Language/Latin/Grammar/Latin-alphabet
English
Latin alphabet, also called Roman alphabet, was borrowed in very early times from a Greek alphabet and in classical period has 23 letters,
of which 3 are rare (k - y - z), which are found in words of Greek origin. Initially it consisted of capital letters only, and the small letters
with which we are familiar did not come into general use until the close of the eighth century A.D.
Latin distinguishes between long vowels (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū) and short vowels (ă, ĕ, ĭ, ŏ, ŭ), which however are not generally noted in the texts.
All the letters are pronounced.
Français
L'alphabet latin a été emprunté très tôt un alphabet grec et à l'époque classique compte 23 lettres, dont 3 rares (k - y - z),
que l'on trouve dans les mots d'origine grecque. Développé à partir de l'alphabet étrusque à un moment donné avant 600
avant notre ère, il est retracé à travers des étrusques, qui ils l'ont empruntés des Grecs. Initialement, il se composait uniquement
de lettres majuscules, et les minuscules avec lesquelles nous sommes familiers, ces lettres n'ayant été introduites qu'à la Renaissance.
Le latin distingue les voyelles longues (ā, ē , ī , ō , ū) et les voyelles brèves (ă, ĕ, ĭ, ŏ, ŭ), qui toutefois ne sont généralement pas notées dans les textes.
Ελληνικά
Το λατινικό αλφάβητο δανείστηκε πολύ νωρίς το ελληνικό αλφάβητο και στην κλασική εποχή έχει 23 γράμματα,
εκ των οποίων τα 3 είναι σπάνια (k - y - z), τα οποία βρίσκονται σε λέξεις ελληνικής προέλευσης.
Αρχικά, αποτελούνταν μόνο από κεφαλαία γράμματα, η δε πεζή γραφή την οποία γνωρίζουμε δημιουργήθηκε στα τέλη του 8ου μ.Χ αι.
Latin alphabet
Latin Alphabet contains 23 Letters J (iota), W (ve dobre) are only in loanwords, V (ve) is no longer in Latin Alphabet, Because abolished in since 1974.
Latin alphabet | Pronunciation | Exemples | Modern equivalences |
---|---|---|---|
A - ă and ā | [a] bref- short
[a] long |
damus : nous donnons - we give | as in father - âtre |
B - b | [b] | bonus : bon / good | as in bishop |
C- c | [k] toujours dur- still hard | cepi : j'ai pris / i took
Cicero, Cicéron / Cicero |
képi - as in cat |
D - d | [d] | dare : donner / give | as in David |
E - ĕ and ē | [é] bref and [é] long | habere : avoir / to have | aimer - as in hey |
F - f | [f] | fabula : fable | as in freedom |
G - g | [g] toujours dur- still hard | magis : plus / more | Garde / as in God |
H - h | [h] | homo : homme / man | honneur / as in holy |
I - ĭ and ī | [i] bref - short
[i] long [y] consonne / consonant |
littera : lettre / letter
audire : entendre / hear iam : déjà / already |
fini / as in antique
pie yeux |
K - k (rare) | [k] | Kalendae : Calendes | calendrier / as in king |
L - l | [l] | lux : lumière / light | as in love |
M - m | [m] | mater : mère / mother | as in Mary |
N - n | [n] | nox : nuit / night | as in nun |
O - ŏ and ō | [o] bref
[o] long |
inopia : misère / misery
copia : abondance / abundance |
Encore / as in over
faute |
P - p | [p] | pater : père / father | as in pope |
Q(u) - q(u) | [kw] | qualis : quel / what | as in queen |
R - r | [r] | rex : roi / king | as in Roma |
S - s | [s] still hard - toujours dur | causa : cause / | casse / as in see |
T - t | [t] | natio : nation / | tiare / as in tree |
V - ŭ and ū | [ou] bref
[ou] long [w] consonne |
dominus : maître / master
ius : droit / law uotum, vœu / wish |
loup / as in wind
court as in water |
X - x | [ks] | extra : au-dehors / without | extérieur / as in wax |
Y - y (rare) | [u] | hypocrita : mime | nul / as in yard |
Z - z (rare) | [z] | zephyrus : zéphyr / zephyr | as in maze |
Latin Unused | J - j | Only in loanwords | |
V - v | Consonantal U, now is not used in 1974 | ||
W - w | Only in loanwords. | ||
Diphtongues | |||
-ae- | [aï] | aequus : uni, égal / united, equal | as in aisle / aie |
-au- | [aw] | audire : entendre / hear | as in house |
-eu- | [eou] | neuter : aucun des deux / neither of the two | as in seu |
-oe- | [oï] | poena, châtiment / punishment | as in oyster |
Sources
Videos
The Latin Alphabet - Consonant Pronunciation - YouTube
Basic English Grammar For Learning Latin Part I - YouTube
LEARN LATIN FROM SCRATCH 🏛️ Fundamental grammar ‹ Latin ...
Ruddiman 001 - Rudiments of Latin Grammar - The Letters Learn ...
Other Lessons
- Parts of speech Latin
- Latin Nouns
- Present Tense
- Pronouns
- Adjectives
- Latin Articles
- Negation
- Past Tense
- How to Use Have