Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-100
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Introduction
Welcome to the "Complete 0 to A1 Standard Estonian Course". In this course, you will learn everything you need to know to become proficient in the Estonian language. This lesson will focus on learning to count in Estonian from 1 to 100. You will also learn how to use numbers in various contexts, such as shopping, telling the time, and expressing age.
After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: Family and friends & Education.
Numbers 1-10
Cardinal Numbers (Põhiarvud)
In Estonian, counting from 1 to 10 is relatively straightforward. Here are the numbers from 1 to 10 in Estonian:
| Standard Estonian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| üks | [yks] | one |
| kaks | [kaks] | two |
| kolm | [kolm] | three |
| neli | [neli] | four |
| viis | [viis] | five |
| kuus | [kuus] | six |
| seitse | [saitse] | seven |
| kaheksa | [kahheksa] | eight |
| üheksa | [yheksa] | nine |
| kümme | [kuumme] | ten |
Here are some examples of how to use these numbers in context:
- Ma tahaksin osta ühe õuna. (I would like to buy one apple.)
- Meil on kaks koera. (We have two dogs.)
- Kolm inimest tulid uksest sisse. (Three people came in through the door.)
Numbers 11-20
Cardinal Numbers (Põhiarvud)
The numbers from 11 to 20 require a slightly different approach in Estonian: you add the word "teist" to the end of the numbers 1-9, and then add the suffix "-sada" to create 10, 20, 30, and so on. The word "sada" means "hundred." Here are the numbers from 11 to 20 in Estonian:
| Standard Estonian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| üksteist | [yks-tayst] | eleven |
| kaksteist | [kahks-tayst] | twelve |
| kolmteist | [kolm-tayst] | thirteen |
| neliteist | [ne-lee-tayst] | fourteen |
| viisteist | [vees-tayst] | fifteen |
| kuusteist | [kuus-tayst] | sixteen |
| seitseteist | [sai-tse-tayst] | seventeen |
| kaheksateist | [kah-hek-sa-tayst] | eighteen |
| üheksateist | [yhek-sa-tayst] | nineteen |
| kakskümmend | [kahks-kyuum-mend] | twenty |
Here are some examples of how to use these numbers in context:
- Tal on üksteist õde ja venda. (He has eleven sisters and brothers.)
- Ma sündisin kaksteist minutit pärast keskööd. (I was born twelve minutes after midnight.)
- Viisteist inimest jõudis finišisse enne mind. (Fifteen people crossed the finish line before me.)
Numbers 20-100
Cardinal Numbers (Põhiarvud)
From 21 to 99, you combine the words for the multiples of ten (20, 30, 40, etc.) with the words for the basic numbers (1-9) using the word "ja" (and). For example, the number 35 would be "kolmkümmend viis" (literally "three tens and five"). The word "sada" is used to denote 100. Here are the numbers from 20 to 100 in Estonian:
| Standard Estonian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| kakskümmend üks | [kahks-kyuum-mend yks] | twenty-one |
| kolmkümmend | [kolm-kyuum-mend] | thirty |
| nelikümmend | [ne-lee-kyuum-mend] | forty |
| viiskümmend | [vees-kyuum-mend] | fifty |
| kuuskümmend | [kuus-kyuum-mend] | sixty |
| seitsekümmend | [sait-se-kyuum-mend] | seventy |
| kaheksakümmend | [kah-hek-sa-kyuum-mend] | eighty |
| üheksakümmend | [yhek-sa-kyuum-mend] | ninety |
| sada | [saa-ta] | one hundred |
Here are some examples of how to use these numbers in context:
- Ma maksin viiskümmend senti. (I paid fifty cents.)
- Kolmkümmend kuus õpilast läks eksamile. (Thirty-six students took the exam.)
- Päev kestab 24 tundi ehk 1440 minutit. (A day lasts 24 hours or 1440 minutes.)
Ordinal Numbers (Järjendarvud)
While cardinal numbers are used to represent quantities, ordinal numbers are used to express rank or position. In Estonian, ordinal numbers are formed by adding the suffix "-s" to the cardinal number. For example, "esimene" means "first" and is formed by adding "-s" to "üks" (one). Here are the ordinal numbers from 1 to 10 in Estonian:
| Standard Estonian | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| esimene | [eh-si-me-ne] | first |
| teine | [tay-ne] | second |
| kolmas | [kol-mas] | third |
| neljas | [nel-yas] | fourth |
| viies | [vee-yes] | fifth |
| kuues | [kuu-yes] | sixth |
| seitsmes | [say-ts-mes] | seventh |
| kaheksas | [kah-hek-sas] | eighth |
| üheksas | [yhe-ksas] | ninth |
| kümnes | [kuum-nes] | tenth |
Here are some examples of how to use these numbers in context:
- Esimene koht läks Janile. (Jan got first place.)
- Teine film oli parem kui esimene. (The second movie was better than the first.)
- Ta sai neljanda koha kettaheites. (He got fourth place in discus throwing.)
Practice Exercises
Now that you know the numbers from 1 to 100 in Estonian, it's time to practice using them in context. Here are some exercises to help you get started:
- Count from 1 to 10 in Estonian.
- Spell out the numbers 27 and 43 in Estonian.
- How would you say "I am 31 years old" in Estonian?
- If someone asks you to buy "viis õuna" at the store, how many apples should you buy?
- You want to meet your friends at 3:15 in the afternoon. What time should you arrange to meet?
Conclusion
Congratulations! You have now learned to count in Estonian from 1 to 100. You can also use these numbers in various contexts, such as telling time, expressing age, and shopping. Keep practicing these skills and building your vocabulary, and you will soon become fluent in Estonian.
Other Lessons
- Education
- Count to 10
- Introducing Yourself
- Family
- Food and Drinks
- Feelings and Emotions
- Food
- Days of the Week
- Greetings and introductions
- Family and friends
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