Language/Czech/Grammar/Pronouns
Hi Czech learners! đ
In today's lesson, we will be exploring the use of pronouns in Czech grammar. Pronouns are words that are used in place of nouns to avoid repeating the same noun over and over again. They are essential in any language, and learning how to use them correctly is a crucial part of becoming fluent in Czech.
Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: Possessive Case in Czech, Instrumental Case in Czech, Nouns & Comparative and Superlative Forms.
What are Pronouns?[edit | edit source]
Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns. They are used to avoid repetition, making language more efficient and easy to understand. In Czech, pronouns can replace nouns that are the subject of the sentence, the object of the sentence, or part of a prepositional phrase.
Types of Pronouns[edit | edit source]
There are several types of pronouns in Czech. Here are some of the most common:
Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Personal pronouns are used to refer to a specific person or group of people.
Here are the personal pronouns in Czech:
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Accusative | Nominative | Accusative |
| JĂĄ (I) | MÄ, mnÄ (me) | My (we) | NĂĄs (us) |
| Ty (you) | TÄ, tobÄ (you) | Vy (you) | VĂĄs (you) |
| On (he) | NÄj, ho, sebe (him) | Oni (they) | Je, je (them) |
| Ona (she) | Ji, jĂ, sebe (her) | Ony (they) | Jim, je (them) |
| Ono (it) | Je, sebe (it) | â | â |
Note that the accusative forms are used when the pronoun is the object of the sentence.
Reflexive Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject of the sentence and the object of the sentence are the same.
Here are the reflexive pronouns in Czech:
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Accusative | Nominative | Accusative |
| Sebe (myself) | Se (myself) | Sebe (ourselves) | Se (ourselves) |
| Sebe (yourself) | Se (yourself) | Sebe (yourselves) | Se (yourselves) |
| Sebe (himself) | Se (himself) | Sebe (themselves) | Se (themselves) |
| Sebe (herself) | Se (herself) | Sebe (themselves) | Se (themselves) |
| Sebe (itself) | Se (itself) | â | â |
Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Possessive pronouns are used to indicate ownership or possession.
Here are the possessive pronouns in Czech:
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Non-masculine | Masculine | Non-masculine |
| MĆŻj (my) | Moje (my) | MĂ (our) | NaĆĄe (our) |
| TvƯj (your) | Tvé (your) | Vaƥi (your) | Vaƥe (your) |
| Jeho (his) | Jeho (his) | Jejich (their) | Jejich (their) |
| JejĂ (her) | JejĂ (her) | Jejich (their) | Jejich (their) |
| Jeho (its) | Jeho (its) | â | â |
Demonstrative Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out specific people or things.
Here are the demonstrative pronouns in Czech:
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Non-masculine | Masculine | Non-masculine |
| Ten (this/that) | Ta (this/that) | Ti (these/those) | Ty (these/those) |
| Tento (this) | Tato (this) | Tito (these) | Tyto (these) |
| Tamten (that) | Tamta (that) | Tamti (those) | Tamty (those) |
Interrogative Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions.
Here are the interrogative pronouns in Czech:
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Non-masculine | Masculine | Non-masculine |
| Kdo (who) | Co (what) | KteĆĂ (who) | CoĆŸ (what) |
Note that the plural forms of the interrogative pronouns are the same as the plural forms of the demonstrative pronouns.
Using Pronouns in Czech[edit | edit source]
Now that you know the different types of pronouns in Czech, it's important to understand how to use them correctly. Here are some general rules to keep in mind:
- In Czech, the subject of the sentence is typically placed at the beginning of the sentence, followed by the verb and then the object. If a pronoun is being used as the subject, it must be in the nominative case.
- If a pronoun is the object of the sentence, it must be in the accusative case.
- When using reflexive pronouns, make sure that the reflexive pronoun matches the subject of the sentence.
- Possessive pronouns must match the gender and number of the noun they are describing.
- Demonstrative pronouns must match the gender and number of the noun they are pointing to.
- Interrogative pronouns must match the gender and number of the noun being asked about.
Examples[edit | edit source]
WITH[edit | edit source]
| ENGLISH | CZECH |
|---|---|
| with me
with you with him with her with us with you (pl) with them (mas) with them (fem) |
SE MNOU
S TEBOU S NĂM S NĂ S NĂMI S VĂMI S NIMI S NIMI |
ME, YOU, HIM, HER, US...[edit | edit source]
| ENGLISH | CZECH |
|---|---|
| You see me
I see you I see him I see her They see us They see you (plur) I see them (mas) I see them (fem) |
TY MÄ VIDĂĆ
JĂ TÄ VIDĂM JĂ HO VIDĂM JĂ JI VIDĂM ONI NĂS VIDĂ ONI VĂS VIDĂ JĂ JE VIDĂM JĂ JE VIDĂM |
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
Pronouns are an essential part of any language, and learning how to use them correctly is a crucial step in becoming fluent in Czech. With the information in this lesson, you should now be able to identify and use the different types of pronouns in Czech with confidence.
If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. đ
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Genitive Case in Czech
- Accusative Case in Czech
- Plurals
- Verb to speak in Czech
- Questions
- Indefinite articles in Czech
- Modal Verb (Must) in Czech
- Dative Case in Czech
- Verb There to be in Czech
- Comaratives and Superlatives