Language/Javanese/Grammar/Common-Conjunctions
Introduction
In Javanese language, conjunctions are essential elements of a sentence. They are used to connect words, phrases, or clauses and to add more complexity to a sentence. In this lesson, you will learn the most common Javanese conjunctions and how to use them in sentences.
Coordinating Conjunctions
Pangrasa (And)
The Pangrasa conjunction in Javanese language is used to connect two phrases or clauses that have similar meanings. It is similar to the English conjunction "and".
| Javanese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| yarè | [jɔre] | and |
Example:
- aku wis takon karo bapak yarè ibu.
This sentence means "I have asked both my father and my mother."
Lan (And)
The Lan conjunction in Javanese language is also used to connect two phrases or clauses. It is similar to the English conjunction "and". However, Lan is used to connect words or phrases that have the same function in a sentence.
| Javanese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| lan | [lan] | and |
Example:
- aku lan adikku iso nggawa kerja aku.
This sentence means "Me and my sibling can do my work."
Tapi (But)
The Tapi conjunction in Javanese language is used to connect phrases or clauses that have opposite meanings. It is similar to the English conjunction "but".
| Javanese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| tapi | [tapi] | but |
Example:
- kemeja ku wis sira bener, tapi kancane wis prahara.
This sentence means "My shirt is already neat, but my pants are already worn out."
Ora, Utawa, Yen (Or)
The Ora, Utawa, Yen conjunction in Javanese language is used to connect phrases or clauses that express alternatives. It is similar to the English conjunction "or". Ora and Utawa are used interchangeably. Yen is used when you want to create a conditional sentence.
| Javanese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ora, utawa, yen | [ɔrɔ, utawɔ, jɛn] | or |
Example:
- aku menehi kabar sama ibu, ora adikku.
This sentence means "I gave the news only to my mother, not to my sibling."
Subordinating Conjunctions
Kaya (Like, As If)
The Kaya conjunction in Javanese language is used to indicate a comparison, and is similar to the English phrases "like" or "as if".
| Javanese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| kaya | [kaja] | like, as if |
Example:
- aku kaya merindu sepur, terus maringi rasane tak bagéa.
This sentence means "I miss the train like I've lost something important."
Syarat (If, When)
The Syarat conjunction in Javanese language is used to indicate a condition, and it can mean "if" or "when" depending on the context.
| Javanese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| syarat | [sjɔrat] | if, when |
Example:
- jarene wis emoh syarat dipanjenengan gone asal wis tekan ing jaton.
This sentence means "The plate is broken if you hold it from the edge and then hit it on the table."
Nanging (But, Although)
The Nanging conjunction in Javanese language is used to indicate a contrast or opposition, and it can mean both "but" and "although" in different contexts.
| Javanese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| nanging | [naŋiŋ] | but, although |
Example:
- aku wis tanda-tangan kontrak, nanging aku ono keleyan loro.
This sentence means "I have signed the contract, but I still have two debts."
Conclusion
In conclusion, Javanese conjunctions are essential to making more complex sentences. By mastering the common conjunctions listed in this lesson, you will be able to create more expressive and detailed sentences in Javanese language. Keep practicing and incorporating new vocabulary to improve your language skills!