Language/Lithuanian/Grammar/Conjunctions-and-Expressions-of-Time-and-Place

Lithuanian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Conjunctions and Expressions of Time and Place

Welcome to today’s lesson! As we continue our journey through the Lithuanian language, we will explore a crucial aspect: conjunctions and expressions of time and place. Understanding how to connect ideas and specify when and where actions occur is vital for forming comprehensive and meaningful sentences. This lesson is designed for complete beginners, and by the end, you’ll have a solid grasp of these foundational elements, setting you on the path to conversing in Lithuanian with confidence.

In this lesson, we will cover the following topics:

Importance of Conjunctions and Expressions

Conjunctions are like the glue that holds your sentences together. They allow you to connect thoughts, ideas, and actions in a coherent manner. Similarly, expressions of time and place help clarify when and where something happens, making your communication clearer and more precise.

Structure of the Lesson

1. Conjunctions in Lithuanian

• Coordinating Conjunctions

• Subordinating Conjunctions

2. Expressions of Time

• Basic Time Expressions

• Advanced Time Expressions

3. Expressions of Place

• Basic Place Expressions

• Advanced Place Expressions

4. Practice Exercises

• Hands-on activities to reinforce learning

5. Conclusion

Conjunctions in Lithuanian

Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses that are of equal importance. Here are some common coordinating conjunctions in Lithuanian:

Lithuanian	Pronunciation	English
ir	ir	and
bet	bɛt	but
arba	arbɐ	or
taigi	taɪɡi	so
o	o	but

Let’s look at some example sentences using these conjunctions:

Lithuanian	Pronunciation	English
Aš noriu eiti, bet jis nenori.	aʃ ˈnɔrʲu ˈeɪtʲɪ, bɛt jis nɛˈnɔrʲɪ	I want to go, but he doesn't want to.
Tu gali pasirinkti, arba šį, arba tą.	tu ˈɡali pɑˈsɪrʲɪktʲɪ, arbɐ ʃʲɪ, arbɐ tɑ	You can choose, either this or that.

Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions connect a dependent clause to an independent clause, adding depth to your sentences. Here are some common subordinating conjunctions:

Lithuanian	Pronunciation	English
kad	kɑd	that
nes	nɛs	because
kai	kɑɪ	when
jei	jɛɪ	if
nors	nɔrs	although

Here are some example sentences:

Lithuanian	Pronunciation	English
Aš žinau, kad tu ateisi.	aʃ ʒɪˈnɑu, kɑd tu ɑˈteɪsɪ	I know that you will come.
Nes lyja, mes liksime namuose.	nɛs ˈlɪjɑ, mɛs ˈlɪkʲɪmɛ nɑˈmu ɛsɛ	Because it's raining, we will stay at home.

Expressions of Time

Basic Time Expressions

Expressions of time help specify when an action takes place. Here are some basic expressions of time:

Lithuanian	Pronunciation	English
šiandien	ʃʲændʲɛn	today
rytoj	rʲɪˈtɔɪ	tomorrow
vakar	ˈvɑkɑr	yesterday
dabar	dɑˈbɑr	now
visada	vɪˈsɑdɑ	always

Here are examples of how to use these expressions:

Lithuanian	Pronunciation	English
Aš einu šiandien į parduotuvę.	aʃ ˈeɪnu ʃʲændʲɛn i pɑrˈduotʊvɛ	I am going today to the store.
Vakar mes buvome parke.	ˈvɑkɑr mɛs ˈbuvʊmɛ ˈpɑrkɛ	Yesterday we were in the park.

Advanced Time Expressions

As you progress, you will encounter more complex time expressions:

Lithuanian	Pronunciation	English
po savaitės	pɔ sɑˈvɑɪtɛs	in a week
prieš metus	prʲeʃ mɛˈtus	a year ago
kiekvieną dieną	ˈkʲeɪkʲvʲɛnɑ dʲɪˈɛnɑ	every day
kartą per mėnesį	ˈkɑrtɑ pɛr ˈmɛːnɛsɪ	once a month
nuo pirmadienio	nɔ pɪrˈmɑdʲɛnʲɔ	since Monday

Example sentences using advanced time expressions:

Lithuanian	Pronunciation	English
Aš atvyksiu po savaitės.	aʃ ɐtˈvʲɪkʲsu pɔ sɑˈvɑɪtɛs	I will arrive in a week.
Kiekvieną dieną aš mokausi.	kʲeɪkʲvʲɛnɑ dʲɪˈɛnɑ aʃ mɔkɐɪsɪ	Every day I study.

Expressions of Place

Basic Place Expressions

Expressions of place indicate where an action takes place. Here are some basic expressions of place:

Lithuanian	Pronunciation	English
čia	tʃʲɑ	here
ten	tɛn	there
viduje	vɪˈdʊjɛ	inside
lauke	lɑʊˈkɛ	outside
aplink	ɑˈplʲɪŋk	around

Examples of basic place expressions in sentences:

Lithuanian	Pronunciation	English
Aš esu čia.	aʃ ˈɛsu tʃʲɑ	I am here.
Knygos yra ten.	ˈkɲɪɡɔs ˈɪrɑ tɛn	The books are there.

Advanced Place Expressions

As you advance, you will learn more complex expressions of place:

Lithuanian	Pronunciation	English
prie jūros	prʲɛ jʊˈrɔs	by the sea
už namo	uʒ nɑˈmɔ	behind the house
virš kalno	vɪrʃ ˈkɑlnɔ	above the hill
tarp medžių	tɑrp ˈmɛdʲʊ	between the trees
aplink miestą	ɑˈplʲɪŋk ˈmʲɛɪstɑ	around the city

Example sentences with advanced place expressions:

Lithuanian	Pronunciation	English
Mes stovime prie jūros.	mɛs ˈstɔvɪmɛ prʲɛ jʊˈrɔs	We are standing by the sea.
Kėdė yra už namo.	ˈkʲɛdɛ ˈɪrɑ uʒ nɑˈmɔ	The chair is behind the house.

Practice Exercises

Now that we've covered conjunctions and expressions of time and place, it's time to reinforce your learning! Below are some exercises designed to help you practice what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences with the correct conjunction:

1. Aš noriu eiti, ____ jis nenori.

2. Mes važiuosime, ____ oras bus geras.

Solutions:

1. bet

2. jei

Exercise 2: Translate the Sentences

Translate the following sentences into Lithuanian:

1. I will go tomorrow.

2. The book is inside.

Solutions:

1. Aš eisiu rytoj.

2. Knyga yra viduje.

Exercise 3: Match the Expressions

Match the time expressions with their meanings:

1. šiandien

2. vakar

3. rytoj

4. visada

Solutions:

1 - today

2 - yesterday

3 - tomorrow

4 - always

Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences

Using the following words, create sentences:

• ir

• kad

• šiandien

• ten

Example Sentences:

1. Aš einu ten šiandien ir jis eina su manimi.

2. Aš žinau, kad tu ateisi.

Exercise 5: Identify the Mistakes

Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences below:

1. Aš esu čia, bet jis yra ten.

2. Mes einame vakar į parką.

Solutions:

1. Correct.

2. Mes einame šiandien į parką.

Exercise 6: Fill in the Correct Time Expression

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate time expression:

1. ____ mes turime pamoką. (every day)

2. Aš atvykau ____ (a year ago)

Solutions:

1. Kiekvieną dieną

2. prieš metus

Exercise 7: Use Expressions of Place

Write a sentence using each of the following expressions of place:

• čia

• ten

• aplink

Example Sentences:

1. Aš esu čia.

2. Knygos yra ten.

3. Mes vaikštome aplink parką.

Exercise 8: Conjunctions in Context

Write a short paragraph using at least three conjunctions from today's lesson.

Example Paragraph:

Aš noriu eiti į parką bet oras yra blogas. Nes lyja, mes liksime namuose ir žiūrėsime filmą.

Exercise 9: Time Expressions in Context

Translate the following paragraph into Lithuanian:

"I went to the store yesterday. Today, I will meet my friend."

Solution:

"Aš nuėjau į parduotuvę vakar. Šiandien, aš susitiksiu su savo draugu."

Exercise 10: Place Expressions in Context

Use the following expressions to create sentences:

• prie jūros

• už namo

• tarp medžių

Example Sentences:

1. Mes stovime prie jūros.

2. Kėdė yra už namo.

3. Vaikai žaidžia tarp medžių.

Conclusion

Congratulations on completing this lesson! You've taken important steps in mastering Lithuanian conjunctions and expressions of time and place. Remember, practice is key. Try using these new skills in your conversations, and don't hesitate to revisit this lesson as needed. Keep up the great work, and I look forward to seeing you in the next lesson!

Table of Contents - Lithuanian Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Introduction to Lithuanian

• Alphabet and Pronunciation
• Basic Sentence Structure

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Common Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Nouns and Pronouns

• Noun Gender and Declension
• Personal Pronouns

  ---

Numbers and Time

• Numbers 1-100
• Telling Time

  ---

Verbs and Tenses

• Present Tense
• Past Tense

  ---

Food and Dining

• Common Foods
• Dining Out

  ---

Adjectives and Adverbs

• Describing People and Things
• Comparatives and Superlatives

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Asking for Directions

  ---

Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Common Prepositions
• Connecting Ideas

  ---

Shopping and Services

• Shopping Vocabulary
• Banking and Postal Services

  ---

Lithuanian Traditions and Customs

• Holidays and Celebrations
• Traditional Cuisine

Sources

• A Short Grammar of Lithuanian | Slavica Publishers
• Lithuanian grammar - Wikipedia

Other Lessons

• Questions
• Pronouns
• Plurals
• Present Tense Verbs
• Conjugation
• 0 to A1 Course
• Conditional Mood
• Genitive Case
• Plural Forms of Nouns and Adjectives