Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/Cardinal-Numbers

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Halh MongolianVocabulary0 to A1 Course → Numbers and Time → Cardinal Numbers

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on cardinal numbers in Halh Mongolian! In this lesson, we will explore the fundamental aspect of counting and expressing quantities in the Halh Mongolian language. Numbers are essential in our daily lives, whether it's counting objects, telling time, or expressing quantities. By mastering the cardinal numbers, you will gain a solid foundation in the language and be able to engage in basic conversations with native speakers. So let's get started and dive into the fascinating world of numbers in Halh Mongolian!

Table of Contents[edit | edit source]

Cardinal Numbers[edit | edit source]

Cardinal numbers are the basic numbers used for counting and expressing quantities. In Halh Mongolian, the cardinal numbers are used extensively in various contexts, such as telling time, expressing age, and counting objects. It is crucial to familiarize yourself with these numbers to communicate effectively in the language. In this section, we will learn the cardinal numbers from zero to ten, and then explore larger numbers and their pronunciation. Let's begin!

Numbers from Zero to Ten[edit | edit source]

Here are the cardinal numbers from zero to ten in Halh Mongolian:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English Translation
нэг neg one
хоёр khoyor two
гурав gurav three
дөрөв döröv four
тав tav five
зургаа zurgaa six
долоо doloo seven
найм naim eight
ес yes nine
арав arav ten

Take your time to practice pronouncing these numbers. It is essential to pay attention to the correct pronunciation to ensure effective communication. Let's move on to larger numbers!

Larger Numbers[edit | edit source]

In addition to the numbers from zero to ten, it is crucial to learn larger numbers to express quantities accurately. In Halh Mongolian, larger numbers are formed by combining the cardinal numbers with specific words. Here are a few examples:

  • 11 - арван нэг (arvan neg) - eleven
  • 20 - хорин (khorin) - twenty
  • 35 - гурван зургаа (gurvan zurgaa) - thirty-five
  • 48 - дөрвөн найм (dörvön naim) - forty-eight
  • 50 - таван (tavan) - fifty
  • 100 - нэг зуун (neg zuun) - one hundred
  • 1000 - нэг мянга (neg myanga) - one thousand

As you can see, larger numbers in Halh Mongolian follow a specific pattern, where the cardinal numbers are combined with words like "арван" (arvan) for eleven, "хорин" (khorin) for twenty, and so on. Make sure to practice these larger numbers to strengthen your understanding of counting and expressing quantities in Halh Mongolian.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

Numbers play a significant role in Mongolian culture and have deep historical roots. The nomadic lifestyle of the Mongolian people has influenced the way numbers are perceived and used in daily life. For example, the number "нэг" (neg) meaning "one" is not only used for counting but also represents unity and harmony, reflecting the interconnectedness of the nomadic communities. Similarly, the number "арван" (arvan) meaning "ten" is associated with completeness and is often used in traditional Mongolian proverbs and sayings.

In addition to their symbolic meaning, numbers are also essential in traditional Mongolian games and rituals. The game of "шагай" (shagai), which involves throwing sheep anklebones, is often played with a set of four anklebones, each representing a different number. The outcome of the game is determined by the combination of numbers obtained from the anklebones, adding an element of chance and excitement to the gameplay.

Furthermore, numbers are also significant in Mongolian folklore and mythology. Many traditional stories and legends feature mystical creatures or characters associated with specific numbers. For example, the number "дөрөв" (döröv) meaning "four" is often associated with four magical animals representing the four cardinal directions in Mongolian mythology.

Understanding the cultural significance of numbers in Mongolian society adds depth and richness to your language learning journey. It allows you to appreciate the language in its broader cultural context and enhances your ability to connect with native speakers on a deeper level.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now, let's practice what we've learned! Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of cardinal numbers in Halh Mongolian.

Exercise 1: Number Matching[edit | edit source]

Match the Halh Mongolian numbers with their corresponding English translations.

Halh Mongolian English Translation
нэг a) three
хоёр b) seven
гурав c) one
дөрөв d) two
тав e) four

Solution:

  • нэг - c) one
  • хоёр - d) two
  • гурав - a) three
  • дөрөв - e) four
  • тав - b) seven

Exercise 2: Counting Objects[edit | edit source]

Count the number of objects in the following sentences and write the corresponding Halh Mongolian numbers.

1. I have three apples. 2. There are five books on the table. 3. She bought six pencils. 4. We need nine chairs for the meeting. 5. He caught four fish in the river.

Solution: 1. I have three apples. - Би гурав алим өгсөн. 2. There are five books on the table. - Цэгэн зургаан нарны оронд тав ам. 3. She bought six pencils. - Тэр зургаа өдрийн наймыг авсан. 4. We need nine chairs for the meeting. - Бид хуралдаанд найман оронсуулга шаардлагатай. 5. He caught four fish in the river. - Тэр голд дөрвөн шар угсаатайг авсан.

Exercise 3: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct Halh Mongolian numbers.

1. There are __________ students in the classroom. 2. My sister is __________ years old. 3. We have __________ days left until the holiday. 4. He has __________ dogs as pets. 5. The concert starts at __________ o'clock.

Solution: 1. There are гурав students in the classroom. 2. My sister is найм years old. 3. We have гурав days left until the holiday. 4. He has дөрөв dogs as pets. 5. The concert starts at тав o'clock.

Congratulations! You've completed the exercises. Well done!

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have explored the cardinal numbers in Halh Mongolian and learned how to use them in counting and expressing quantities. We started with the numbers from zero to ten and then expanded our knowledge to larger numbers. We also gained insights into the cultural significance of numbers in Mongolian society, enriching our understanding of the language and its context. By practicing the exercises, you have strengthened your skills in using cardinal numbers in Halh Mongolian. Keep practicing and incorporating these numbers into your daily life to become even more proficient in the language. Good luck on your language learning journey!

Table of Contents - Halh Mongolian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to the Halh Mongolian Alphabet


Basic Greetings and Expressions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Travel and Transportation


Mongolian Customs and Traditions


Weather and Seasons


Mongolian Music and Arts



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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