.

• Examples: sala (year), hêftê (week), meh (month).

Using Time Adverbs in Sentences

Time adverbs can be placed at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, depending on what you wish to emphasize. Here are some examples:

1. Beginning of the sentence:

• Niha ez xwarin dikim. (Now I am eating.)

• Her roj ez dibim. (Every day I see.)

2. Middle of the sentence:

• Ez niha xwarin dikim. (I am eating now.)

• Ez dibim her roj. (I see every day.)

3. End of the sentence:

• Ez xwarin dikim niha. (I am eating now.)

• Ez dibim her roj. (I see every day.)

Examples of Sentences with Time Adverbs

To give you a better idea of how to use time adverbs in context, here are 20 example sentences:

Northern Kurdish	Pronunciation	English
1. Niha ez diçim bazar.	/niˈhɑ ɛz diˈtʃim bɑˈzɑr/	Now I am going to the market.
2. Ez her hefte firotin dikim.	/ɛz hɛr hɛfˈtɛ fiˈrɔtɪn diˈkim/	I sell every week.
3. Dema pêş, ez çend xwarin xwar.	/dɛˈmɑ pɛʃ ɛz tʃɛnd xwɑˈrɪn xwɑr/	Before, I ate some food.
4. Dema paş, ez diçim mala te.	/dɛˈmɑ pɑʃ ɛz diˈtʃim mɑˈlɑ tɛ/	After, I will go to your house.
5. Hêftê din, min çiwan bû.	/hɛfˈtɛ dɪn mɪn tʃiˈwɑn bu/	Last week, I was young.
6. Mehê din, min kar kir.	/mɛˈhɛ dɪn mɪn kɑr kɪr/	Last month, I worked.
7. Ez diçim bazar her roj.	/ɛz diˈtʃim bɑˈzɑr hɛr roʒ/	I go to the market every day.
8. Niha ez lêdana wan dikim.	/niˈhɑ ɛz lɛˈdɑnɑ wɑn diˈkim/	Now I am studying them.
9. Bêdeng, ez bûm.	/bɛˈdɛŋ ɛz buːm/	Recently, I was.
10. Her meh, ez firotin dikim.	/hɛr mɛh ɛz fiˈrɔtɪn diˈkim/	Every month, I sell.
11. Dema niha, ez xwendin dikim.	/dɛˈmɑ niˈhɑ ɛz xwɛnˈdɪn diˈkim/	At this time, I am reading.
12. Rojek dî, min çavkanî kir.	/roʒɛk diː mɪn tʃɑvˈkɑnɪ kɪr/	One day ago, I did a favor.
13. Dema pêş, min dest pê kir.	/dɛˈmɑ pɛʃ mɪn dɛst pɛˈkɪr/	Before, I started.
14. Hêftê din, ez diçim serdema.	/hɛfˈtɛ dɪn ɛz diˈtʃim sɛrˈdɛmɑ/	Last week, I went to the season.
15. Niha ez xwarinê xwarim.	/niˈhɑ ɛz xwɑˈrɪnɛ xwɑrɪm/	Now I am eating food.
16. Dema niha, min firotin kir.	/dɛˈmɑ niˈhɑ mɪn fiˈrɔtɪn kɪr/	At this time, I sold.
17. Her meh, min xweş bû.	/hɛr mɛh mɪn xwɛʃ bu/	Every month, I was happy.
18. Dema paş, ez got.	/dɛˈmɑ pɑʃ ɛz ɡɔt/	After, I said.
19. Niha ez diçim mal.	/niˈhɑ ɛz diˈtʃim mɑl/	Now I am going home.
20. Bêdeng, min xwendin kir.	/bɛˈdɛŋ mɪn xwɛnˈdɪn kɪr/	Recently, I read.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios

Now, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Here are 10 exercises designed to help you practice using time adverbs in Northern Kurdish. Each exercise will be followed by detailed solutions and explanations.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate time adverb from the list below: (niha, her roj, bêdeng).

1. Ez diçim bazar ____.

2. ____, ez xwarin dikim.

3. Min çavkanî kir ____.

Solutions:

1. her roj – I go to the market every day.

2. niha – Now I am eating.

3. bêdeng – Recently, I did a favor.

Exercise 2: Sentence Formation

Create sentences using the following time adverbs: (dema pêş, hêftê, meh).

1. _____, ez diçim serdema.

2. _____, min firotin kir.

3. _____, ez xwarim.

Solutions:

1. Dema pêş - Before, I went to the season.

2. Hêftê - Last week, I sold.

3. Meh - This month, I eat.

Exercise 3: Match the Time Adverb to its English Translation

Match the Northern Kurdish time adverb to its English translation:

1. niha

2. her meh

3. bêdeng

4. sala

a. every month

b. now

c. recently

d. year

Solutions:

1. b – now

2. a – every month

3. c – recently

4. d – year

Exercise 4: Rewrite the Sentences

Rewrite the following sentences by changing the time adverb:

1. Ez diçim bazar niha.

2. Min xwarin kir bêdeng.

3. Ez firotin dikim her roj.

Solutions:

1. Ez diçim bazar her roj. – I go to the market every day.

2. Min xwarin kir niha. – I ate now.

3. Ez firotin dikim bêdeng. – I sell recently.

Exercise 5: True or False

Determine whether the following statements are true or false based on the time adverbs used.

1. "Ez diçim bazar her meh." means "I go to the market every month."

2. "Niha ez xwarim." means "I eat now."

3. "Dema paş, ez dibim." means "After, I see."

Solutions:

1. True

2. True

3. True

Exercise 6: Translate to Northern Kurdish

Translate the following English sentences to Northern Kurdish using time adverbs.

1. I study now.

2. I go to the market every week.

3. Recently, I worked.

Solutions:

1. Niha ez lêdana dikim.

2. Ez diçim bazar her hefte.

3. Bêdeng, min kar kir.

Exercise 7: Create a Dialogue

Create a short dialogue between two people using at least three time adverbs.

Example:

A: Niha tu çi dikî? (What are you doing now?)

B: Ez lêdana dikim. (I am studying.)

A: Ez diçim bazar her roj. (I go to the market every day.)

Solutions:

A: Niha tu çi dikî? (What are you doing now?)

B: Ez lêdana dikim. (I am studying.)

A: Ez diçim bazar her roj. (I go to the market every day.)

Exercise 8: Identify the Time Adverb

Identify the time adverb in the following sentence: "Ez diçim bazar her meh."

Solution:

Time adverb: her meh (every month)

Exercise 9: Change the Position of the Time Adverb

Change the time adverb position in the following sentence: "Bêdeng, ez xwarim."

Solution:

Ez xwarim bêdeng. (I eat recently.)

Exercise 10: Write Your Own Sentences

Write three sentences using different time adverbs of your choice.

Solutions: (example sentences)

1. Niha ez diçim mal. (Now I am going home.)

2. Her roj ez xwarin dikim. (I eat every day.)

3. Dema pêş, min firotin kir. (Before, I sold.)

As you can see, mastering time adverbs in Northern Kurdish is a valuable skill that will help you communicate effectively in your daily conversations. With practice, you'll soon find yourself feeling comfortable using them in various contexts.

Keep practicing, and don't hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Northern Kurdish Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Introduction to Northern Kurdish

• Alphabet and Pronunciation
• Roots of Northern Kurdish
• Basic Word Order

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Greetings
• Introducing Yourself
• Asking for and Giving Personal Information

  ---

Noun and Adjective Declension

• Nominative Case
• Accusative Case
• Genitive Case
• Dative Case

  ---

Daily Life

• Days of the Week
• Months and Seasons
• Numbers

  ---

Verb Conjugation

• Present Tense
• Past Tense
• Future Tense
• Negative Statements

  ---

Customs and Traditions

• Weddings and Celebrations
• Cuisine
• Folklore

  ---

Pronouns

• Personal Pronouns
• Demonstrative Pronouns
• Possessive Pronouns
• Interrogative Pronouns

  ---

Hobbies and Free Time

• Outdoor Activities
• Indoor Activities
• Sports and Fitness

  ---

Adverbs

• Manner Adverbs
• Time Adverbs
• Place Adverbs

  ---

Geography and Travel

• Regions and Cities
• Means of Transportation
• Tourist Attractions

  ---

Conjunctions

• Coordinating Conjunctions
• Subordinating Conjunctions

Other Lessons

• Negative Statements
• Plurals
• Negation
• Alphabet and Pronunciation
• Dative Case
• Interrogative Pronouns
• Gender
• Subordinating Conjunctions
• Personal Pronouns
• Accusative Case

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