Language/Czech/Grammar/Instrumental-Case-in-Czech
Hi Czech learners! đ
In today's lesson, we will be exploring the Instrumental Case in Czech grammar. The Instrumental Case is one of the seven cases in Czech and is used to indicate the means or instrument by which an action is carried out.
Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: Czech Grammar: Learn Demonstrative Pronouns, Conditional Mood, Introduction to Nouns & Nouns.
What is the Instrumental Case?[edit | edit source]
The Instrumental Case is used to indicate the means or instrument by which an action is carried out. In English, we use phrases like "by means of," "with," or "using" to express the same idea. In Czech, the Instrumental Case is formed by adding specific endings to nouns and adjectives.
When is the Instrumental Case used?[edit | edit source]
The Instrumental Case is used in the following situations:
- To indicate the means or instrument by which an action is carried out.
- In certain fixed expressions and idioms.
How to Form the Instrumental Case[edit | edit source]
The Instrumental Case is formed by adding specific endings to nouns and adjectives. The endings differ depending on the gender and number of the noun or adjective.
Here are the general rules:
Masculine Nouns[edit | edit source]
To form the Instrumental Case of masculine nouns, add the following endings to the nominative form of the noun:
- Singular: -em
- Plural: -y
Here are some examples:
- Pero (pen) â S perem (with a pen)
- ÄlovÄk (man) â S ÄlovÄkem (with a man)
Feminine Nouns[edit | edit source]
To form the Instrumental Case of feminine nouns, add the following endings to the nominative form of the noun:
- Singular: -ou
- Plural: -ami
Here are some examples:
- Ruka (hand) â S rukou (with a hand)
- Ĺ˝ena (woman) â S Ĺženami (with women)
Neuter Nouns[edit | edit source]
To form the Instrumental Case of neuter nouns, add the following endings to the nominative form of the noun:
- Singular: -em
- Plural: -y
Here are some examples:
- Auto (car) â S autem (with a car)
- MÄsto (city) â S mÄstem (with a city)
Adjectives[edit | edit source]
To form the Instrumental Case of adjectives, add the following endings to the nominative form of the adjective:
- Singular: -ým
- Plural: -ými
Here are some examples:
- ZdravĂ˝ (healthy) â S zdravĂ˝m (with a healthy person)
- StarĂ˝ (old) â S starĂ˝mi (with old people)
Exceptions[edit | edit source]
There are a few exceptions to the general rules for forming the Instrumental Case:
- Masculine animate nouns ending in a consonant, -ec, -an, -Ăn, or -tel take the ending -em instead of -om in the singular.
- Feminine nouns ending in -e or -Ä take the ending -Ă instead of -ou in the singular.
- Neuter nouns ending in -Ă, -Ă˝, or -Ä take the ending -Ăm instead of -em in the singular.
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
The Instrumental Case is an essential part of Czech grammar that helps us express the means or instrument by which an action is carried out. By mastering the rules for forming the Instrumental Case, you will be able to speak and write more accurately and effectively in Czech.
If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
Feel free to edit this wiki
Examples[edit | edit source]
MASCULINE[edit | edit source]
CASTLE | HRAD |
---|---|
SINGULAR | PLURAL |
PES JE PĹED HRADEM | PSI JSOU PĹED HRADY |
DOG IS IN FRONT OF THE CASTLE | DOGS ARE IN FRONT OF THE CASTLES |
FEMININE[edit | edit source]
SCHOOL | Ĺ KOLA |
---|---|
SINGULAR | PLURAL |
PTĂK JE NAD Ĺ KOLOU | PTĂCI JSOU NAD Ĺ KOLAMI |
BIRD IS OVER THE SCHOOL | BIRDS ARE OVER THE SCHOOLS |
NEUTER[edit | edit source]
CITY | MÄSTO |
---|---|
SINGULAR | PLURAL |
PES JE ZA HRADEM | PSI JSOU ZA HRADY |
DOG IS BEHIND THE CASTLE | DOGS ARE BEHIND THE CASTLES |
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
The Instrumental Case is an essential part of Czech grammar that helps us express the means or instrument by which an action is carried out. By mastering the rules for forming the Instrumental Case, you will be able to speak and write more accurately and effectively in Czech.
If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
Feel free to edit this wiki page!
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Present Continuous in Czech
- Verb to speak in Czech
- Nouns
- Possessive Case in Czech
- Dative Case in Czech
- Definite articles in Czech
- Negation
- Nominative Case in Czech
- Modal Verb (Must) in Czech
- Pronouns