This list here combines the advantages of several German strong and mixed verb lists on the Internet.
You can find a relatively complete list of strong and mixed verbs:
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:German_verbs_by_inflection_type
Strong verbs
Strong verbs are divided into 7 classes in Wiktionary:
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:German_strong_verbs
Class 1
infinitive
|
3rd person present
|
singular imperative
|
3rd person singular simple past
|
3rd person singular subjunctive ii
|
auxiliary verb + past participle
|
main English meanings
|
note
|
beißen/beissen
|
beißt/beisst
|
beiße/beisse
|
biss
|
bisse
|
hat gebissen
|
to bite; to sting
|
The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|
bleiben
|
bleibt
|
bleibe
|
blieb
|
bliebe
|
ist geblieben
|
to remain; to stay
|
|
gedeihen
|
gedeiht
|
gedeihe
|
gedieh
|
gediehe
|
ist gediehen
|
to thrive
|
|
gleichen
|
gleicht
|
gleiche
|
glich
|
gliche
|
hat geglichen
|
to resemble; to be alike
|
|
gleiten
|
gleitet
|
gleite
|
glitt
|
glitte
|
ist geglitten
|
to glide; to slide
|
Its derived term “begleiten” is a weak verb.
|
greifen
|
greift
|
gereife
|
griff
|
griffe
|
hat gegriffen
|
to grab; to seize; to capture
|
|
kneifen
|
kneift
|
kneife
|
kniff
|
kniffe
|
hat gekniffen
|
to pinch; to squeeze
|
|
leiden
|
leidet
|
leide
|
litt
|
litte
|
hat gelitten
|
to bear; to suffer
|
Its derived term “verleiden” is a weak verb.
|
leihen
|
leiht
|
leihe
|
lieh
|
liehe
|
hat geliehen
|
to lend; to borrow
|
|
meiden
|
meidet
|
meide
|
mied
|
miede
|
hat gemieden
|
to avoid; to shun
|
|
pfeifen
|
pfeift
|
pfeife
|
pfiff
|
pfiffe
|
hat gepfiffen
|
to whistle; to act as referee
|
|
preisen
|
preist
|
preise
|
pries
|
pfriese
|
hat gepriesen
|
to praise
|
|
reiben
|
reibt
|
reibe
|
rieb
|
riebe
|
hat gerieben
|
to rub; to grate
|
|
reißen/reissen
|
reißt/reisst
|
reiße/reisse
|
riss
|
risse
|
ist/hat gerissen
|
to tear; to break; to snatch
|
When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”: when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
|
reiten
|
reitet
|
reite
|
ritt
|
ritte
|
ist/hat geritten
|
to ride
|
When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”, with “ist” also practically used: when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
|
scheiden
|
scheidet
|
scheide
|
schied
|
schiede
|
ist/hat geschieden
|
to separate; to be separated
|
When it is transitive or reflexive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”: when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
|
scheinen
|
scheint
|
scheine
|
schien
|
schiene
|
hat geschienen
|
to shine; to seem
|
|
scheißen/scheissen
|
scheißt/scheisst
|
scheiß/scheiss
|
schiss
|
schisse
|
hat geschissen
|
(vulgar) to shit
|
The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|
schleichen
|
schleicht
|
schleiche
|
schlich
|
schliche
|
ist geschlichen
|
to crawl; to sneak; (car) to move slowly
|
|
schleifen
|
schleift
|
schleife
|
schleifte/schliff
|
schleifte/schliffe
|
hat geschliffen
|
to whet; to drag
|
When it means “to whet”, the strong forms are used; otherwise the weak form.
|
schmeißen
|
schmeißt
|
schmeiße
|
schmiss
|
schmisse
|
hat geschmissen
|
to throw; to drop by accident; to manage
|
|
schneiden
|
schneidet
|
schneide
|
schnitt
|
schnitte
|
hat geschnitten
|
to cut; to pare; to cut off; to intersect
|
|
schreiben
|
schreibt
|
schreibe
|
schrieb
|
schriebe
|
hat geschrieben
|
to write; to spell
|
|
schreien
|
schreit
|
schreie
|
schrie
|
schriee
|
hat geschrien
|
to shout; to yell
|
|
schreiten
|
schreitet
|
schreite
|
schritt
|
schritte
|
ist geschritten
|
to stride
|
|
schweigen
|
schweigt
|
schweige
|
schwieg
|
schwiege
|
hat geschwiegen
|
to be silent; to stop talking
|
|
speien
|
speit
|
speie
|
spie
|
spie/spiee
|
hat gespien
|
to spit
|
|
steigen
|
steigt
|
steige
|
stieg
|
stiege
|
ist gestiegen
|
to ascend; to climb; to rise; to rear up
|
|
streichen
|
streicht
|
schteiche
|
strich
|
striche
|
ist/hat gestrichen
|
to stroke; to cancel; to spread; to paint
|
|
streiten
|
streitet
|
streite
|
stritt
|
stritte
|
hat gestritten
|
to quarrel; to fight
|
|
treiben
|
treibt
|
treibe
|
trieb
|
triebe
|
ist/hat getrieben
|
to propel; to put forth; to urge; to drift; to sprout; to do
|
When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
|
verzeihen
|
verzeiht
|
verzeihe
|
verzieh
|
verziehe
|
hat verziehen
|
to forgive
|
|
weichen
|
weicht
|
weiche
|
weichte/wich
|
weichte/wiche
|
hat geweicht/ist gewichen
|
to wane; to yield; to soak
|
When it means“ to soak”, the weak forms are used.
|
weisen
|
weist
|
weise
|
wies
|
wiese
|
hat gewiesen
|
to point; to indicate
|
|
Class 2
infinitive
|
3rd person present
|
singular imperative
|
3rd person singular simple past
|
3rd person singular subjunctive ii
|
auxiliary verb + past participle
|
main English meanings
|
note
|
biegen
|
biegt
|
biege
|
bog
|
böge
|
ist/hat gebogen
|
to bend; to turn
|
When it means “to bend”, the auxiliary verb is “hat”: when it means “to turn”, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
|
bieten
|
bietet
|
biete
|
bot
|
böte
|
hat geboten
|
to offer; to bid
|
|
erkiesen
|
erkiest
|
erkiese
|
erkor
|
erköre
|
hat erkoren
|
to choose
|
|
fliegen
|
fliegt
|
fliege
|
flog
|
flöge
|
ist/hat geflogen
|
to fly; to rush
|
When it means “to rush”, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
|
fliehen
|
flieht
|
fliehe
|
floh
|
flöhe
|
ist geflohen
|
to flee
|
When it means “to flee from”, the auxiliary verb is “hat”.
|
fließen/fliessen
|
fließt/fliesst
|
fließe/fliesse
|
floss
|
flösse
|
ist geflossen
|
to flow
|
The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|
frieren
|
friert
|
friere
|
fror
|
fröre
|
ist/hat gefroren
|
to freeze; to feel code; to be freezing
|
When it means “to freeze”, the auxiliary verb is “ist”: when it means “to feel cold” or “to be freezing”, the auxiliary verb is “hat”.
|
genießen/geniessen
|
genießt/geniesst
|
genieße/geniesse
|
genoss
|
genösse
|
hat genossen
|
to enjoy; to have (food and drink)
|
The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|
gießen/giessen
|
gießt/giesst
|
gieße/giesse
|
goss
|
gösse
|
hat gegossen
|
to pour; to cast; to water; to rain
|
The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|
kriechen
|
kriecht
|
krieche
|
kroch
|
kröche
|
ist gekrochen
|
to crawl; to creep
|
|
lügen
|
lügt
|
lüge
|
log
|
löge
|
hat gelogen
|
to tell a lie; (less often) to unintentionally give false information
|
|
riechen
|
riecht
|
rieche
|
roch
|
röche
|
hat gerochen
|
to smell; to reek
|
|
saufen
|
säuft
|
saufe
|
soff
|
söffe
|
hat gesoffen
|
(an animal) to drink; to booze
|
|
saugen
|
saugt
|
sauge
|
saugte/sog
|
saugte/söge
|
hat gesaugt/gesogen
|
to suck; to vacuum
|
When it means “to such”, the strong forms are used: when it means “to vacuum”, the weak forms are used.
|
schieben
|
schiebt
|
schiebe
|
schob
|
schöbe
|
hat geschoben
|
to push; to slide
|
|
schießen/schiessen
|
schießt/schiesst
|
schieße/schiesse
|
schoss
|
schösse
|
ist/hat geschossen
|
to shoot; (photography) to shoot; (sports) to kick
|
The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|
schließen/schliessen
|
schließt/schliesst
|
schließe/schliesse
|
schloss
|
schlösse
|
hat geschlossen
|
to shut; to close; to lock; to conclude
|
The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|
sieden
|
siedet
|
siede
|
siedete/sott
|
siedete/sötte
|
hat gesotten
|
to simmer; to boil
|
|
sprießen/spriessen
|
sprießt/spriesst
|
sprieße/spriesse
|
sproß
|
sprösse
|
ist gesprossen
|
to sprout
|
The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|
trügen
|
trügt
|
trüge
|
trog
|
tröge
|
hat getrogen
|
to deceive; to be deceptive
|
|
verdrießen/verdriessen
|
verdrießt/verdriesst
|
verdrieße/verdriesse
|
verdross
|
verdrösse
|
hat verdrossen
|
to chagrin
|
The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|
verlieren
|
verliert
|
verliere
|
verlor
|
verlöre
|
hat verloren
|
to lose; to shed; to trail away
|
|
wiegen
|
wiegt
|
wiege
|
wiegte/wog
|
wiegte/wöge
|
hat gewogen
|
to weigh; to sway; to chop
|
When it means “to weigh”, the strong forms are used; otherwise the weak form.
|
ziehen
|
zieht
|
ziehe
|
zog
|
zöge
|
ist/hat gezogen
|
to pull; to draw; to move; to roam
|
When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
|
Class 3
infinitive
|
3rd person present
|
singular imperative
|
3rd person singular simple past
|
3rd person singular subjunctive ii
|
auxiliary verb + past participle
|
main English meanings
|
note
|
beginnen
|
beginnt
|
beginne
|
begann
|
begänne/begönne
|
hat begonnen
|
to begin
|
|
bergen
|
birgt
|
birg
|
barg
|
bärge
|
hat geborgen
|
to rescue; to salvage
|
|
bersten
|
berstet/birst
|
birst
|
barst/borst
|
bärste
|
ist geborsten
|
to burst
|
“Berstet” and “borst” are seldom used; 2nd person singular present: “birst”.
|
bewegen
|
bewegt
|
bewege
|
bewegte/bewog
|
bewegte/bewöge
|
hat bewogen
|
to induce; to move
|
When it means “to move”, the weak forms are used: when it means “to induce”, the strong forms are used.
|
binden
|
bindet
|
binde
|
band
|
bände
|
hat gebunden
|
to bind
|
|
dreschen
|
drischt
|
drisch
|
drosch
|
drösche
|
hat gedroschen
|
to thresh
|
|
dringen
|
dringt
|
dringe
|
drang
|
dränge
|
ist/hat gedrungen
|
to insist; to seep; to force one’e way
|
When it means “to insist”, the auxiliary verb is “hat”; otherwise “ist”.
|
erklimmen
|
erklimmt
|
erklimme
|
erklomm
|
erklömme
|
hat erklommen
|
to climb
|
|
erlöschen
|
erlöscht/erlischt
|
erlösche/erlische
|
erlöschte/erlosch
|
erlöschte/erlösche
|
hat erlöscht / ist erloschen
|
to extinguish; to go out; to lapse
|
When it is transitive, the weak forms are used: when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used.
|
fechten
|
ficht
|
ficht
|
focht
|
föchte
|
hat gefochten
|
to fence; to fight
|
It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard; only the standard form has the sense of “to fight”.
|
finden
|
findet
|
finde
|
fand
|
fände
|
hat gefunden
|
to find; to think (something) to be
|
|
flechten
|
flicht
|
flicht
|
flocht
|
flöchte
|
hat geflochten
|
to plait, to braid
|
It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard.
|
gären
|
gärt
|
gäre
|
gärte/gor
|
gärte/göre
|
hat gegärt / ist/hat gegoren
|
to ferment; to be agitated
|
When it means “to ferment”, the strong forms are used: when it means “to be agitated”, the weak forms are used.
|
gelingen
|
gelingt
|
gelinge
|
gelang
|
gelänge
|
ist gelungen
|
to succeed
|
|
gelten
|
gilt
|
gilt
|
galt
|
gälte/gölte
|
hat gegolten
|
to be valid; to be effective; to be worth
|
|
gewinnen
|
gewinnt
|
gewinne
|
gewann
|
gewänne
|
hat gewonnen
|
to win; to gain; to persuade
|
|
glimmen
|
glimmt
|
glimme
|
glimmte/glomm
|
glimmte/glömme
|
hat geglimmt/geglommen
|
to shine; to glow
|
|
helfen
|
hilft
|
hilf
|
half
|
hülfe/hälfe
|
hat geholfen
|
to help
|
|
klingen
|
klingt
|
klinge
|
klang
|
klänge
|
hat geklungen
|
to sound
|
|
misslingen
|
misslingt
|
misslinge
|
misslang
|
misslänge
|
ist misslungen
|
to fail
|
|
quellen
|
quillt
|
quill
|
quoll
|
quölle
|
ist gequollen
|
to well; to swell
|
|
ringen
|
ringt
|
ringe
|
rang
|
ränge
|
hat gerungen
|
to wrestle; to struggle
|
|
rinnen
|
rinnt
|
rinne
|
rann
|
ränne/rönne
|
ist geronnen
|
to flow; to leak; to run; to trickle
|
|
schelten
|
schilt
|
schilt
|
schalt
|
schälte/schölte
|
hat gescholten
|
to scold
|
|
schlingen
|
schlingt
|
schlinge
|
schlang
|
schlänge
|
hat geschlungen
|
to wind; to tie; to gobble
|
|
schmelzen
|
schmilzt
|
schmilz
|
schmolz
|
schmölze
|
ist/hat geschmolzen
|
to melt; to smelt
|
When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
|
schwellen
|
schwillt
|
schwill
|
schwoll
|
schwölle
|
ist geschwollen
|
to swell up
|
|
schwimmen
|
schwimmt
|
schwimme
|
schwamm/schwomm
|
schwämme/schwömme
|
ist/hat geschwommen
|
to swim; to float
|
When it means “to swim”, the auxiliary verb is “hat” or “ist”; otherwise “ist”.
|
schwinden
|
schwindet
|
schwinde
|
schwand
|
schwände
|
ist geschwunden
|
to dwindle
|
|
schwingen
|
schwingt
|
schwinge
|
schwang
|
schwänge
|
ist/hat geschwungen
|
to swing; to wave; to vibrate
|
When it means “to swing” for intransitive use, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
|
singen
|
singt
|
singe
|
sang
|
sänge
|
hat gesungen
|
to sing
|
|
sinken
|
sinkt
|
sinke
|
sank
|
sänke
|
ist gesunken
|
to sink; to submerge
|
|
spinnen
|
spinnt
|
spinne
|
spann
|
spänne/spönne
|
hat gesponnen
|
to spin; to fabricate (a story); to be creazy
|
|
springen
|
springt
|
springe
|
sprang
|
spränge
|
ist gesprungen
|
to spring; to jump
|
|
sterben
|
stirbt
|
stirb
|
starb
|
stürbe
|
ist gestorben
|
to die
|
|
stinken
|
stinkt
|
stinke
|
stank
|
stänke
|
hat gestunken
|
to stink
|
|
trinken
|
trinkt
|
trinke
|
trank
|
tränke
|
hat getrunken
|
to drink
|
|
verderben
|
verdirbt
|
verdirb
|
verdarb
|
verdürbe
|
ist/hat verdorben
|
to ruin; to deprive; to spoil; to be offensive
|
|
wägen
|
wägt
|
wäge
|
wog
|
wöge
|
hat gewogen
|
to weigh
|
|
werben
|
wirbt
|
wirb
|
warb
|
würbe
|
hat geworben
|
to recruit; to advertise
|
|
werfen
|
wirft
|
wirf
|
warf
|
würfe
|
hat geworfen
|
to throw; to cast; (an animal) to give birth
|
|
winden
|
windet
|
winde
|
wand
|
wände
|
hat gewunden
|
to wind; to twist; to squirm
|
|
wringen
|
wringt
|
wringe
|
wrang
|
wränge
|
hat gewrungen
|
to wring (clothes)
|
|
zwingen
|
zwingt
|
zwinge
|
zwang
|
zwänge
|
hat gezwungen
|
to force; to compel; to necessitate
|
|
Class 4
infinitive
|
3rd person present
|
singular imperative
|
3rd person singular simple past
|
3rd person singular subjunctive ii
|
auxiliary verb + past participle
|
main English meanings
|
note
|
befehlen
|
befiehlt
|
befiehl
|
befahl
|
befähle
|
hat befohlen
|
to command; to give orders
|
|
brechen
|
bricht
|
brich
|
brach
|
bräche
|
ist/hat gebrochen
|
to break
|
When it means “to be broken”, the auxiliary verb is “ist”; otherwise “hat”.
|
empfehlen
|
empfiehlt
|
empfiehl
|
empfahl
|
empfähle
|
hat empfohlen
|
to recommend
|
|
erschrecken
|
erschreckt/erschrickt
|
erschrecke/erschricke
|
erschreckte/erschrak
|
erschreckte/erschräke
|
hat erschreckt / ist erschrocken
|
to be frightened
|
When it is transitive/reflexive, the weak forms are used: when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used.
|
gebären
|
gebärt/gebiert
|
gebier
|
gebar
|
gebäre
|
hat geboren
|
to give birth; to give birth to
|
It has a set of weak form but it is non-standard.
|
kommen
|
kommt
|
komme
|
kam
|
käme
|
ist gekommen
|
to come; to get; to occur; to be due to; to be played; to obtain; to get an idea
|
|
nehmen
|
nimmt
|
nimm
|
nahm
|
nähme
|
hat genommen
|
to take; to seize; to become; to receive; to accept
|
|
scheren
|
schert/schiert
|
schere/schier
|
scherte/schor
|
scherte/schöre
|
ist/hat geschert / hat geschoren
|
to shear; to clip; to cut; to bother; to go into a direction
|
When it means “to go into a direction”, the weak forms are used: when it means “to shear”, “to clip”, “to cut”, “to bother”, the strong forms are used.
|
sinnen
|
sinnt
|
sinn
|
sann
|
sänne/sönne
|
hat gesonnen
|
to think; to intend
|
|
sprechen
|
spricht
|
sprich
|
sprach
|
spräche
|
hat gesprochen
|
to speak
|
|
stechen
|
sticht
|
stich
|
stach
|
stäche
|
hat gestochen
|
to stick; to cut; (the sun) burn
|
|
stehlen
|
stiehlt
|
stiehl
|
stahl
|
stähle/stöhle
|
hat gestohlen
|
to steal; to skulk
|
|
treffen
|
trifft
|
triff
|
traf
|
träfe
|
hat getroffen
|
to meet; to hit; to affect; to concern
|
|
Class 5
infinitive
|
3rd person present
|
singular imperative
|
3rd person singular simple past
|
3rd person singular subjunctive ii
|
auxiliary verb + past participle
|
main English meanings
|
note
|
bitten
|
bittet
|
bitte
|
bat
|
bäte
|
hat gebeten
|
to ask, to beg
|
|
essen
|
isst
|
iss
|
aß/ass
|
äße/ässe
|
hat gegessen
|
to eat
|
Some Austrian people use “gessen” as the auxiliary verb; the forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|
fressen
|
frisst
|
friss
|
fraß/frass
|
fräße/frässe
|
hat gefressen
|
(an animal) to eat
|
The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|
geben
|
gibt
|
gib
|
gab
|
gäbe
|
hat gegeben
|
to give; to present; there to be; to result in
|
|
genesen
|
genest
|
genese
|
genas
|
genäse
|
ist genesen
|
to recover
|
|
geschehen
|
geschieht
|
geschieh
|
geschah
|
geschähe
|
ist geschehen
|
to occur
|
|
lesen
|
liest
|
lies
|
las
|
läse
|
hat gelesen
|
to read
|
|
liegen
|
liegt
|
liege
|
lag
|
läge
|
ist/hat gelegen
|
to lie (in a horizontal position); to lie somewhere; to be located
|
|
messen
|
misst
|
miss
|
maß
|
mäße
|
hat gemessen
|
to measure; to compete
|
|
sehen
|
sieht
|
siehe
|
sah
|
sähe
|
hat gesehen
|
to see; to realize; to meet
|
|
sitzen
|
sitzt
|
sitz
|
saß
|
säße
|
ist/hat gesessen
|
to sit; to stay; (clothing) to fit
|
|
treten
|
tritt
|
tritt
|
trat
|
träte
|
ist/hat getreten
|
to step; to kick; to appear
|
When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
|
vergessen
|
vergisst
|
vergiss
|
vergaß
|
vergäße
|
hat vergessen
|
to forget; to forget to take; to overlook
|
|
Class 6
infinitive
|
3rd person present
|
singular imperative
|
3rd person singular simple past
|
3rd person singular subjunctive ii
|
auxiliary verb + past participle
|
main English meanings
|
note
|
backen
|
backt/bäckt
|
backe
|
backte/buk
|
backte/büke
|
hat gebackt/gebacken
|
to back; to stick
|
The normal form of the past participle is “gebacken”; “to stick” is generally expressed with the weak form plus “gebacken”.
|
fahren
|
fährt
|
fahre
|
fuhr
|
führe
|
ist/hat gefahren
|
to go by vehicle; to sail
|
When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”: when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”.
|
graben
|
gräbt
|
grabe
|
grub
|
grübe
|
hat gegraben
|
to dig; to burrow
|
|
heben
|
hebt
|
hebe
|
hob
|
höbe/hübe
|
hat gehoben
|
to lift; to heave; to rise
|
|
laden
|
lädt
|
lade
|
lud
|
lüde
|
hat geladen
|
to load; to charge; to invite
|
2nd person singular simple present: lädst; 2nd person singular simple past: ludest/ludst.
|
mahlen
|
mahlt/mählt
|
mahle/mähl
|
mahlte/muhl
|
mahlte/mühle
|
hat gemahlen
|
to grind
|
|
schaffen
|
schafft/schaffte
|
schaffe
|
schuf/schaffte
|
schüfe/schaffte
|
hat geschaffen/geschaft
|
to create; to establish; to manage; to finish; to convoy
|
When it means “to create”, “to establish”, the strong forms are used; otherwise the weak form.
|
schlagen
|
schlägt
|
schlage
|
schlug
|
schlüge
|
hat geschlagen
|
to beat; to hit; to win
|
|
schwören
|
schwört
|
schwöre
|
schwor
|
schwöre/schwüre
|
hat geschworen
|
to swear; to take an oath
|
|
tragen
|
trägt
|
trage
|
trug
|
trüge
|
hat getragen
|
to wear; to carry; (argriculture) to produce; (argriculture) to crop; to support
|
Its derived terms “beauftragen” and “beantragen” are weak verbs.
|
wachsen
|
wachst/wächst
|
wachse
|
wachste/wuchs
|
wachste/wüchse
|
ist gewachsen
|
to grow; to wax
|
When it means “to wax”, the weak forms are used; when it means “to grow”, the strong forms are used.
|
waschen
|
wäscht
|
wasche
|
wusch
|
wüsche
|
hat gewaschen
|
to wash
|
|
Class 7
infinitive
|
3rd person present
|
singular imperative
|
3rd person singular simple past
|
3rd person singular subjunctive ii
|
auxiliary verb + past participle
|
main English meanings
|
note
|
blasen
|
bläst
|
blase
|
blies
|
bliese
|
hat geblasen
|
to blow
|
|
braten
|
brät
|
brate
|
briet
|
briete
|
hat gebraten
|
to fry
|
|
fallen
|
fällt
|
falle
|
fiel
|
fiele
|
ist gefallen
|
to fall; to fall in battle; to become lower
|
|
fangen
|
fängt
|
fang
|
fing
|
finge
|
hat gefangen
|
to catch; to improve in health; to calm down
|
|
gehen
|
geht
|
gehe
|
ging
|
ginge
|
ist gegangen
|
to go, to walk; to leave; to be going; to be possible; to work; to be in progress
|
|
halten
|
hält
|
halte
|
hielt
|
hielte
|
hat gehalten
|
to hold; to stop; to support; to keep; to consider; to adhere
|
Its derived term “beinhalten” is a weak verb.
|
hängen
|
hängt
|
hänge
|
hängte/hing
|
hängte/hinge
|
hat gehängt/gehangen
|
to hang; to attach to; to depend on; to hang suspend
|
When it is transitive, the weak forms are used: when it is intransitive, the strong forms are used.
|
heißen/heissen
|
heißt/heisst
|
heiße/heisse
|
hieß/hiess
|
hieße/hiesse
|
hat geheißen/geheissen
|
to be called; to mean; to be said
|
The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|
lassen
|
lässt
|
lasse
|
ließ
|
ließe
|
hat gelassen
|
to let; to allow; to have someone (do something); to have (something done); to leave; to stop
|
|
laufen
|
läuft
|
laufe
|
lief
|
liefe
|
ist/hat gelaufen
|
to run; to walk; to flow; to be in progress; to be in order
|
|
raten
|
rät
|
rate
|
riet
|
riete
|
hat geraten
|
to advise; to guess
|
|
rufen
|
ruft
|
rufe
|
rief
|
riefe
|
hat gerufen
|
to call out; to call (for someone)
|
|
schlafen
|
schläft
|
schlafe
|
schlief
|
schliefe
|
hat geschlafen
|
to sleep
|
|
stoßen/stossen
|
stößt/stösst
|
stoße/stosse
|
stieß
|
stieße
|
ist/hat gestoßen
|
to bump; to push; to jolt
|
The forms using “ss” instead of “ß” are used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
|
Mixed verbs
infinitive
|
3rd person present
|
singular imperative
|
3rd person singular simple past
|
3rd person singular subjunctive ii
|
auxiliary verb + past participle
|
main English meanings
|
note
|
brennen
|
brennt
|
brenne
|
brannte
|
brennte
|
hat gebrannt
|
to burn; to be affectionate; to be lit; to irritate; to fire; to distil
|
|
bringen
|
bringt
|
bringe
|
brachte
|
brächte
|
hat gebracht
|
to bring; to take; to lead; to aquire
|
|
denken
|
denkt
|
denke
|
dachte
|
dächte
|
hat gedacht
|
to think; not to forget; to imagine
|
|
dürfen
|
darf
|
-
|
durfte
|
dürfte
|
hat gedurft
|
to be allowed; may
|
|
haben
|
hat
|
habe
|
hatte
|
hätte
|
hat gehabt
|
to have
|
|
hauen
|
haut
|
haue
|
haute/hieb
|
haute/hiebe
|
hat gehaut/gehauen
|
to thrust; to cut; to hit
|
|
kennen
|
kennt
|
kenne
|
kannte
|
kennte
|
hat gekannt
|
to know
|
|
können
|
kann
|
-
|
konnte
|
könnte
|
hat gekonnt
|
to be able; can; to be allowed; to know how to
|
|
melken
|
melkt/milkt
|
melke
|
melkte/molk
|
melkte/mölke
|
hat gemelkt/gemolken
|
to milk; to drain
|
2nd person singular present: milkst.
|
mögen
|
mag
|
-
|
mochte
|
möchte
|
hat gemocht
|
to like; to want to go; may; to be hesitant to; to want to
|
|
müssen
|
muss
|
-
|
musste
|
müsste
|
hat gemusst
|
to have to; must
|
|
nennen
|
nennt
|
nenne
|
nannte
|
nennte/nannte
|
hat genannt
|
to name; to call; to mention
|
|
rennen
|
rennt
|
renne
|
rannte
|
rennte
|
ist/hat gerannt
|
to run
|
When it is transitive, the auxiliary verb is “hat”; when it is intransitive, the auxiliary verb is “ist”.
|
salzen
|
salzt
|
salze
|
salzte
|
salzte
|
hat gesalzen
|
to salt; to preserve (something) with salt
|
|
schinden
|
schindet
|
schinde
|
schund
|
schünde
|
hat geschunden
|
to mistreat
|
|
sein
|
ist
|
sei
|
war
|
wäre
|
ist gewesen
|
to be; to feel; to exist
|
1st person singular present: bin; 2nd person singular present: bist.
|
senden
|
sendet
|
sende/sende
|
sendete/sandte
|
sendete
|
hat gesendet/gesandt
|
to broadcast; to send
|
When it means “to broadcast”, the weak forms are used.
|
sollen
|
soll
|
-
|
sollte
|
sollte
|
hat gesollt/sollen
|
should; to be obligated (to do something); to be recommended (to do something); to intend (to do something); to be said (to do something)
|
|
spalten
|
spaltet
|
spalte
|
spaltete
|
spaltete
|
hat gespalten/gespaltet
|
to splite; to cleave
|
|
stehen
|
steht
|
stehe
|
stand
|
stände/stünde
|
ist/hat gestanden
|
to stand; to appear
|
|
tun
|
tut
|
tue
|
tat
|
täte
|
hat getan
|
to do; to make a difference; to fake
|
|
wenden
|
wendet
|
wende/wende
|
wendete/wandte
|
wendete
|
hat gewendet/gewandt
|
to turn; to avert
|
When it means “to make a u-turn”; the weak forms are used.
|
werden
|
wird
|
werde
|
wurde
|
würde
|
ist geworden
|
will; to be done; to become
|
1st person singular present: werde; 2nd person singular present: wirst.
|
wissen
|
weiß
|
-
|
wusste
|
wüsste
|
hat gewusst
|
to know; to remember
|
|
wollen
|
will
|
-
|
wollte
|
wollte
|
hat gewollt
|
to want
|
|