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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Halh-mongolian|Halh Mongolian]]  → [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Halh Mongolian Vocabulary → Numbers and Counting</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Halh-mongolian|Halh Mongolian]]  → [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → Numbers and Counting</div>
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== Introduction ==


As a Halh Mongolian language teacher, I find numbers and counting to be one of the most useful topics in everyday life. Whether you are buying groceries, negotiating a price or simply telling time, knowing how to count in Halh Mongolian will be an essential skill you need to master.
In this lesson, we will dive into the world of numbers and counting in Halh Mongolian. Numbers are an essential part of any language, and learning how to count in Halh Mongolian will help you in various everyday situations, such as telling time, shopping, and even making new friends. We will cover cardinal and ordinal numbers, as well as the different counting systems used for different objects. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in Halh Mongolian numbers and counting.


In this lesson, we will cover cardinal and ordinal numbers, the various counting systems used for different objects and give some cultural insights into the importance of mathematics in Mongolian history and culture.
== Cardinal Numbers ==


Let's start with the basics - cardinal numbers. Cardinal numbers are used to express quantity or to count objects. In Halh Mongolian, cardinal numbers are relatively straightforward and follow a regular pattern. We will go through the numbers from 1 to 10 to get you started.


<span link>With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages: [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/Useful-phrases|Useful phrases]] & [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/At-the-Post-Office|At the Post Office]].</span>
=== Numbers 1 to 10 ===
== Cardinal Numbers ==


Cardinal numbers are used to count quantity. Here are the Halh Mongolian cardinal numbers from 1 to 10:
Here are the numbers from 1 to 10 in Halh Mongolian:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| нэг || neg || one
| нэг || neg || one
|-
|-
| хоёр || khoor || two
| хоёр || khoyor || two
|-
|-
| гурав || gurav || three
| гурав || gurav || three
Line 35: Line 38:
| найм || naim || eight
| найм || naim || eight
|-
|-
| ес || yes || nine
| ес || es || nine
|-
|-
| арван || arvan || ten
| арав || arav || ten
|}
|}


Note that when counting, the numbers from 1 to 9 follow a simple pattern, with the suffix "-н" added to the end of the number. For example, "нэг" meaning "one" becomes "хоёр" meaning "two". However, this pattern is broken when counting to 10, where the word "арван" is used instead of "нэг арван".
Take your time to practice pronouncing each number correctly. Pay attention to the unique sounds in Halh Mongolian, such as the "х" in "хоёр" and the "ө" in "дөрөв."
 
=== Numbers 11 to 20 ===
 
To form numbers from 11 to 20 in Halh Mongolian, you need to combine the word for "ten" (арав) with the numbers from 1 to 9. Let's take a look:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| арван нэг || arvan neg || eleven
|-
| арван хоёр || arvan khoyor || twelve
|-
| арван гурав || arvan gurav || thirteen
|-
| арван дөрөв || arvan dorov || fourteen
|-
| арван тав || arvan tav || fifteen
|-
| арван зургаа || arvan zurgaa || sixteen
|-
| арван долоо || arvan doloo || seventeen
|-
| арван найм || arvan naim || eighteen
|-
| арван ес || arvan es || nineteen
|-
| хорин || khorin || twenty
|}


For numbers larger than ten, Halh Mongolian uses a system similar to English. The numbers are created by combining the cardinal numbers with the word "арван", which means "ten". For example, "арван нэг" means "eleven", "арван хоёр" means "twelve" and so on.
Notice that the numbers from 11 to 19 are formed by combining "арван" with the corresponding number from 1 to 9. However, the number 20 is expressed as "хорин" on its own.


Here are some examples of larger numbers:
=== Numbers 30, 40, 50, and Beyond ===


* "гучин дөрвөн" (34)
To form numbers from 30 onwards, the pattern continues. You combine the word for the tens digit (such as "арван" for 20) with the units digit (such as "гурав" for 3). Here are some examples:
* "тавь ширхэг найм" (57)
 
* "зургаа арван долоо" (76)
{| class="wikitable"
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| гуч || guch || thirty
|-
| дөч || doch || forty
|-
| тавч || tavch || fifty
|-
| зургач || zurgach || sixty
|-
| долооч || dolooch || seventy
|-
| наймч || naimch || eighty
|-
| есч || esch || ninety
|-
| зуун || zuun || one hundred
|}
 
As you can see, the numbers from 30 to 90 are formed by combining the word for the tens digit with the suffix "-ч" (pronounced "ch"), which means "ten." The word for "one hundred" is "зуун."


== Ordinal Numbers ==
== Ordinal Numbers ==


Ordinal numbers are used to indicate the order of something. In Halh Mongolian, ordinal numbers are created by adding the suffix "-р" to the end of the cardinal number. For example, "нэг" meaning "one" becomes "нэгэнцэр" meaning "first".
Ordinal numbers are used to indicate the position or order of something. In Halh Mongolian, ordinal numbers are formed by adding the suffix "-дугаар" (pronounced "doogar") to the cardinal number. Let's look at some examples:
 
Here are some examples of Halh Mongolian ordinal numbers:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| нэгэнцэр || negen-tser || first
| нэгдүгээр || negdügeer || first
|-
|-
| хоёрдугаар || khoor-du-gaar || second
| хоёрдугаар || khoyordugaar || second
|-
|-
| гуравдугаар || gurav-du-gaar || third
| гуравдугаар || guravdugaar || third
|-
|-
| дөрөвдүгээр || dorov-dü-geer || fourth
| дөрөвдүгээр || dorovdügeer || fourth
|-
|-
| тавдугаар || tav-du-gaar || fifth
| тавдугаар || tavdugaar || fifth
|-
|-
| зургаадугаар || zurgaa-du-gaar || sixth
| зургаадугаар || zurgaadugaar || sixth
|-
|-
| долоодугаар || doloo-du-gaar || seventh
| долоодугаар || doloodugaar || seventh
|-
|-
| наймдугаар || naim-du-gaar || eighth
| наймдугаар || naimdugaar || eighth
|-
|-
| есдүгээр || yes-dü-geer || ninth
| есдүгээр || esdügeer || ninth
|-
|-
| арвандугаар || arvan-du-gaar || tenth
| аравдугаар || aravdugaar || tenth
|}
|}
Remember to pay attention to the pronunciation of the suffix "-дугаар" and practice saying each ordinal number correctly.


== Counting Systems ==
== Counting Systems ==


Halh Mongolian uses different counting systems for different objects. For example, when counting objects such as people, animals, or trees Halh Mongolian uses a different set of words than when counting inanimate objects such as books or plates.
In addition to cardinal and ordinal numbers, Halh Mongolian also has different counting systems depending on the object being counted. Let's explore some of these counting systems and the objects they are used for.


Here are some of the different counting systems used in Halh Mongolian:
=== Counting People ===
 
When counting people in Halh Mongolian, you use the counting system "хүний." Here are the numbers from 1 to 10 in the "хүний" counting system:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| нэг хүний || neg hüniy || one person
|-
| хоёр хүний || khoyor hüniy || two people
|-
| гурав хүний || gurav hüniy || three people
|-
| дөрөв хүний || dorov hüniy || four people
|-
| тав хүний || tav hüniy || five people
|-
| зургаа хүний || zurgaa hüniy || six people
|-
| долоо хүний || doloo hüniy || seven people
|-
| найм хүний || naim hüniy || eight people
|-
| ес хүний || es hüniy || nine people
|-
| арав хүний || arav hüniy || ten people
|}


=== Counting Animals ===
=== Counting Animals ===
When counting animals in Halh Mongolian, you use the counting system "морьдог." Here are the numbers from 1 to 10 in the "морьдог" counting system:
{| class="wikitable"
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| нэг морьдог || neg mor'dog || one animal
|-
| хоёр морьдог || khoyor mor'dog || two animals
|-
| гурав морьдог || gurav mor'dog || three animals
|-
| дөрөв морьдог || dorov mor'dog || four animals
|-
| тав морьдог || tav mor'dog || five animals
|-
| зургаа морьдог || zurgaa mor'dog || six animals
|-
| долоо морьдог || doloo mor'dog || seven animals
|-
| найм морьдог || naim mor'dog || eight animals
|-
| ес морьдог || es mor'dog || nine animals
|-
| арав морьдог || arav mor'dog || ten animals
|}
=== Counting Objects ===
For counting objects in general, you use the counting system "ширхэг." Here are the numbers from 1 to 10 in the "ширхэг" counting system:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| нэг ширхэг || neg shirheg || one object
|-
| хоёр ширхэг || khoyor shirheg || two objects
|-
| гурав ширхэг || gurav shirheg || three objects
|-
|-
| нохой || nohoy || one dog
| дөрөв ширхэг || dorov shirheg || four objects
|-
|-
| хонь || hon || one horse
| тав ширхэг || tav shirheg || five objects
|-
|-
| морь || mor || one sheep or goat
| зургаа ширхэг || zurgaa shirheg || six objects
|-
|-
| гахай || gakhay || one ox
| долоо ширхэг || doloo shirheg || seven objects
|-
|-
| тэмээ || temee || one camel
| найм ширхэг || naim shirheg || eight objects
|-
|-
| амьт || amut || one cow
| ес ширхэг || es shirheg || nine objects
|-
|-
| үхэр || uh-her || one cat
| арав ширхэг || arav shirheg || ten objects
|}
|}


Note that when counting animals, we use the word "нэг" (one) with the name of the animal. For example, "хонь" means "one horse".
== Cultural Insight ==


When counting multiple animals, we use the plural form of the animal's name. For example, "нохойн" means "dogs".
Counting systems can vary across different languages and cultures, and Halh Mongolian is no exception. The use of different counting systems for people, animals, and objects reflects the importance of these aspects in Mongolian culture. Mongolian nomadic herders, for example, have a deep connection to their livestock, and counting animals accurately is crucial for their livelihoods. Understanding and respecting these cultural nuances will not only help you master the language but also gain a deeper appreciation for the rich Mongolian heritage.


=== Counting Inanimate Objects ===
== Practice Exercises ==


When counting inanimate objects, Halh Mongolian uses a different counting system. Here are some examples:
Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Try the following exercises to reinforce what you've learned:
 
1. Write out the numbers from 1 to 10 in Halh Mongolian.
2. Practice pronouncing each number correctly.
3. Ask a friend to count objects, people, or animals, and try to understand their responses in Halh Mongolian.
4. Create your own scenarios and practice using ordinal numbers in sentences.
 
== Exercise Solutions ==
 
1. Halh Mongolian numbers from 1 to 10:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| нэг || neg || one
|-
| хоёр || khoyor || two
|-
| гурав || gurav || three
|-
| дөрөв || dorov || four
|-
|-
| нэг ширээ || neg shiree || one cup
| тав || tav || five
|-
|-
| хоёр тоног || khoor tonog || two shirts
| зургаа || zurgaa || six
|-
|-
| гурав сум || gurav sum || three bags
| долоо || doloo || seven
|-
|-
| дөрөв чулуу || dorov chuluu || four stones
| найм || naim || eight
|-
| ес || es || nine
|-
| арав || arav || ten
|}
|}


Note that when counting objects, we use a measure word after the number. For example, "ширээ" means "cup", and "нэг" means "one". So, we say "нэг ширээ" to mean "one cup".
2. Practice pronouncing each number correctly.
 
== Cultural Insights ==


Mathematics has always been an important discipline in Mongolia. The invention of the decimal system is attributed to a Buddhist monk from Mongolia named Bhaskara II. The decimal system is the most widely used system for counting and arithmetic operations in the world today.  
3. Practice dialogue:
Person A: "Хэдэн морьдог байна вэ?" (How many animals do you have?)
Person B: "Гурав морьдог байна." (I have three animals.)


Mongolian children start learning mathematics from an early age. Schools focus on developing foundation skills such as multiplication, addition, subtraction, and division. It is a vital skill as Mongolians have always been herders, and herders need to keep track of their livestock in a harsh environment.
4. Using ordinal numbers in sentences:
- "Би хоёрдугаар удаа уулзлаа." (I met him for the second time.)
- "Та гуравдугаар давхаргаас авч болно." (You can take it from the third shelf.)


In Mongolian culture, numbers also have a symbolic meaning. For example, the number "4" is considered unlucky as it sounds like the word "death" in Mongolian. In contrast, the number "9" is considered lucky and is often used for auspicious events like weddings.
== Conclusion ==


As a language teacher, I find that integrating cultural information and interesting facts into lessons helps students better engage with the material. I hope these insights into the importance of numbers in Mongolian culture will help motivate you to learn Halh Mongolian numbers and counting.
Congratulations! You have made significant progress in learning numbers and counting in Halh Mongolian. In this lesson, we covered cardinal and ordinal numbers, as well as the different counting systems used for people, animals, and objects. Remember to practice regularly to reinforce your knowledge. In the next lesson, we will explore the vocabulary related to food and drink, allowing you to expand your conversational skills even further. Удахгүй хүргэе! (Good luck!)


{{#seo:
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|keywords=Halh Mongolian, numbers, counting, cardinal numbers, ordinal numbers, counting systems, mathematics, Mongolian culture
|keywords=Halh Mongolian, Mongolian numbers, Mongolian counting, cardinal numbers, ordinal numbers, counting systems
|description=This lesson covers the numbers and counting in Halh Mongolian, including cardinal and ordinal numbers, as well as the different counting systems used for different objects. Learn more here.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to count in Halh Mongolian, including cardinal and ordinal numbers, as well as the different counting systems used for different objects.
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{{Halh-mongolian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Halh-mongolian-Course]]
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[[Category:Halh-mongolian-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/Business-and-Economy|Business and Economy]]
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/Business-and-Economy|Business and Economy]]
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/Seasons|Seasons]]
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/Seasons|Seasons]]


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Latest revision as of 03:36, 21 June 2023


Mongolia.png
Halh Mongolian → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Halh Mongolian Vocabulary → Numbers and Counting

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will dive into the world of numbers and counting in Halh Mongolian. Numbers are an essential part of any language, and learning how to count in Halh Mongolian will help you in various everyday situations, such as telling time, shopping, and even making new friends. We will cover cardinal and ordinal numbers, as well as the different counting systems used for different objects. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in Halh Mongolian numbers and counting.

Cardinal Numbers[edit | edit source]

Let's start with the basics - cardinal numbers. Cardinal numbers are used to express quantity or to count objects. In Halh Mongolian, cardinal numbers are relatively straightforward and follow a regular pattern. We will go through the numbers from 1 to 10 to get you started.

Numbers 1 to 10[edit | edit source]

Here are the numbers from 1 to 10 in Halh Mongolian:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English Translation
нэг neg one
хоёр khoyor two
гурав gurav three
дөрөв dorov four
тав tav five
зургаа zurgaa six
долоо doloo seven
найм naim eight
ес es nine
арав arav ten

Take your time to practice pronouncing each number correctly. Pay attention to the unique sounds in Halh Mongolian, such as the "х" in "хоёр" and the "ө" in "дөрөв."

Numbers 11 to 20[edit | edit source]

To form numbers from 11 to 20 in Halh Mongolian, you need to combine the word for "ten" (арав) with the numbers from 1 to 9. Let's take a look:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English Translation
арван нэг arvan neg eleven
арван хоёр arvan khoyor twelve
арван гурав arvan gurav thirteen
арван дөрөв arvan dorov fourteen
арван тав arvan tav fifteen
арван зургаа arvan zurgaa sixteen
арван долоо arvan doloo seventeen
арван найм arvan naim eighteen
арван ес arvan es nineteen
хорин khorin twenty

Notice that the numbers from 11 to 19 are formed by combining "арван" with the corresponding number from 1 to 9. However, the number 20 is expressed as "хорин" on its own.

Numbers 30, 40, 50, and Beyond[edit | edit source]

To form numbers from 30 onwards, the pattern continues. You combine the word for the tens digit (such as "арван" for 20) with the units digit (such as "гурав" for 3). Here are some examples:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English Translation
гуч guch thirty
дөч doch forty
тавч tavch fifty
зургач zurgach sixty
долооч dolooch seventy
наймч naimch eighty
есч esch ninety
зуун zuun one hundred

As you can see, the numbers from 30 to 90 are formed by combining the word for the tens digit with the suffix "-ч" (pronounced "ch"), which means "ten." The word for "one hundred" is "зуун."

Ordinal Numbers[edit | edit source]

Ordinal numbers are used to indicate the position or order of something. In Halh Mongolian, ordinal numbers are formed by adding the suffix "-дугаар" (pronounced "doogar") to the cardinal number. Let's look at some examples:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English Translation
нэгдүгээр negdügeer first
хоёрдугаар khoyordugaar second
гуравдугаар guravdugaar third
дөрөвдүгээр dorovdügeer fourth
тавдугаар tavdugaar fifth
зургаадугаар zurgaadugaar sixth
долоодугаар doloodugaar seventh
наймдугаар naimdugaar eighth
есдүгээр esdügeer ninth
аравдугаар aravdugaar tenth

Remember to pay attention to the pronunciation of the suffix "-дугаар" and practice saying each ordinal number correctly.

Counting Systems[edit | edit source]

In addition to cardinal and ordinal numbers, Halh Mongolian also has different counting systems depending on the object being counted. Let's explore some of these counting systems and the objects they are used for.

Counting People[edit | edit source]

When counting people in Halh Mongolian, you use the counting system "хүний." Here are the numbers from 1 to 10 in the "хүний" counting system:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English Translation
нэг хүний neg hüniy one person
хоёр хүний khoyor hüniy two people
гурав хүний gurav hüniy three people
дөрөв хүний dorov hüniy four people
тав хүний tav hüniy five people
зургаа хүний zurgaa hüniy six people
долоо хүний doloo hüniy seven people
найм хүний naim hüniy eight people
ес хүний es hüniy nine people
арав хүний arav hüniy ten people

Counting Animals[edit | edit source]

When counting animals in Halh Mongolian, you use the counting system "морьдог." Here are the numbers from 1 to 10 in the "морьдог" counting system:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English Translation
нэг морьдог neg mor'dog one animal
хоёр морьдог khoyor mor'dog two animals
гурав морьдог gurav mor'dog three animals
дөрөв морьдог dorov mor'dog four animals
тав морьдог tav mor'dog five animals
зургаа морьдог zurgaa mor'dog six animals
долоо морьдог doloo mor'dog seven animals
найм морьдог naim mor'dog eight animals
ес морьдог es mor'dog nine animals
арав морьдог arav mor'dog ten animals

Counting Objects[edit | edit source]

For counting objects in general, you use the counting system "ширхэг." Here are the numbers from 1 to 10 in the "ширхэг" counting system:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English Translation
нэг ширхэг neg shirheg one object
хоёр ширхэг khoyor shirheg two objects
гурав ширхэг gurav shirheg three objects
дөрөв ширхэг dorov shirheg four objects
тав ширхэг tav shirheg five objects
зургаа ширхэг zurgaa shirheg six objects
долоо ширхэг doloo shirheg seven objects
найм ширхэг naim shirheg eight objects
ес ширхэг es shirheg nine objects
арав ширхэг arav shirheg ten objects

Cultural Insight[edit | edit source]

Counting systems can vary across different languages and cultures, and Halh Mongolian is no exception. The use of different counting systems for people, animals, and objects reflects the importance of these aspects in Mongolian culture. Mongolian nomadic herders, for example, have a deep connection to their livestock, and counting animals accurately is crucial for their livelihoods. Understanding and respecting these cultural nuances will not only help you master the language but also gain a deeper appreciation for the rich Mongolian heritage.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Try the following exercises to reinforce what you've learned:

1. Write out the numbers from 1 to 10 in Halh Mongolian. 2. Practice pronouncing each number correctly. 3. Ask a friend to count objects, people, or animals, and try to understand their responses in Halh Mongolian. 4. Create your own scenarios and practice using ordinal numbers in sentences.

Exercise Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Halh Mongolian numbers from 1 to 10:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English Translation
нэг neg one
хоёр khoyor two
гурав gurav three
дөрөв dorov four
тав tav five
зургаа zurgaa six
долоо doloo seven
найм naim eight
ес es nine
арав arav ten

2. Practice pronouncing each number correctly.

3. Practice dialogue: Person A: "Хэдэн морьдог байна вэ?" (How many animals do you have?) Person B: "Гурав морьдог байна." (I have three animals.)

4. Using ordinal numbers in sentences: - "Би хоёрдугаар удаа уулзлаа." (I met him for the second time.) - "Та гуравдугаар давхаргаас авч болно." (You can take it from the third shelf.)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have made significant progress in learning numbers and counting in Halh Mongolian. In this lesson, we covered cardinal and ordinal numbers, as well as the different counting systems used for people, animals, and objects. Remember to practice regularly to reinforce your knowledge. In the next lesson, we will explore the vocabulary related to food and drink, allowing you to expand your conversational skills even further. Удахгүй хүргэе! (Good luck!)

Table of Contents - Halh Mongolian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to the Halh Mongolian Alphabet


Basic Greetings and Expressions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Travel and Transportation


Mongolian Customs and Traditions


Weather and Seasons


Mongolian Music and Arts



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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