Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/Declensions

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Halh Mongolian → Grammar → Declensions

As a Halh Mongolian language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I am thrilled to continue our journey into the fascinating world of Halh Mongolian grammar. In this lesson, we will dive into the topic of declensions, an essential aspect of the language that will immensely improve your overall understanding and communication skills.


Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: Present Tense Verbs & Pronouns.

What are Declensions?

Declensions are modifications made to a noun, adjective, or pronoun to reflect its grammatical function in a sentence. In Halh Mongolian, declensions are a way to show the role of a noun, or the relationship between the thing or person the noun represents and the other elements in the sentence. This includes the subject, direct object, indirect object, and possessive.

The Cases of Halh Mongolian

Cases are different forms that a word can take to reflect its grammatical function or relationship to other words in a sentence. In Halh Mongolian, there are six cases:

  1. Nominative
  2. Accusative
  3. Dative
  4. Genitive
  5. Ablative
  6. Instrumental

Nominative Case

The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence, meaning the person or thing doing the action. For example:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English
Монгол Mongol Mongol(ian)
бичиг bichig writing
байгууллага baiguul-lagaa company
нас nas age

Accusative Case

The accusative case is used for the direct object of a sentence, meaning the person or thing receiving the action. It is also used after postpositions indicating motion towards. For example:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English
Монголчуудаа Mongolchuudaa To Mongolians
бичигний bichignii writing (of the)
байгууллагыг baiguul-lagy-g company (of the)
насыг nas-yg age (of)

Dative Case

The dative case is used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence, meaning the person or thing for whom the action is done. It is most commonly used after verbs such as "give" or "show". For example:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English
та ta you
манай manai our
хүүхэд khüükhed children
гараа garaa hand (dative of)

Genitive Case

The genitive case is used to show possession and to indicate the object of some postpositions. For example:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English
миний minii my
машины mashinii car's
гэр ger home
хүү khüü son

Ablative Case

The ablative case is used to indicate movement from or separation from a source. For example:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English
Нэрт Nert From Nert
сургуулиас surguu-li-ias From school
Монголоос Mongoloos From Mongolia
шөнө shönö snow

Instrumental Case

The instrumental case is used to indicate the means or tool by which the action was carried out. For example:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English
суманд sumand with a knife
голоошоос goloo-shoos with a spoon
хонины honinii with honey
өнгөрсөн öngörsön passed (by)

Adjectives and Pronouns

Adjectives and pronouns in Halh Mongolian also decline according to the cases. Here are some examples of how adjectives and pronouns can change in the different cases:

Adjectives

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English
маш mash very
бага baga small
эрс ers brave
дээр deer on (top of)

Pronouns

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English
би bi I, me
та ta you
тэр ter he, she, it
бид bid we, us (inclusive)
манай manai our

Practice Makes Perfect

Declensions are a fundamental aspect of Halh Mongolian grammar, but they can also be challenging for beginners. It takes time and practice to become comfortable with them, so don't be discouraged if you don't understand everything right away. To help you get started, here are some examples for you to practice.

  1. Монголчуудаа бичигний хэсгийг захиалсан.
  2. Би голоолгоор машины түвшнийг уншлаа.
  3. Энэ сард бид манай хүүхэд дулааныг өргөөж байгаа.
  4. Хониндоо гараа цэвэрлэж байгаа хэрэгтэй.
  5. Тэд насыг хамгаалъя.
  6. Нэртэй сургуульд эзэн байхдаа түүний эрс дээрээс элемэнтдэж зод бичиж байлаа.

I hope you find this lesson helpful in your Halh Mongolian language journey. In our next lesson, we will be exploring Conditional Verbs, another essential part of building your Halh Mongolian language skills. Keep up the good work!

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