Language/Bulgarian/Grammar/Pronouns

Bulgarian Grammar - Pronouns

Hi Bulgarian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about pronouns in Bulgarian grammar. Pronouns are an essential part of any language, and they help us communicate more efficiently. We will cover some basic pronouns, such as personal, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative, and relative pronouns.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns are used to refer to a specific person or thing. In Bulgarian, these pronouns change depending on whether they are the subject or object of a sentence. Let's take a look at the personal pronouns in Bulgarian:

Bulgarian	Pronunciation	English
Аз	Az	I, me
Ти	Ti	You (singular)
Той	Toy	He, him
Тя	Tya	She, her
То	To	It
Ние	Nie	We, us
Вие	Vie	You (plural)
Те	Te	They, them

Here are some examples of personal pronouns used in sentences:

• Аз говоря български. (Az govorya balgarski.) - I speak Bulgarian.
• Ти си мой приятел. (Ti si moy priyatel.) - You are my friend.
• Той харесва спорта. (Toy haresva sporta.) - He likes sports.
• Тя работи в библиотеката. (Tya raboti v bibliotekata.) - She works in the library.
• То е голямо животно. (To e golyamo jivotno.) - It is a big animal.
• Ние обичаме да пътуваме. (Nie obichame da patuvame.) - We love to travel.
• Вие сте моите учители. (Vie ste moite uchiteli.) - You are my teachers.
• Те любят да играят. (Te lyubyat da igrayat.) - They love to play.

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns indicate ownership or possession. They correspond to different genders, numbers, and cases in Bulgarian. Let's look at some examples:

Bulgarian	Pronunciation	English
мой	moy	my (masculine)
моя	moya	my (feminine)
мое	moye	my (neuter)
мои	moi	my (plural)
твой	tvoy	your (masculine)
твоя	tvoya	your (feminine)
твое	tvoe	your (neuter)
твои	tvoi	your (plural)
негов	negov	his
негова	negova	his
негово	negovo	his
негови	negovi	his (plural)
нейн	neyn	her
нейна	neyna	her
нейно	neyno	her
нейни	neyni	her (plural)
наш	nash	our
наша	nasha	our
наше	nashe	our
наши	nashi	our (plural)
ваш	vash	your (formal)
ваша	vasha	your (formal)
ваше	vashe	your (formal)
ваш	vash	your (formal, masculine)
вашата	vashata	your (formal, feminine)
вашето	vasheto	your (formal, neuter)
вашите	vashite	your (formal, plural)
техен	tehen	their
техна	tehna	their
техно	tehno	their
техни	tehni	their (plural)

Here are some examples of possessive pronouns used in sentences:

• Моят куче обича да играе. (Moyat kuche obicha da igrae.) - My dog likes to play.
• Твоят брат е много умен. (Tvoyat brat e mnogo umen.) - Your brother is very smart.
• Неговата кола е червена. (Negovata kola e chervena.) - His car is red.
• Нейният план е да пътува. (Neyniyat plan e da patuva.) - Her plan is to travel.
• Нашите деца посещават училище. (Nashite detsa poseshchavat uchilishte.) - Our children attend school.
• Вашите родители са много горди. (Vashite roditeli sa mnogo gordi.) - Your parents are very proud.
• Техните приятели идват скоро. (Tekhnite priyateli idvat skoro.) - Their friends are coming soon.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns are used to indicate a specific object or group of objects. In Bulgarian, there are two types of demonstrative pronouns - this and that, and their plural forms these and those. Let's take a look at the examples below:

Bulgarian	Pronunciation	English
този	tozi	this (masculine)
тази	tazi	this (feminine)
това	tova	this (neuter)
тези	tezi	these (plural)
онзи	onzi	that (masculine)
онази	onazi	that (feminine)
онзи	onzi	that (neuter)
ония	oniya	those (plural)

Here are some examples of demonstrative pronouns used in sentences:

• Този човек говори румънски. (Tozi chovek govori rumynski.) - This man speaks Romanian.
• Тази книга е на български език. (Tazi kniga e na balgarski ezik.) - This book is in Bulgarian.
• Това животно е много опасно. (Tova jivotno e mnogo opasno.) - This animal is very dangerous.
• Тези хора са мои приятели. (Tezi hora sa moi priyateli.) - These people are my friends.
• Онзи край е много красив. (Onzi kray e mnogo krasiv.) - That area is very beautiful.
• Онази рокля е много скъпа. (Onazi roklya e mnogo skapa.) - That dress is very expensive.
• Онова място е празно. (Onova myasto e prazno.) - That place is empty.
• Ония книги са много интересни. (Oniya knigi sa mnogo interesni.) - Those books are very interesting.

Interrogative Pronouns

Interrogative pronouns are used in questions to ask for information. In Bulgarian, the interrogative pronouns are какъв (what), кой (who), коя (who - feminine), колко (how many), къде (where), как (how), and кога (when). Let's take a look at some examples:

Bulgarian	Pronunciation	English
какъв	kakuv	what
кой	koy	who (masculine)
коя	koya	who (feminine)
колко	kolko	how many
къде	kade	where
как	kak	how
кога	koga	when

Here are some examples of interrogative pronouns used in sentences:

• Какъв цвят предпочиташ? (Kakuv tsvyat predpochitash?) - What color do you prefer?
• Кой е този човек? (Koy e tozi chovek?) - Who is this man?
• Коя песен обичаш най-много? (Koya pesen obichash nay-mnogo?) - Which song do you like the most?
• Колко ябълки искаш? (Kolko yabalki iskash?) - How many apples do you want?
• Къде е моята чанта? (Kade e moyata chanta?) - Where is my bag?
• Как беше името ти отново? (Kak beshe imeto ti otnovo?) - What was your name again?
• Кога ще дойдеш утре? (Koga shte doydes utre?) - When will you come tomorrow?

Relative Pronouns

Relative pronouns are used to connect one phrase or clause to another within a sentence. In Bulgarian, the most common relative pronouns are който (who, which), която (which - feminine), кое (which - neuter), когото (whom), and коятo (which - neuter). Let's look at some examples:

Bulgarian	Pronunciation	English
който	koyto	who, which (masculine)
която	koyato	which (feminine)
кое	koe	which (neuter)
когото	kogoto	whom
която	koyato	which (neuter)

Here are some examples of relative pronouns used in sentences:

• Това е човекът, който помогна на майка ми. (Tova e chovekut, koyto pomogna na mayka mi.) - This is the man who helped my mother.
• Това е книгата, която искам да прочета. (Tova e knigata, koyato iskam da procheta.) - This is the book that I want to read.
• Това е животното, което съм виждал в зоопарка. (Tova e jivotnoto, koeto sam vizhdal v zooparka.) - This is the animal that I saw in the zoo.
• Този човек, когото срещнах, беше много любезен. (Tozi chovek, kogoto sreshtnah, beshe mnogo lyubezen.) - The man whom I met was very kind.
• Това е мястото, където сме били миналата година. (Tova e myastoto, kade smе bili minalata godina.) - This is the place where we were last year.

To improve your Bulgarian Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources

• Bulgarian Grammar - Wikipedia
• Bulgarian Language - Wikipedia
• Pronoun - Wikipedia